What is Identity and Access Management (IAM)?

Security system to control who can do what

What is SRE (Site Reliability Engineering)?

Uses software to automate system reliability

Why tag cloud resources?

Helps track and manage costs by team or project

Why is structured data easy to analyze?

It follows a consistent tabular schema

What is a service account in cloud IAM?

Identity used by apps/VMs for service access

What is the principle of least privilege?

Users only get access needed for their job

First step in the data value chain?

Data genesis — initial creation

What is the network’s edge?

Where user traffic enters the cloud provider’s network

What are Pub/Sub and Dataflow used for?

Pub/Sub ingests streams, Dataflow processes stream & batch data

What does the ‘Learn’ pillar focus on?

Upskilling teams & cloud fluency

What are the five types of IT infrastructure setups?

On‑prem, private, public, hybrid & multicloud

What is the data value chain?

Creating and using data to generate business value

Why is BigQuery useful?

Fully-managed warehouse with analytics and ML

What is a billing alert?

Notifies when spending passes a threshold

What triggered the shift in the VM Cloud Era?

Businesses shifted from physical servers

What is a relational database?

One that uses tables, rows, columns with schema

How can you reduce latency in cloud apps?

Use edge locations, CDNs, & regional instances

Why is geo-redundancy important?

Protects data from outages and boosts performance

What does Pub/Sub stand for?

Publisher/Subscriber – a messaging model

What is cost optimization in the cloud?

Manage usage to minimize waste & spending

Why is a reliable network critical in hybrid or multicloud?

Ensures secure app/user connectivity

How is Looker different from traditional BI tools?

Web-based, integrates widely, supports self-service data access

Best workload for Bigtable?

High-throughput, low-latency analytics & real-time apps

What is the purpose of monitoring in cloud ops?

Track performance, errors, and uptime

What is Autoclass in Cloud Storage?

Auto-assigns storage class based on access patterns

What are the three types of data management systems discussed?

Databases, Data Warehouses, Data Lakes

Why isn’t migration alone full digital transformation?

Doesn’t rethink work processes

Why is visibility important in cloud security?

Detect threats, monitor performance

Why did Wayfair choose GCP for database migration?

To support scale with minimal disruption & modernization

What are examples of unstructured data?

Text, images, audio, video, logs, IoT outputs

What are examples of streaming data sources?

IoT sensors, clickstreams, stock quotes, social feeds

What is an intelligent data cloud used for?

Closing the gap between data and business value

Benefits of streaming analytics over batch?

Real-time insights, alerts, responsiveness

What does serverless mean in Dataflow?

No infrastructure to manage—Google handles scaling

How is observability different from monitoring?

Understand internal states via logs, metrics, traces

Benefits of multi-region deployment?

Disaster recovery, low latency, high availability

What is encryption at rest?

Protecting stored data automatically with encryption

How can businesses extract value from unstructured data?

Using ML tools and APIs like Vision API

What is the opportunity cost of avoiding cloud?

Slower innovation and lost flexibility

Why is a Trusted Cloud important?

Built-in tools for global threat protection

What is third-party data?

Sold by entities not directly interacting with your business

studbud

Module 2 + Module 1 Questions

187 termsStudBud Administration2 plays

Imported from external platform

Flashcards187 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 187

Answers

1
What is Identity and Access Management (IAM)?
Network bandwidth meter
A type of DNS record
Security system to control who can do what
Tool for backups
2
What is SRE (Site Reliability Engineering)?
Uses software to automate system reliability
Backup naming standard
Vendor assessment policy
Manual log rotation
3
Why tag cloud resources?
Creates audit logs
Helps track and manage costs by team or project
Syncs regions
Blocks new IPs
4
Best storage for data accessed once every 90 days?
Coldline Storage
Bigtable
Firestore
SQL instance
5
Why is structured data easy to analyze?
It comes in images
It uses AI only
It’s audio-based
It follows a consistent tabular schema
6
What is a service account in cloud IAM?
Customer billing profile
Identity used by apps/VMs for service access
Network gateway tag
Admin’s backup login
7
What is the principle of least privilege?
No access until audit
Use one account for all tasks
Grant all access to admins
Users only get access needed for their job
8
First step in the data value chain?
Data genesis — initial creation
API monitoring
Cost modeling
Data disposal
9
What slows down digital transformation?
High customer demand
Fast deployment
Unlimited budgets
Poor data usage & rigid infra
10
What is the network’s edge?
A home router’s firewall
Admin dashboard in the cloud
ISP’s modem location
Where user traffic enters the cloud provider’s network
11
What are Pub/Sub and Dataflow used for?
Store VM snapshots
Pub/Sub ingests streams, Dataflow processes stream & batch data
Transfer DNS zones
Encrypt media files
12
What does the ‘Learn’ pillar focus on?
Upskilling teams & cloud fluency
Launching billing tools
Writing compliance rules
Reducing IT staff
13
What are the five types of IT infrastructure setups?
Public, hybrid only
On‑prem only
Private only
On‑prem, private, public, hybrid & multicloud
14
What is the data value chain?
Creating and using data to generate business value
Billing metrics report
A backup cycle tool
Cloud-based encryption
15
Best SQL-based option for globally scalable transactional data?
Firestore
Bigtable
Cloud Storage
Spanner
16
Why is BigQuery useful?
Document editing
App deployment
VPN tunneling
Fully-managed warehouse with analytics and ML
17
Product recommended for storing unstructured data in GCP?
Cloud Storage
BigQuery
Spanner
Looker
18
What is a billing alert?
Blocks VM snapshots
Notifies when spending passes a threshold
Grants access to logs
Enables API calls
19
What triggered the shift in the VM Cloud Era?
Moving apps to public cloud
Hybrid setups
Businesses shifted from physical servers
Automation adoption
20
What is a relational database?
One that uses tables, rows, columns with schema
Designed for video files
One without schema
Powered by NoSQL
21
How can you reduce latency in cloud apps?
Use edge locations, CDNs, & regional instances
Upgrade CPUs
Add more billing tags
Use larger instances
22
Which services store structured transactional data?
Cloud SQL and Spanner
Firestore
Dataflow
Bigtable
23
What Google Cloud product is a fully-managed data warehouse?
Firestore
Cloud SQL
Spanner
BigQuery
24
Best class for long-term storage with minimal access?
Regional Standard
Archive Storage
Firestore
Bigtable
25
Why is geo-redundancy important?
Blocks public access
Saves coldline costs
Protects data from outages and boosts performance
Helps licensing
26
What does Pub/Sub stand for?
Public Subscription Feed
Publisher/Subscriber – a messaging model
Public/Secure Bus
Push/Subscribe Firewall
27
What is cost optimization in the cloud?
Maximize instance uptime
Encrypt all billing traffic
Reduce app scaling
Manage usage to minimize waste & spending
28
Why is a reliable network critical in hybrid or multicloud?
Enables manual scaling
Reduces electricity cost
Ensures secure app/user connectivity
Increases cloud licenses
29
How is Looker different from traditional BI tools?
Works offline only
Uses Excel macros
Web-based, integrates widely, supports self-service data access
Requires SQL servers
30
Best workload for Bigtable?
High-throughput, low-latency analytics & real-time apps
Static table reads
Cloud dashboard export
Manual DB input
31
Examples of Google Cloud’s relational database products?
Firestore and Looker
Cloud Storage and Datastream
Cloud SQL and Spanner
BigQuery and Bigtable
32
What is digital transformation in business?
Strategic use of modern tech
Buying new hardware
More IT staff
Moving apps to cloud
33
What is the purpose of monitoring in cloud ops?
Add firewall rules
Track performance, errors, and uptime
Manage user passwords
Enable file downloads
34
What is Autoclass in Cloud Storage?
Auto-assigns storage class based on access patterns
Enables SQL migration
Balances bucket costs
Encrypts databases
35
What are the three types of data management systems discussed?
Structured, Semi-structured, Unstructured
Unstructured data
BigQuery
Databases, Data Warehouses, Data Lakes
36
Why isn’t migration alone full digital transformation?
Uses more staff
Is expensive
Doesn’t rethink work processes
Improves customer value
37
Why is visibility important in cloud security?
Report license expirations
Track app usage for billing
Test latency via ping
Detect threats, monitor performance
38
Why did Wayfair choose GCP for database migration?
To replace Firestore
For VPN setup
To host internal email
To support scale with minimal disruption & modernization
39
What are examples of unstructured data?
Tables and rows
Text, images, audio, video, logs, IoT outputs
Databases and schemas
Dashboards and charts
40
What are examples of streaming data sources?
IAM logs
Network ports
IoT sensors, clickstreams, stock quotes, social feeds
Cold storage
41
What is an intelligent data cloud used for?
VM migration
Encrypting analytics
Closing the gap between data and business value
Cloud migration
42
Benefits of streaming analytics over batch?
Offline access
Preloaded dashboards
Real-time insights, alerts, responsiveness
Lower storage cost
43
What does serverless mean in Dataflow?
Self-hosted workflows
No login required
No infrastructure to manage—Google handles scaling
Free of all costs
44
How is observability different from monitoring?
Understand internal states via logs, metrics, traces
It adds user feedback
It tracks disk usage only
It just checks uptime
45
Benefits of multi-region deployment?
Cheaper licensing
Higher security only
Disaster recovery, low latency, high availability
No compliance needed
46
What is encryption at rest?
Firewall for IAM
Protecting stored data automatically with encryption
Encrypting data in transit
Requiring user login
47
How can businesses extract value from unstructured data?
Moving to Cloud SQL
Writing SQL queries
Using ML tools and APIs like Vision API
Reducing backups
48
What is the opportunity cost of avoiding cloud?
Slower innovation and lost flexibility
Less internet usage
Improved local performance
Lower monthly costs
49
Why is a Trusted Cloud important?
Prioritizes only uptime
Built-in tools for global threat protection
Requires zero compliance
No innovation support
50
Correct storage solution for quarterly sales reports?
MemoryStore
Archive storage
Firestore
Coldline storage
51
What is third-party data?
Sold by entities not directly interacting with your business
Private team chats
VM telemetry only
Direct user surveys
52
Why use microservices?
Increase vendor lock-in
Slow app delivery
Reduce app uptime
Improve scalability and team agility
53
Why use streaming over batch analytics?
To improve SQL speed
To act in real time vs waiting on delayed reports
To cache IAM roles
To reduce disk space
54
Why is autoscaling good for cost control?
Keeps apps offline
Doubles peak usage
Forces flat billing
Matches resource use to actual need
55
Which product is used for SQL-based analytical workloads at scale?
Firestore
Cloud Storage
Cloud SQL
BigQuery
56
What is a committed use discount?
Discount for committing to 1 or 3 years of use
Cost per login session
Storage encryption coupon
Signup incentive
57
What are hidden costs of on-prem infrastructure?
SaaS license sharing
Free upgrades from vendors
Power, cooling, staffing, downtime
Unlimited cloud storage
58
What is Firestore?
Archive tier tool
Image labeling API
NoSQL doc DB for real-time sync and offline access
SQL backup manager
59
How does encryption enhance cloud security?
Prevents billing fraud
Optimizes CPU usage
Protects data in transit and at rest
Blocks IP addresses
60
Best option for storing large media files?
Firestore
Cloud Storage
BigQuery
Cloud SQL
61
GCP product that migrates SQL databases with minimal downtime?
Looker Studio
Dataflow
App Engine
Database Migration Service (DMS)
62
What is fault tolerance?
Overwrites corrupt logs
Makes apps load slower
System works even when parts fail
Reduces billing speed
63
How does cloud improve procurement?
Wait weeks for approvals
Needs hardware shipping first
Users can launch resources instantly
Require vendor site visits
64
What third-party data is available via GCP Marketplace?
Social media feeds
Weather forecasts only
Gov, nonprofit, academic, industry datasets
None
65
What is Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)?
Private cloud tracker
Cloud billing system
Static content engine
Managed Kubernetes for scalable container deployment
66
What is resource hierarchy in GCP?
VM > User > Group > Role
Folder > Bucket > Region > Key
Org > Folder > Project > Resource structure
Org > Admin > IP > User
67
What are stages of digital transformation maturity?
Trial → Repeat → Shutdown
Plan → Build → Pause
Experiment → Transform → Lead in innovation
Invest → Scale down → Rethink
68
How can BigQuery support multi-cloud strategies?
Clones SQL servers
Moves Cloud SQL to Bigtable
It analyzes data across different cloud providers
Stores multi-region PDFs
69
Purpose of object storage in Cloud Storage?
Store binary files like video/audio with metadata
Encrypt IAM logs
Compress backups
Stream live events
70
What are containers in cloud computing?
Admin permission sets
CDN storage disks
Virtual routers
Code packages that run consistently across environments
71
How does cloud flexibility help businesses?
Blocks mobile access
Requires local datacenters
Forces fixed capacity use
Adapt to demand quickly from anywhere
72
What is the Google Cloud Adoption Framework?
A backup-only tool
A roadmap to align cloud with business goals
A billing calculator
A legacy cloud migration guide
73
What are Capital Expenditures (CapEx)?
Monthly SaaS costs
Subscription fees
Developer training funds
Upfront infrastructure investments
74
Product ideal for unstructured data with URL-based access?
Cloud SQL
Spanner
Cloud Storage
Bigtable
75
What is Cloud Logging?
DNS label service
Storage backup folder
Centralized log system for audit & analysis
User login manager
76
What is a VPC?
Virtual network to securely connect resources
File system for containers
Private VPN gateway
Cloud backup service
77
What are zones and regions in cloud?
Zones are billing units
Each region is one server
Regions have isolated zones for fault tolerance
Zones are for training only
78
What is Cloud Monitoring?
Cloud migration toolkit
VPN tracker for users
Container orchestration app
GCP tool for metrics, dashboards, alerts
79
Which product is ideal for real-time NoSQL data syncing?
Cloud SQL
Firestore
Spanner
BigQuery
80
What does the ‘Secure’ pillar focus on?
Hiring cloud sales staff
Integrating security & compliance
Budgeting tools
Only building apps
81
Why is cloud computing cost-effective?
High upfront hardware cost
Only pay for what you use
Buy more servers each year
Fixed monthly hardware fee
82
What is serverless architecture?
Code runs without managing infrastructure
Cloud costs are fixed
Only works offline
Requires physical servers
83
What language is used to query relational databases?
YAML
NoSQL
HTML
SQL (Structured Query Language)
84
What is a managed database migration?
Static VM migration
Migrating to fully-managed DBs with possible structure changes
Moving CSV files
Manual FTP moves
85
What are the benefits of public cloud?
Owning hardware
Pay‑as‑you‑go pricing
No need for providers
Fixed capacity
86
How does cloud improve security posture?
Full client-side defense
Public internet protection only
Manual firewall updates
Enterprise-grade security & monitoring
87
Why is unlocking data value key to digital transformation?
Insights often require combining different types of data
Data costs drop
Uptime improves
It prevents vendor lock-in
88
What is policy as code?
Share policies via email
Store IAM policies in documents
Define/enforce rules using code
Manage budgets in YAML
89
Why use a multicloud strategy?
All-in-one provider
Avoid all cloud use
Reduce vendor lock‑in
Maximize vendor dependency
90
What tools support IaC?
Terraform, Deployment Manager, CloudFormation
Notepad, Paint, Excel
Ansible, Slack, Jenkins
MySQL, PowerShell, GitHub
91
What is CI/CD in cloud development?
Using manual test scripts
Git backup system
Building in Excel
Automated pipelines for testing & delivery
92
What are microservices?
Small user access policies
Apps split into independent deployable services
A new form of IaaS
Lightweight firewalls
93
Why are containers popular?
Fixed RAM usage
Portability, fast startup, efficiency
Long boot times
Low security, high latency
94
What are the pillars of the Cloud Adoption Framework?
Plan, Budget, Staff, Train
Cost, Usage, Risk, Time
Learn, Lead, Scale, Secure
Build, Run, Own, Support
95
When choose Spanner over Cloud SQL?
Need global scale, strong consistency, zero downtime updates
Want offline mode
Want user dashboards
Need cheaper NoSQL
96
What cloud feature helps extract structure from unstructured data?
Structured data
Google Cloud’s Vision API
Transactions vs analysis
BigQuery
97
What are SLOs, SLIs, and SLAs?
Metrics & goals for service performance
API endpoint errors
IAM group policies
Storage encryption tools
98
What is horizontal scaling?
Increasing disk speed
Adding RAM to one machine
Using faster cables
Adding instances to distribute load
99
How does cloud change cost recognition?
Moves to CapEx only
Infra becomes a flexible service
Requires prepaying for servers
Increases fixed asset spending
100
How does BigQuery integrate with other tools?
Hosts Firestore tables
Stores VM logs
Works with Looker, Vertex AI, import/export datasets
Pauses IAM roles
101
How does Google Cloud support data migration?
With tools like DMS and Datastream
Through Looker dashboards
By enabling SSH
Using CDN zones
102
Good use case for Bigtable?
Archiving docs
Time-series data like server performance metrics
SQL billing reports
Streaming video
103
What type of migration is ‘lift and shift’?
Building cloud-native apps
Moving databases to cloud without changing type
Switching to NoSQL
Encrypting backups
104
What role do ISPs play in cloud access?
Connect devices to cloud by routing traffic
Secure user accounts
Sell domain names
Manage encryption keys
105
What is Cloud Run?
VPN configuration tool
Fully managed platform to run auto-scaling containers
Batch job scheduler
Serverless email manager
106
What is first-party data?
Bought from brokers
Always encrypted
Collected directly from users or transactions
Stored in CSV
107
How does digital transformation help organizations?
Enables automation & collaboration
Requires only migrations
Removes customer value
Lowers staff count
108
What is Looker?
Data lake browser
Database migration engine
BI tool to create dashboards and share insights
Coldline tier editor
109
What is DevOps?
Practice of merging dev & ops for faster delivery
Security operations team
DNS tuning strategy
VM autoscaling method
110
What is the main function of a data warehouse?
Control VM networks
Analyze structured/semi-structured data from many sources
Store unstructured video files
Real-time app syncing
111
What is BigQuery used for?
Analyzing petabyte-scale structured and semi-structured data with SQL
Password rotation
VPN configuration
Migrating VMs
112
What does data governance mean?
Setting policies for collecting, storing, using, and disposing of data
Assigning IAM roles
Deleting unused files
Updating firewall settings
113
What is Apache Beam?
VPN policy manager
Open-source model for defining and running data pipelines
SQL dashboard
CDN for data export
114
Example of unstructured data analysis for brand sentiment?
Analyze social posts using ML and NLP
Enable firewall logs
Query sales totals
Generate PDF exports
115
Why use multiple zones?
Add users to IAM faster
Ensure uptime during failures
Save network bandwidth
Encrypt APIs automatically
116
Why are SLAs important in cloud?
Define expectations for uptime and support
Set salaries for admins
Limit storage space
Define user bandwidth
117
What is a private cloud?
Open internet cloud
On‑prem only
Shared public cloud
Dedicated cloud for one org with control & compliance
118
How does Dataflow simplify pipeline management?
Reduces billing
Combines batch & stream in fully-managed setup
Requires less SQL
Combines IAM and VPN
119
According to Gartner, what % of new enterprise data is unstructured?
80% to 90%
Removing analysis barriers
Google Cloud’s Vision API
Semi-structured data
120
How does public cloud differ from private cloud?
Not scalable
Dedicated to one org
Must own all servers
Uses shared infra by providers, scalable w/o owning hardware
121
What does it mean when we say “the cloud is a metaphor”?
It’s a hardware device
Apps run on global data centers
It’s only on-prem resources
It’s just marketing
122
Common use of Firestore?
SQL dashboards
Real-time sync with offline access for mobile/web apps
Static page hosting
Cold backups
123
What is a common challenge with extracting value from data?
Semi-structured data
Removing barriers to access and analyzing unstructured data
Transactions vs analysis
80% to 90%
124
Benefits of data governance?
Server upgrades
More spreadsheets
Data quality, better decisions, compliance, trust, risk mgmt
Manual workflows
125
Benefit of Autoclass in Cloud Storage?
Automatically optimizes storage cost via access patterns
Encrypts SQL queries
Provides IAM roles
Enables faster CDN
126
What distinguishes a non-relational (NoSQL) database?
Built only for video
Used only with SQL
Flexible schema, good for changing/diverse data
Requires fixed table structure
127
What service lifts and shifts SQL Server databases to GCP?
Cloud SQL with Database Migration Service
BigQuery
Looker
Firestore
128
Which product stores unstructured data like videos/images?
Looker
Cloud Storage
Spanner
BigQuery
129
What’s a common challenge with unstructured data?
It’s too structured
Stored in Firestore
It’s historically difficult and costly to analyze
Requires SQL
130
What is hybrid cloud used for?
Only on‑prem legacy
Combining on‑prem & cloud for flexibility
Sharing hardware publicly
Just for backups
131
Why is automation important in cloud ops?
Makes apps run faster
Increases consistency & reduces errors
Adds more servers
Reduces coding time
132
Why are data lakes valuable for raw data?
Prevent bias and allow later combination/analysis
Store HTML only
Limit data exposure
Only store structured rows
133
What is Bigtable?
Google’s NoSQL big data service for analytics, IoT, finance
IAM controller
VPN tunnel manager
Object image renderer
134
Which product is ideal for global SQL transactional workloads?
Spanner
Firestore
BigQuery
Dataflow
135
What is sustainable technology in cloud?
Energy from diesel backup
Cloud solutions using clean energy
Offline-first software
Hardware-only focus
136
How does cloud computing enable agility?
Forces large up-front costs
Uses manual provisioning
Rapid app dev without infra delays
Delays experimentation
137
What is the purpose of Looker?
Business intelligence for exploring, visualizing, sharing data
Data migration tool
Backup service
Streaming engine
138
What data has tags or metadata to help with analysis?
Structured data
Transactions vs analysis
Removing analysis barriers
Semi-structured data
139
What is Kubernetes?
System for automating container deployment & scaling
Billing dashboard
VPN tool
Load testing script
140
What triggered the VM Cloud Era?
Launch of mobile apps
Need for in-house racks
Shift from physical to virtual servers
Growing hybrid setups
141
How does shared responsibility in cloud security work?
Customer does everything
Provider manages all data
Provider secures infra; customer configures usage
Shared billing only
142
What is the main difference between a database and a warehouse?
Structured data
Coldline storage
Google Cloud’s Vision API
Transactions vs analysis
143
What are examples of compliance standards?
GCP, AWS, Azure, IBM
HIPAA, GDPR, FedRAMP, SOC 2
Java, HTML, PCI, SQL
DNS, TCP, SSL, SSH
144
Why is semi-structured data easier than unstructured?
It’s compressed
It’s stored in VMs
It’s encrypted by default
It contains tags or markers like HTML or JSON
145
What is used for large-scale NoSQL analytics and time-series?
Bigtable
Firestore
Spanner
BigQuery
146
What is high availability in cloud?
Paying for more memory
Adding SSL certificates
Redundant architecture to stay online
Always using one VM
147
What data lacks a predefined model like social media posts?
Semi-structured data
Removing access barriers
Unstructured data
BigQuery
148
When should you use serverless?
For short, event-driven functions
For large monolith apps
For hardware upgrades
For static content only
149
What is a data lake?
SQL-based engine
Secure dashboard
Real-time cache
Repository for raw data of any type or size
150
What does scalability mean in the cloud?
Buy more physical hardware
Use less storage over time
Migrate to on-prem servers
Access more computing without setup
151
What does Apache Beam provide to Dataflow?
SQL triggers
CDN engine
Programming model for defining pipelines
Billing alerts
152
What is Spanner used for?
Training ML models
Static webpage delivery
Cold storage of media
Globally scalable, consistent relational DB for high-throughput apps
153
Predefined vs custom IAM roles?
Predefined = user groups
Predefined = built-in, Custom = specific needs
Custom = admin defaults
Predefined = budgets
154
What are characteristics of the Infrastructure Cloud Era?
Cost savings, faster deployment, reduced infra mgmt
Highest latency performance
Fully on‑prem servers
Manual scaling and management
155
What does it mean that the cloud is a metaphor?
It’s a desktop backup service
It’s stored on personal servers
Apps & data run on global data centers
It means public Wi-Fi
156
What defines on‑premises infrastructure?
Runs only in multicloud
Provider runs servers
Org owns & runs servers in own data center
Uses public cloud
157
Which service is best for streaming analytics with Pub/Sub?
Firestore
Dataflow
BigQuery
Cloud Functions
158
What are foundations of transformation cloud?
CPU, storage, networking
Build, deploy, monitor
Only infrastructure
Data, trust, collaboration, open infra, sustainability
159
What is a content delivery network (CDN)?
Encrypts all traffic
Delivers content from the nearest server
Syncs admin policies
Stores cold backups
160
Best workload for BigQuery?
App push notifications
Analytical queries on large structured/semi-structured datasets
SQL-based gaming apps
Real-time syncing
161
What is autoscaling?
Freezing resource allocation
Backup rotation
Upgrading physical switches
Adjusting resources based on demand
162
Who typically uses data lakes vs data warehouses?
Scientists/engineers use lakes; analysts use warehouses
Marketing only uses lakes
Nobody uses warehouses
Executives use both
163
What are the three main types of data in Google Cloud’s transformation module?
Structured, Semi-structured, Unstructured
Databases, Warehouses, Lakes
Google Cloud’s Vision API
Structured data
164
What is cloud compliance?
Logging VM restarts
Encrypting all traffic
Buying licensed tools
Meeting legal, regulatory, industry standards
165
What are subnets?
Regional access controls
Network firewall rules
IP ranges/zones within a VPC
Billing zones
166
Which product is best for transactional workloads without SQL?
BigQuery
Looker
Pub/Sub
Firestore
167
What does the ‘Scale’ pillar focus on?
Reducing headcount
Repeatable processes & scalable infra
Manual patching
Writing internal memos
168
What type of data is organized into tables and is easy to analyze?
Unstructured data
Databases, Warehouses, Lakes
BigQuery
Structured data
169
What is second-party data?
From AI models
VPN traffic
Scraped from web
Another org’s first-party data shared with you
170
Purpose of Cloud SQL?
Managed relational DB for MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server
File transfer engine
Real-time doc database
CDN service
171
What is the CapEx to OpEx shift in cloud?
Spending less on internet
Buying more capital assets
Adding more permanent servers
Moving from big purchases to usage-based costs
172
What are common cloud security tools?
Cloud resumes
IAM, encryption, logging, threat detection
API keys and dashboards
Spreadsheets and VPNs
173
What is disaster recovery in cloud?
Manual reboot of servers
Monthly backup invoice
Strategy to restore services after outages
DNS caching method
174
What is Infrastructure as Code (IaC)?
Manually setting up networks
Managing infra using config files
Writing SQL for VMs
Billing automation
175
What are traits of Infrastructure Cloud Era?
No security features
Fast deployment & cost savings
Higher latency
Manual infra management
176
What are sustained use discounts?
VM speed boosts
GCP discounts for long-running resources
Storage overage penalties
API subscription rebates
177
What is vertical scaling?
Load balancing
Adding more CPU/RAM to one server
Launching extra zones
Building a second data center
178
What are key drawbacks of on‑premises infrastructure?
Fully cloud-based
Unlimited scalability
Needs space, staff, hard to scale & over‑provisioning
Free to maintain
179
What is Google Cloud Functions?
Lightweight compute for event-based microservices
A storage backup tool
A DNS resolver
A VPN tunnel service
180
What are the three types of external data?
First-party, second-party, third-party
SQL, NoSQL, Flat
Structured, semi, unstructured
Internal, cloud, hybrid
181
Typical sources for Pub/Sub?
SQL reports
IAM logs, budgets
IoT devices, game events, telemetry
Storage tiers
182
What is a regional cloud service?
One used across all clouds
Offline-ready backup
Service hosted in a specific region
On-premise only tool
183
Difference between OLTP and OLAP?
OLTP = data lakes only
OLTP = transactions (sales), OLAP = analytics (trends)
OLAP = IAM rules
OLAP = streaming only
184
Difference between IAM roles and policies?
Policies create firewalls
Roles are passwords
Policies track billing
Roles = permissions, Policies = who gets them
185
What is zero trust security?
Allow access after login
Only encrypt storage
Always allow internal traffic
Never trust, always verify every request
186
What report said 68% of orgs struggle to realize data value?
Deloitte ‘Data Velocity’
Google Cloud Report
Accenture report ‘Closing the data value gap’
McKinsey ‘Data Summit’
187
How do audit logs support governance?
Track access and changes for compliance
Block users from regions
Add debug logs to apps
Manage team training history

Module 2 + Module 1 Questions Flashcards | StudBud