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Evolution and population genetics OL Flashcards | StudBud
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Evolution and population genetics OL
Evolution and population genetics OL
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#natural selection
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1
What is the selective pressure shown below?
tounge length
food source
number of spots
long necks
2
What are transitional fossils?
Fossils in between species
Dinosaurs
Fossils that show diversity
Fossils that are the missing link between species.
3
Which two organisms are least related
Sea Star and Human
Sea Cucumber and Sea Urchin
Brittle Star and Sea Star
Human and Sea Urchin
4
What would be a favorable trait for a rabbit trying to avoid predators in a snowy environment?
white fur
brown fur
short ears
long ears
5
What does survival of the fittest mean?
The faster you are the more likely you will survive
Better adapted to the environment the more likely to survive
The stronger you are the more likely to survive
6
Adaptive radiation is also known as...
Gradualism
Sympatric speciation
Convergent evolution
Divergent evolution
7
Gradualism is a theory of evolution that suggests that changes occur slowly over time.
The bottom image illustrates gradualism
Neither image illustrates gradualism
Both images illustrate gradualism
The top image illustrates gradualism
8
When two species live in the same area but reproduce at different times
temporal isolation
geographic isolation
mechanical isolation
ecological isolation
9
Darwin's theory of evolution is supported by
embryology.
[all of the other options]
fossil evidence.
DNA evidence.
10
In a muddy pool, light-colored fish are more likely to be eaten than dark fish. Dark color is
artificial selection.
fossil evidence.
an adaptation.
[none of the other options]
11
Which is an example of artificial selection?
Mrs. W picking the best dog breeds for her new puppy
Insects with camouflage live to make babies
Your cat mating with a stray down the road
Bird's beaks adjusting to the new flower shape
12
In natural selection, humans select the variations of traits to be passed down to offspring.
true
false
13
What is divergent evolution?
organisms evolving from a common ancestor
organisms not sharing common ancestor;evolving dependently
organisms not sharing common ancestor;evolving independently
none of the above
14
Biogeography is the study of ...
the distribution of plants and animals in particular areas
mountain ranges and rivers
fossil types and their relation to living organisms
islands and their distances from continents
15
The introduction of new alleles into a population through migration
gene flow
genetic drift
variation
mutation
16
Structures shared by organisms that come from a common ancestor are called
homologous structures.
embryonic similarities.
vestigial structures.
analogous structures.
17
What is a cladogram?
a branching diagram showing the relationship between a number of species
A step by step on how to build a car
A map showing where you can find animals
A paper with the alphabet on it
18
Both bats and mosquitoes have wings. Wings are an example of
analogous structures.
homologous structures.
[all of the other options]
vestigial structures.
19
The squirrel populations are separated by a river. The mechanism of reproductive isolation is
temporal
geographic
mechanical
behavioral
20
Pattern of evolution that results in rapid speciation when new niches open ie. Age of Mammals
Coevolution
Punctuated equilibrium
Adaptive radiation
Convergent evolution
21
A form of genetic drift that occurs when a small subset of a population migrates to a new area
Founder effect
non-random mating
directional selection
22
The random change in allele frequency due to fire or natural disaster or population bottleneck
random mating
variation
disruptive selection
genetic drift
23
How well an organism survives and reproduces in its environment can be described as its
fitness.
homologous structure.
analogous structure.
common descent.
24
In Darwin's time, many people thought Earth was formed just a few thousand years ago.
false
true
25
How do we get new traits in a population?
Sexual reproduction
Animals choose traits that suit them
Mutations
Natural selection
26
An inherited characteristic that increases an organism's ability to survive & reproduce is
a homologous structure.
a vestigial structure.
an analogous structure.
an adaptation.
27
Peppered moths vary in color from light gray to black. In an area without factories, we expect
equal numbers of light and dark moths.
no moths.
mostly light moths.
mostly dark moths.
28
In addition to living species, Darwin studied the preserved remains of ancient organisms called
vestigial structures.
adaptations.
homologous structures.
fossils.
29
Courtship rituals by one species maintain reproductive isolation by
mechanical isolation
behavioral isolation
temporal isolation
ecological isolation
30
Convergent evolution
The process by which a single species evolves different traits over time
The process by which different species evolve similar traits independently
A process that a species loses traits & converges with its original form
Evolution that happens rapidly in short bursts
31
Adaptations are ......
something that kills the animal
not very useful
something that helps an animal to survive
useful
32
A group of related organisms that naturally breed to produce fertile offspring
species
gene pool
community
niche
33
Which of the following is NOT part of the main principles of natural selection?
overproduction
descent with modification
Inheritance of acquired characteristics
Adaptation
34
According to Darwin's idea of natural selection, survival is based on
characteristics that breeders want
how fast they can run or high they can jump
their ability to hide
variations best suited for their environment
35
Which is NOT part of Darwin's theory of evolution?
common descent
acquired traits
natural selection
variations and adaptations
36
Coevolution is
Organisms living in similar conditions evolve similarities
a change over time
2 or more related species become less similar
as one organism evolves, another evolves with it
37
Body parts that are used for the same function but are NOT the same structure are called
vestigial structures.
homologous structures.
analogous structures.
embryonic similarities.
38
Which layer of rock is the oldest?
Layer 1 is the oldest
Layer 2 is the oldest
Layer 3 is the oldest
Layer 4 is the oldest
39
The sum of all of the alleles for a genetic trait in a population
allele frequency
inheritance
genetics
gene pool
40
Gene flow is
Movement of individuals in and out of a population
All of the individuals in a population
The variety of genes in a population
The ability of genes to leave a population
41
Which of these would an animal breeder use to increase the number of cows giving the most milk?
acquired traits
natural selection
artificial selection
overproduction
42
Body parts that have little/no purpose are called
embryonic similarities.
vestigial structures.
homologous structures.
analogous structures.
43
All would be conditions that satisfy Hardy Weinberg EXCEPT
no mutation
natural selection
random mating
no gene flow
44
Natural selection acts on
genotype
silent mutations
phenotype
color
45
In this cladogram, which species are tetrapods?
Birds, prosimians, and humans
Prosimians and humans
Amphibians, birds, prosimians, and humans
Fish, amphibians, birds, and prosimians
