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Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
responding to deindividuation among group members
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
increasing group polarization within different groups
2
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
optic nerve
cornea
rods
cones
3
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
counterbalancing
descriptive statistics
standard deviation
inferential statistics
4
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
detecting absolute threshold
sound localization
hearing high frequencies
sensory adaptation
5
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
deindividuation
group polarization
groupthink
social facilitation
6
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
achieving physiological homeostasis
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
7
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
neuroplasticity
contralateral control
effective psychological environment
hemispheric lateralization
8
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
dispositional
behavioral
situational
social
9
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his research wasn't representative of the population
10
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
PET
EEG
MRI
rTMS
11
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
Barnum effect
just world bias
12
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
respond more quickly to colors
13
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
token economy
higher-order conditioning
law of effect
behavior shaping
14
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
latency period
oral stage
phallic stage
anal stage
15
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
a desk and/or table
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
four legs and a seat
pens, pencils, and a computer
16
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
cognitive
evolutionary
psychodynamic
17
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
have been exposed to good, moral role models
believe in God
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
be able to take another person's perspective
18
Which is most closely associated with creativity
divergent thinking
functional fixedness
hypothesis testing
contextual intelligence
19
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
gender schema theory
the social role hypothesis
principle of continuity
linguistic relativity hypothesis
20
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
outliers
variances
normally distributed
modes
21
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
cut with a knife
write with a pencil
say a sentence
clap their hands
22
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
sublimation
mirror neurons
latent learning
modeling
23
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
social learning theory
the law of effect
the overjustification effect
latent learning
24
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the reconstructive nature of memory
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the rate at which people forget information
the serial position effect
25
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
68
84
95
50
26
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
crystallized intelligence
multiple intelligences
aptitude intelligence
fluid intelligence
27
which is an example of an implicit memory
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
remembering how to tie your shoelace
28
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
mid 30s
puberty
early 20s
late 40s
29
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
biological theory
trait theory
social cognitive theroy
psychodynamic theory
30
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
health psychology
social psychology
positive psychology
psychometrics
31
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
pitch of the tone
frequency of the wave
amplitude of the wave
transduction of the wave
32
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
genetics and nutrition
unconscious conflicts
parenting styles
secondary drives and needs
33
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
framing effects
confirmation bias
inattentional blindness
34
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
recall
retroactive memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
episodic memory
35
which structure is part of the inner ear
malleus (hammer)
auditory canal
basilar membrane
tympanic membrane
36
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
pursue a romantic interest
make new friends
eat a meal
go for a run
37
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
culture
family
environment
temperament
38
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
short-term memory
sensory memory
procedural memory
long-term memory
39
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Yerkes-Dodson law
James-Lange theory of emotion
40
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : increase
add : decrease
remove : punish
remove : decrease
41
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
discrimination
accommodation
assimilation
habituation
42
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
43
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
a theory
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
overconfidence
44
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
disconnection from reality and delusions
inappropriate or flat affect
substance abuse and dependence
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
45
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
unconditioned response
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
46
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
L-Dopa
benzodiazepines
lithium
SSRIs
47
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
evolutionary
behavioral
psychoanalytic
cognitive
48
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
49
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
mental retardation
Down syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
fetal alcohol syndrome
50
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
retinal disparity
linear perspective
convergence
closure
51
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
William James
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
52
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
internal
external
situational
fundamental
53
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
pons
cerebellum
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
54
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
humanistic
trait
psychoanalytic
biological
55
What is the purpose of the DSM
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
56
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
hormones released in the womb
parenting style
traumatic childhood experiences
masculine/feminine personality traits
57
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
approach-avoidance
postconventional
theory Y
James-Lange
58
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
bipolar disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
major depressive disorder
59
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
sight
hearing
touch
balance
60
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
61
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
disinhibition
social roles
conformity
social facilitation
62
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
63
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
the Oedipus complex
64
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
mean
range
median
standard deviation
65
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
belief perseverance
divergent thinking
a mental set
low experiential intelligence
66
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
67
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
clinical psychologist
psychoanalyst
psychiatrist
cognitive psychotherapist
68
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
test-retest reliability
construct validity
standardization
aptitude measures
69
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
violation of confidentiality
70
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
physical contact between dendrites
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
hormones jump from one axon to the next
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
71
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
72
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
environmental factors that influence intelligence
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
73
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random sampling
representative assignment
random assignment
assignment to conditions
74
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
James-Lange theory
social facilitation theory
opponent process theory
75
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate lacks object permanence
76
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
transduction theory
77
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
antagonists
activation-synthesis
dissociation
tolerance
78
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
longitudinal study
social-cognitive study
developmental study
cross-sectional study
79
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
dissociative identity disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
schizophrenia
antisocial personality disorder
80
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
concrete operational exercises
early gross motor practice
myelination of brain neurons
secure attachment with parents
81
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
82
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
projection
displacement
sublimation
reaction formation
83
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
humanistic
psychodynamic
biological
evolutionary
84
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-avoidance
avoidance-avoidance
approach-approach
she does not have a conflict
85
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
archetypes
repressed memories
functional fixedness
inferiority complexes
86
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
continuous
fixed variable
variable interval
fixed ratio
87
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
self-serving bias
compliance strategies
individualism
in-group bias
88
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
split-half reliability
89
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
mere-exposure effect
deindividuation
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
central route persuasion
90
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
observational learning
classical conditioning
91
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
specific changes in the brain
92
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
bottom up processing
absolute threshold
difference threshold
signal detection theory
93
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
trait
humanistic
psychoanalytic
cognitive
94
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
95
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
endocrine system
serotonin system
sympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
96
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
semantic memory
procedural memory
episodic memory
eidetic memory
97
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
circadian rhythm
personalities
daily activities
sleep cycles
98
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
99
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
100
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
beta waves
alpha waves
sleep spindles
delta waves
101
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodate
ignore : adaptation
reward : punishment
reduce : stereotypes
102
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
103
light enters the eye through an opening in the
iris
fovea
retina
blind spot
104
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
holobase
grapheme
phoneme
morpheme
105
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
standard deviation
median
mean
range
106
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
feature detectors
optic chiasm
fovea
optic nerve
107
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
attachment
object permanence
conservation
universal ethical principles
108
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
sleep apnea and night terrors
heightened manifest dream content
109
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
110
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus
medulla oblongata
corpus callosum
111
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
modeling
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
negative reinforcement
112
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
proactive interference
long-term potentiation
state-dependent memory
semantic encoding
113
the limbic system plays an important role in
maintaining balance
processing sensory information
planning for the future
regulating emotion
114
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
touch
smell
sight
hearing
115
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
fundamental attribution error
reciprocity norm
out-group homogeneity
self-fulfilling prophecy
116
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
counterconditioning
latent learning
insight learning
observational learning
117
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
presence of an authority figure
placebo effect
size of the group
wearing guard uniforms
118
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebral cortex
medulla
sensory cortex
cerebellum
119
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
dopamine
acetylcholine
serotonin
adrenaline
120
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
traits, the environment, and behavior
121
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
correlation study
case study
experiment
naturalistic observation
122
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
factor analysis
secondary central dispositions
unconditional positive regard
defense mechanisms
123
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
achievement
standardized
triarchic
124
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
pharmacological
cognitive
structuralist
behavioral
125
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
aptitude test
EQ test
IQ test
achievement test
126
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
movement and electrical shocks
performing a task and receiving food
nausea and food or drink
punishment and aversion
127
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
major depressive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
128
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
a strong superego
low self-esteem
an extraverted personality
high self-efficacy
129
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
130
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
learned responses; physiological reactions
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
131
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
single blind study
double blind study
Hawthorne effect
counterbalancing
132
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Gage's area
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
133
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
134
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
rational emotive behavior therapy
counterconditioning
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
135
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
slightly above average
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
well below the average of 200
136
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
frequency theory
difference threshold
absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
137
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
at what age can children reason abstractly
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
138
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
conscious level and non conscious level
role theory and dissociation theory
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
manifest content and latent content
139
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
speaking aloud
understanding what was said to her
moving her left hand
solving a logic problem
140
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
cerebellum
hypothalamus
medulla
amygdala
141
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
personality
schizophrenic
dissociative
anixety
142
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
stereotyping
scapegoating
superordinate goals
out-group homogeneity
143
the somatic nervous system is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
144
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
primary drives
need for achievement
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
145
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
neuroticism
openness
extraversion
conscientiousness
146
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
synaptic cleft
terminal button
myelin
neurotransmiters
147
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
autism
major depressive disorder
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
148
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
trait
psychoanalyst
social-cognitive
humanist
149
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
binocular and monocular cues
proximity and similarity
top-down and bottom-up processing
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
150
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
cognitive dissonance
self-serving bias
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
151
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
assimilation
motor development
parenting style
attachment
152
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
diffusion of responsibility
deindividuation
group polarization
superordinate goals
153
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
secondary
continuous
partial
primary
154
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
neurochemical imbalances
unfulfilled needs
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
155
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a mean that is the same as the median
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a probability of chance less than 5%
156
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
biomedical interventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
talking to a patient
secondary preventions
157
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the importance of physical contact to development
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that primates can make and use tools
that language is a uniquely human skill
158
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
brain injury
proactive interference
leading questions
relearning effect
159
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
160
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
language acquisition device
linguistic relativity hypothesis
phonemes and morphemes
serial position effect
161
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
REBT
client-centered therapy
systematic desensitization
token economies
162
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
electro-convulsive shock therapy
gestalt therapy
free association
prefrontal lobotomy
163
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Babinski
rooting
Moro
stepping