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Research Methods Midterm Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Research Methods Midterm Review
Research Methods Midterm Review
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1
The procedures a researcher uses to manipulate the IV and to measure the DV are
order effects
operational definitions
carryover effects
confounds
2
Comparing the math SAT scores of males versus females is a(n)
quasi-experiment
within-subjects design
between-subjects design
ex post facto design
3
A confounding variable occurs when
when you have more than one DV
when you have more than 10 extraneous variables
any variable, other than the IV, causes your IV levels to differ
when you have more than one IV
4
If you rely on your own ideas and personal judgments to make decisions about how the world works, you are using
science
authority
data
intuition
5
The process by which scientists with expertise in a particular field assess a study before it is published
program evaluation
applied research
temporal precedence
peer review
6
One way to control for participant expectations is to use ____.
a double blind study
all of these
a single blind study
deception
7
_____ validity concerns whether the methods of studying variables are accurate.
Linear
Internal
Construct
External
8
Brian is studying how different environments affect exam performance. In this study, exam performance is the
IV
confound
DV
extraneous variable
9
Which journal article most likely represents an example of a
basic
(as opposed to applied) research study?
"Buying behavior: The influence of item shelf placement in retail grocery"
"Increasing knowledge of dangers in the home: A tri-state phone survey"
"The effect of self-awareness on a cognitive reasoning task"
"A peer tutoring program as a method to increase cultural sensitivity"
10
What is the Independent Variable?
the group that does not receive the treatment
all of the individuals in the group being tested
the factor the researcher manipulates
the group that receives the treatment
11
The statement "Students in quiet rooms do better on math tests than those in noisy rooms" is ___ behavior.
understanding
describing
explaining
predicting
12
If participants are in only one level of your experiment, it's a __ design. If they're in all levels, it's a __ design.
dependent; independent
within-subjects; between-subjects
between-subjects; repeated measures
repeated measures; between-subjects
13
To control order effects in a repeated measures design you should
use a placebo
counterbalance
use random assignment
use an independent groups design
14
What is experimenter bias?
when confounds occur
the behavior that is measured in the experiment
when the researcher influences the outcome a study
research in which people dont know which group they are in
15
To eliminate expectancy effects from both the researcher and the participant, use
a double-blind procedure
counterbalancing
repeated measures
a single-blind procedure
16
Bo claims his study shows that red heads are more helpful than blondes, but in reality there is no difference. Bo made a
Type II error
confound
Type I error
validity error
17
"Participants who drink 3 cups of coffee will perform faster than those who drink no coffee." This statement is a:
Observation
Test
Hypothesis
Theory
18
Ty compared anxiety levels of people who drank 3 cups of coffee with those who drank one. What result should he report?
there is no difference between the two groups
those who drank 1 cup of coffee were more anxious
there is no significant difference between the two groups
those who drank 3 cups of coffee were more anxious
19
If Alex conducted an internally valid experiment and found a significant difference between his groups, then he
can say that the DV causes the change in the IV.
cannot generalize his results.
can say that the IV causes the change in the DV.
cannot talk about cause and effect.
20
Morgan is investigating the effects of exercise on weight. What is her IV?
weight
exercise
exercise and weight
any confounds present
21
A good scientist should
be skeptical and open-minded
trust their own ideas enough to hold on to them no matter what
not be open-minded
not be skeptical
22
If you keep taking the same personality inventory but keep getting different results, the test has poor
internal validity
external validity
reactivity
reliability
23
If Bee randomly assigns her subjects to 2 groups and 1/3 of her experimental group drops out, she has a problem with
volunteer bias
attrition
testing
regression to the mean
24
If more heart surgeons than dermatologists are sued for malpractice, does that mean heart surgeons are less competent?
No, because there are more heart surgeons than dermatologists.
Yes, if the difference is statistically significant.
Yes, if the same number of heart surgeons and dermatologists are compared.
No, because being sued is confounded with the risk of the doctors' work.
25
What is the IV?
Celsius
temperature
minutes
time
26
Improvement of performance as a result of repeated exposure to a task is referred to as a _____ effect.
practice
fatigue
confound
order
27
A claim without evidence that a product will enhance a person's memory, relieve depression, or treat autism is
antiscience
All of these answers are correct.
pseudoscience
a confound
28
Do you have to have a control group in an experiment?
Yes
No
29
Jo is studying how exam grades are affected by 2 different exam review methods (Quiz vs. a review lecture). The IV is
exam grades
the review lecture
exam review method
Kahoot
30
A researcher interested in establishing that there is a causal relationship between variables is most interested in ____
internal validity
linear validity
construct validity
external validity
31
What is a "sample"?
the average
subgroup of the population that participates in the study
predictions of how two factors are related
all of the individuals in the group
32
Demand characteristics are
factors that cause differences between variables
when the researcher influences the outcome of the experiment
when participants ask to drop out of your study
ideas participants have about the purpose of the study
33
Create a __ by randomly dividing pairs of subjects, who are equal on some extraneous variable, between your IV levels.
repeated measures design
within-subjects design
between-subjects design
matched pairs design
34
In drug research, a __ occurs when it's unclear whether improvement is due to the drug or expectations about the drug.
attrition effect
order effect
placebo effect
ceiling effect
35
If you let your participants decide which level of your IV to be in, a(n) ____ is likely to result.
expectancy effect
attrition effect
demand characteristic
selection bias
36
A review article is
a secondary source
never peer-reviewed
a primary source
not a good place to go for information on a topic that's new to you
37
Experimental control is accomplished by
keeping all extraneous variables constant
using a control group as a standard to measure against
using careful operational definitions
paying attention to the sensitivities of the participants
38
Replication of experiments
is necessary for scientific progress
is only done when the scientist who did the original research is new
should only be done when the results have been politically unpopular
is a waste of time and money
39
If you are comparing the math SAT scores of males versus females, your research
is not an experiment
has two levels of the IV
can make causal statements about behavior
can not be graphed
40
Cause and effect relationships can only be established by
a quasi-experiment
a case study
an experiment
a correlational study
41
What is a "Population"?
the percentage of scores at or below a particular score
an orderly arrangement of scores indicating the frequency
all individuals in the group to which the study applies
all the people in your study
42
In science, we pretty much never use the word
prediction
knowledge
prove
theory
43
What is the control group?
subgroup of the population that participates in the study
all of the individuals in the group
the comparison group to which no treatment is given
the group that treatment is given to
44
Which of the following does NOT increase the likelihood of internal validity?
Use of a pretest
Use of control for extraneous variables
Use of experimental control
Use of random assignment
45
When the results of a study can be generalized to other subject populations, the study is said to have
statistical significance
construct validity
internal validity
external validity
46
If you are comparing the math SAT scores of males versus females, you will analyze this data with
correlation
a t-test
none of these is correct
Chi-Square test
47
_____ is the idea that knowledge is based on observations.
empiricism
an operational definition
falsifiability
skepticism
48
Why would an investigator use more than one dependent variable?
It eliminates the problem of demand characteristics.
All of these answers are correct.
It increases the complexity of the design and looks more impressive.
It is useful to know if the IV affects some measures but not others.
49
Accepting the information in a professor's lecture without considering the credibility of it exemplifies a belief in
authority
intuition
scientific evidence
skepticism
50
Volunteer bias can cause a problem with
all of these answers are correct
generalization
internal validity
external validity
