Which of the following best describes the directionality of an amino acid

Location of the amino acid and carboxyl functional group

The cytoplasm is best described as the

Semi-fluid substance in which organelles are suspended

Glucose has four main fates, which is not one of the fates

Glucose is transformed into sucrose

The limit of resolution can best be defined as the;

Distance two objects must be apart to be distinguished as separate objects

Chemotrophs get their energy by:

Oxidizing chemical bonds in molecules (organic and inorganic)

The Latin phrase “omniscience’s cellula e cellula” is best translated to

All cells arise from pre-existing cells

Which of the following is not a tenant of the cell theory

All cells have a membrane- bound nucleus

Which is not one of Schwann’s cell theory principles

All cells arise from only pre-existing cells

Which statement regarding DNA structure is incorrect

The general double helix structure of DNA is universal (except viruses)

When utilizing fats as energy sources, glycerol portions enter___ after conversion to ___

Glycolysis; dihydroxacytatone phosphate

Which of the following is true with regard to water movement in osmosis

Hypotonic to hypertonic solutions

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Cell bio final practice part 1

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Answers

1
Which of the following best describes the directionality of an amino acid
Location of the amino acid and carboxyl functional group
Levoratatory or dextrorotatory
The R group
An asymmetric carbon
2
Competitive irreversible enzyme inhibitor: directly bonds to a specific active site;not easily released from active site
True
False
3
Which of the following biological polymers is mismatch with its monomer?
Cellulose- amino acid
Enzyme- Amino acid
DNA- Nucleotide
Chitin- monosaccharide
4
Organic chemistry is the study of the chemistry of living things
False
True
5
The form of energy that is available to living organisms is the form of
Clutches
Sunlight
Radiation
Chemical bond
6
The microscope that will allow you to observe the direct 3D shape of DNA molecule is:
Scanning electron microscope
Light microscope
Transmission electron microscope
Phase contrast microscope
7
The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate by a cell is an example of a(n) ____ reaction
Catatonic
Embolic
Anabolic
Catabolic
8
The cytoplasm is best described as the
Semi-fluid substance in which organelles are suspended
3D array of interconnected filaments
Fluid within the nucleus
Internal contents of organelles
9
Primary structure of a protein is important both genetically and structurally
True
False
10
When dissolved in water, sodium and potassium are considered solutes
False
True
11
All of the following are associated with substrate on activation except
Neutron transfer
Bond distortion
Electron transfer
Proton transfer
12
Which of the following is true of NAT+
It releases an adenosine to become NADH
It is derived from vitamin E
It represents the reduced form of niacin
It is a coenzyme
13
An enzyme is a catalyst
True
False
14
Which three letter abbreviation of an amino acid is not correctly paired with its one-letter abbreviation
Pro- p
Glu- E
Met- M
Arg- A
15
Enzymes are destroyed after being used in a reaction
False
True
16
What type of work is involved in the formation of new chemical bonds and the synthesis of new molecules
Concentration
Electrical work
Mechanical
Synthetic work
17
Which of the following types of work involves a change in position of the cell or structure
Synthetic
Bioluminescent
Mechanical
Electrical
18
Glucose has four main fates, which is not one of the fates
Glucose is transformed into sucrose
Glucose is catabolized to carbon dioxide and water
Glucose is converted to lactate
Glucose is used to synthesize glycogen
19
The total energy stored within a system is called:
Thermodynamics
Internal energy
Equilibrium constant
External energy
20
The limit of resolution can best be defined as the;
Distance two objects must be apart to be distinguished as separate objects
Inverse wavelength of light- greatest for black light
Solvent that must be available to remix a solution
The magnification power of microscope
21
Cell biology emerged from which of the following fields of biology
Genetics
All of the above
Biochemistry
Cytology
22
What is water’s most critical property
Cohesiveness
Temperature- stabilizing capacity
Polarity
Solvent properties
23
Which of the following is not a major functional class of proteins
Trifunctional protein
Regulatory proteins
Motility
Enzymes
24
The Na/K pump actively moves ___ out and ___ in
3 Na+ / 3K + in
3 Na + out/ 2 K+ in
2 Na+ out / 2 K+ in
2 Na+ out / 2 K+ in
25
Watson and Crick proposed the double helix of DNA, who assisted?
Ohm
Franklin
Fermat
Einstein
26
In 1665,______ used a microscope that he had built to examine thin slices of____
Antoine van Leeuwenhoek; sperm cells
Rudolf Virchow; collagen
Robert Hooke; cork
Robert brown; plant material
27
Chemotrophs get their energy by:
Capture light energy from the sun and transform it into chemical energy
Ingest and use chemical compounds to provide both energy and carbon
Use solar energy to produce all the carbon compounds they need to form CO2
Oxidizing chemical bonds in molecules (organic and inorganic)
28
Louis Pasteur’s experiments with yeast lead to the discovery of _____
Cells
Macromolecules
Enzymes
Genetics
29
The Latin phrase “omniscience’s cellula e cellula” is best translated to
The cell is the basic unit of structure
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
Tissues are composed of similar cells
Cells generally are found in clusters
30
Which of the following is not a tenant of the cell theory
The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms
All cells arise from preexisting cells
All cells have a membrane- bound nucleus
All organisms consist of one or more cells
31
Which of the following is an example of a defense protein
Antibody
Cell surface receptor
Keratin
Hormone
32
Only D-amino acids can function in the human body
True
False
33
Which of the following is not a polymer
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nuclei acid
Proteins
34
How many essential amino acids are there
5
21
14
9
35
Which of the following is not a base in DNA?
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil
Guanine
36
Which is not one of Schwann’s cell theory principles
All cells arise from only pre-existing cells
All organisms consist of one or more cells
The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms
37
The site on an enzyme that will bind to a substrate
Allosteric site
Catalyst site
Active site
Organic site
38
Based on the composition of cell membrane, the most prominent lipids are
Phospholipid
Glycolipids
Triaclyglycerols
Steroids
39
Which statement regarding DNA structure is incorrect
DNA contains the nitrogenous baes, adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
nitrogenous bases of two strands are linked by hydrogen bonds
The general double helix structure of DNA is universal (except viruses)
DNA is anti parallel
40
Of the following molecules, which would not be expected to be moved across a membrane through simple diffusion
Glucose
Oxygen
Ethanol
Glycerol
41
Which of the following is not an example of facilitated diffusion
Channel proteins
Oxygen transport
Glut 1 glucose transport
Anion exchange protein
42
In the kidney the specialized transport proteins that allow for very rapid fluid movement into or out of the cell
ATPase
Lipoprotein
Aquaporins
Hemoglobin
43
The type of inhibitor that bins to the enzyme (E) somewhere other than the active site is a(n)
Uncompetitive
Competing
Coenzyme
Noncompetitive
44
Which organelle has only a single membrane around it
Ribosome
Peroxisome
Nucleus
Mitochondria
45
Transcription is carried out through the use of RNA polymerase
True
False
46
The movement of water through a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Hydration
Hydrophilic
Dehydration
Osmosis
47
When utilizing fats as energy sources, glycerol portions enter___ after conversion to ___
Glycolysis; dihydroxacytatone phosphate
TCA cycle; fructose- 6- phosphate
Glycolysis; acetyl-CoA
TCA cycle; pyruvate
48
Which of the following is true with regard to water movement in osmosis
Hypertonic to isotonic solutions
Hypotonic to hypertonic solutions
Hypertonic to hypotonic solutions
Isotonic to hypotonic solutions
49
Which of the following is an informational macromolecule?
DNA
Polypeptide
ATP
Starch
50
The most observable difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that eukaryotes have a membrane- bound nucleus
True
False
51
In which organelle would you expect to find the protein just after it is produced in the rough RE
Endoscope
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Nucleus
52
Based on the composition of cell membranes, the most prominent lipids are
Phospholipids
Glycolipids
Triglycerides
Steroids
53
How many enzymes steps are involved in converting glucose to pyruvate
3
7
12
10
54
Spheres of hydration from between the water and the ions allowing NaCl to dissolve so readily in water
False
True
55
Which of the following is a disaccharide
Galactose
Fructose
Anylose
Lactose
56
Major structural elements of the cytoskeleton are:
Microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments
The cytoplasm and cytoskeleton
The extra cellular matrix and the cell wall
Cleavage furrows and G-actin
57
Why are mitochondria so prevalent in skeletal muscles
They give the muscle enough elasticity to contract
Bones and muscle require a lot of energy
They are needed to provide energy for muscle contraction
They are needed to repair damage tissue that accumulates during exercise
58
Which of the following can only be viewed by electron microscope
Mitochondria
Frog eggs
Viruses
Nuclei
59
Early microscopes did not allow clear visualization of cells because they were limited by:
Both resolution and refraction
Resolution
Refraction
Magnification
60
Excessive fat catabolism can result in ______
Ketoacidosis
Upregulation of the citric acid cycle
Accumulation of acetyl CoA
Improved endurance performance
61
The movement of water form high concentration to low concentration is known as
Diffusion
Tonicity
Osmosis
Active transport
62
Which type of energy is the most capable of breaking a chemical bond in DNA
None of the above
Ultraviolet
Infrared
Visible light
63
What is the main role in a catalyst
Increase the speed at which a reactant is consumed
Lower activation energy required to break a bond
Change the structure of a chemical bond
Increase the amount of products produced
64
The N-terminus of a polypeptide is the end with the amino acid
True
False
65
A microtome is used to
View microscopic organisms
Dissect cellular organelles
Slice thin sections of speicmens
Focus short wavelength of light
66
In all organisms, active transport across a membrane requires a(n)
Symmetric distribution of ions across a membrane
Asymmetric distribution of ions across a membrane
67
The primary structure of a protein
Is important for determining the secondary and tertiary structure
Is simply the order of amino acids from one end of the protein to another
Linear sequence of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds
All the above
68
Oxidation in biological systems is usually accompanied by ___
Hydrogenation
Dehydrogenation
Resonance stablization
Repulsion
69
How are monosaccharides classified
Based on the number of glucose molecules
Bases on the number of carbons
Based on the number of hydrogen bonds
Based on the number of temperature resistance
70
The process by which a plasma membrane invaginates to create a vehicle around a substance befe transporting it into cell
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Diffusion
Passive diffusion
71
A sick person often has a fever, which can inhibit the growth of bacteria
Bacteria reproduce more rapidly at higher body temp
Enzymes do not function as well at temperatures other than optimal temp
Fever blocks synthesis of proteins in the bacterial nucleus
Higher temp increases activity lyases
72
Hydrolysis involves;
Removing hydrogen from the reaction to break bonds
Removing water from the reaction to break bonds
Adding water to the reaction to break bonds
Adding hydrogen to the reaction to break bonds
73
Gregor Mendel was most influential in which field of biology
Biochemistry
Cytology
Chromatography
Genetics
74
Correct steps: observations, hypothesis, design experiment, collect data, interpret results, conclusions.
False
True
75
Which chemical bond is most stable
Carbon- carbon single bond
Carbon- carbon triple bond
Carbon- nitrogen single bond
Carbon-hydrogen bond
76
The chemical reaction that bonds two monosaccharides to form one disaccharide is known as hydrolysis
False
True
77
An enzyme is active in the stomach of an animal, but loses activity when it leaves the stomach: this illustrates what?
The enzyme is sensitive to change in pH
The enzyme was a weak catalyst
The enzyme was not properly bonded to the substrate
The enzyme is sensitive to change in temperature
78
An energy liberating pathway is considered to be ___
Hydrogenation
Catabolic
Metabolic
Anabolic
79
Which of the following statements about polymerization of macromolecules is false?
Often the energy needed is supplied by ATP
The polymer chain usually has two different ends
Macromolecules are synthesized by stepwise addition of monomers
Water is added to join the monomers off the macromolecules
80
Which of these are function of cortisol?
3. To act as an enzyme
4. Only 1 & 2
1. To help inflammation
2. To synthesize glucose
81
The most important aspect of an amino acid is
R group
The amine group
The central carbon
The carboxylic acid group
82
Which of the following is false of brightfield microscope?
Phase-contrast microscopy is a variant of brightfield
Specimens are always viewed without being stained
Light passes through the object being examined
White light is utilized
83
Chemotrophs take in reduced compounds and oxidize them to release their stored energy
False
True
84
Cellulose belongs to which of the following groups of macromolecules
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
85
Which type of microscopy has the greatest resolving power
Electron
Fluorescence
Phase-contrast
Confocal scanning
86
Free energy is the amount of energy in a system that can do useful work
True
False
87
The process of of glucose synthesis is called:
Glucogenesis
Glyconeogensis
Glycolysis
Glycogenesis
88
Smooth ER functions in the synthesis of
DNA
Proteins
Lipids
Polysaccharides
89
An enzyme binds in a manner that facilitates the
Release of a product
Formation of a product
Release of a reactant
Formation of a reactant
90
Which scientist is credited with coining the term cell from the Latin cellulae
Antonio van Leeuwenhoek
Robert Brown
Theodor Schwann
Robert Hook
91
Which of the following is an enzyme
Iron
Carboxypeptidase A
Histidine
ATP
92
Why is a selectively permeable membrane so important to living things
It provides a good barrier between the inside and outside of the cell
The membrane may absorb several times its weight in cholesterol
Proteins will avoid a selectively permeable membrane
It allows cell to attach to adjacent tissue
93
Reduction involves
Gain of electrons
Loss of electrons
Gain of oxygen
Loss of oxygen
94
Which of the following is NOT a fundamental property of carbon
Carbon atoms are most likely to form ionic bonds with one another
Carbon containing molecules are diverse
Carbon containing molecules form stereoisomers
Carbon has a valence of 4
95
Which of the following terms equate to the highest level of scientific certainty
Law
Principle
Theory
Hypothesis
96
Aerobic refers to what property of chemorophs
Chemotrophs do not require sunlight to produce energy
Chemotrophs require oxygen to produce energy
Chemotrophs do not lose energy in the form of heat
Chemotrophs don’t require oxygen to produce energy
97
Trans fats are a type of unsaturated fatty acid that behaves like a saturated fat
False
True
98
Which of the following is a eukaryotic characteristic?
Membrane-bound nucleus
Little processing of RNA
None of the above
Cell fission
99
Why do polar substances such as NaCl dissolve so readily in water?
NaCl is very dry powered and the water is able to soak into salt
Charged ends of H2O molecules surround the oppositely charged Na ions
The sodium ion repel the negative energy of the water molecule
All of these are correct
100
The cell membrane can be described most accurately as:
Permeable to only larger molecules
Permeable to most small molecules but impermeable to larger ones
Permeable to all molecules
Permeable to some molecules, impermeable to others

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