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Organizational Behavior - Test 2 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Organizational Behavior - Test 2 Review
Organizational Behavior - Test 2 Review
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1
Which of the following refers to having insufficient time and resources to complete a job?
Role strain
Role ambiguity
Role conflict
Role overload
2
In the context of a communication message, what does "richness" refer to?
the number of analyzable elements in the message
the amount of feeling that is communicated
the amount of data that can be sent via the medium
the ability of the medium to evoke meaning
3
What is Filtering in communication?
distortion or withholding of information to manage a person’s reactions
removing jargon from the message so that it can be better understood
changing the message to meet the needs of diverse groups
only giving the message to certain people in the organization
4
What best exemplifies an employee assistance program?
an organizational approach to stress prevention
a first-level or primary stress prevention approach
an aftercare program for drug-addicted employees
a prevention approach to relieve or reduce stress
5
In the Job Characteristics Model, what does 'Feedback' refer to?
The freedom to perform tasks
The degree to which people learn how effective they are at work
The degree to which a person is in charge of completing a task
The extent to which a job affects others' well-being
6
What are the two types of appraisal systems?
Objective and Subjective
Absolute rating and relative ranking
Performance-based and behavior-based
Quantitative and Qualitative
7
According to the Job Characteristics Model, which psychological state is the most critical for employee attitudes and be
Knowledge of results
Responsibility for the outcomes
Perception of autonomy
Experienced meaningfulness
8
the main issue in The Case of Radio Shack was ...
the way that they spoke to their employees
the way that they provided benefits to employees
the way in which they terminated their employees
the way their website portrayed employees
9
What does emotional contagion refer to?
Spreading of rumors in a group
Transmission of emotions from a person to an object
Transmission of emotions from one person to another
Spreading of physical diseases in a team
10
Which hormone is first released in a stressful situation?
Cortisol
Insulin
Adrenaline
ACTH
11
What best exemplifies appropriate feedback to an employee that will lead to increased job performance?
constructive and specific
should be provided in written form only
unrecorded
one-way
12
What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system post-stress?
It increases the heart rate
It brings the body back to homeostasis
It continues the release of cortisol
It promotes the fight or flight response
13
What was one of the key ideas of scientific management?
Job enlargement
Job enrichment
Minimize waste by identifying the most efficient method to perform a job
Job rotation
14
A supervisor sends a message to employees in a diverse workgroup. What should sender and receivers be sensitive to?
perceptual screens
the informal communication channel
non-feedback
verbal characteristics of the message
15
What is job enlargement?
Making a job more specialized
Adding more variety to the tasks performed by an employee
Giving an employee more control over their tasks
Rotating an employee between jobs
16
What is the primary goal of piece rate incentives?
To encourage team cooperation.
To reward sales employees for sales volume.
To reward employees based on individual output.
To give employees a permanent pay raise.
17
What is the most common reason for employees not making good use of feedback?
They have a low level of agreement with supervisory evaluations
They decrease commitment to organizational goals
They have been shown to have no relationship to improving job performance
They are experiencing times of stress
18
What is a common cause of cross cultural conflict in the workplace?
Age differences
Miscommunication
Disorganised teams
Overworked employees
19
Which of the following is not a consideration of cross cultural negotiation?
Effective Communication
The US Position
Cultural Differences
The Planned Agenda
20
What is a potential downside of job specialization?
It makes jobs more complex
It makes jobs less efficient
It leads to decreased productivity
It can lead to job boredom and absenteeism
21
Why is leniency problematic in performance appraisals?
It makes ratings useless for raises, bonuses, or promotions.
It leads to more accurate ratings.
It motivates employees excessively.
It is not a problem; leniency is encouraged.
22
What is the first step in the Management by Objectives (MBO) process?
Developing an action plan
Setting companywide goals derived from corporate strategy
Determining team- and department-level goals
Periodically reviewing performance and revising goals
23
How can liking bias be mitigated in appraisals?
By journaling performance incidents throughout the year.
By avoiding any interpersonal relationships at work.
By promoting only liked employees.
By rating all employees as average.
24
What is an example of a realistic but aggressive goal?
Develop a new product in a week.
Increase customer satisfaction ratings by 15% over the next six months.
Eliminate all errors within the company.
Increase sales by 200% within a month.
25
What is active listening ?
Looking elsewhere
Asking questions to clarify what's being said
Thinking of a "Comeback"
Closing eyes, while thinking of pizza
26
What part of the brain is responsible for stimulating fear responses?
The prefrontal cortex
The hippocampus
The amygdala
The cerebellum
27
Why is the emotional element of a digital message difficult to assess?
because the receiver can't decode the message
because of the lack of nonverbal cues
because of the short length of most messages
because of the anonymity
28
In the Job Characteristics Model, how are the five job characteristics supposed to affect an employee?
They result in three critical psychological states
They result in increased job dissatisfaction
They result in less feedback
They result in higher salary expectations
29
Which of these practices can help in reducing employee stress?
Unclear expectations
Increasing workload
Giving employees autonomy
Creating a toxic workplace
30
What are the three steps in which stress affects an individual according to Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
Fight or flight, resistance, and recovery
Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
Alarm, fight or flight, and recovery
Alarm, avoidance, and adaptation
31
What is an example of how task significance of a job can be enhanced for an individual?
the employee receives rewards for their task completion
the fundraiser obtains increasing level of supports for students
individual who collects food meets a person who requires the food
the radiologist develops the photographs of patients
32
What is information overload?
Constant exposure to advertisements
A state of imbalance when processing demands exceed capacity
A deficit in information processing
A surplus of irrelevant data
33
What are the two major categories of "role stress" at work?
role ambiguity and role overload
role conflict and role ambiguity
role conflict and role overload
role overload and ethical conflict
34
What is the definition of 'Skill Variety' according to the Job Characteristics Model?
The extent to which a job requires the use of different skills
The extent to which a job affects others' well-being
The level of freedom to decide how to perform tasks
The level of feedback from the job
35
In your textbook, The Case of American Express demonstrates that ....
EI is the reason that some sale people sell more than others
cognitive dissonance can affect sales
Work-Family Conflict significantly interferes in work productivity
Emotional Contagion affects sales people more than others
36
The three conditions that contribute to goal setting as discussed in your text are:
Timeliness, Context, Variety
Achievable, Realistic, Measurable
Persuasion, Satisfaction, Reliability
Feedback, Ability, Goal Commitment
37
What does scientific management emphasize?
work simplification
standard-hour wage payment systems
worker training for increased job responsibilities
definition of management authority
38
What does Emotional Labor refer to?
Physical labor performed under emotional stress
The regulation of feelings and expressions for organizational purposes
Work that involves a lot of emotional interactions
Working in emotionally demanding jobs
39
What is the key to managing job challenges in relation to stress?
Addressing challenges only in the exhaustion stage
Avoiding all challenges
Increasing the number of challenges to build resilience
Keeping challenges in activation stage and avoiding the exhaustion stage
40
What is an effective method for reducing or overcoming communication barriers resulting from gender differences?
using face-to-face communication
seeking clarification of meaning
using frequent metaphors
using more technical terms with precise meanings
41
What is distress as referred to by Hans Selye?
The state of relaxation after a stressful event
Stress that leads to disease
The stage of resistance in the General Adaptation Syndrome
Stress that is enjoyable or healing
42
Which life event is rated highest in stress value on the Holmes-Rahe scale?
Losing one's job
Receiving a ticket for a minor traffic violation
Death of a spouse
Getting married
43
What does job specialization entail?
Enlarging the scope of a job
Giving employees more control
Moving employees from job to job
Breaking down jobs into simple components
44
What is 'Task Identity' as per the Job Characteristics Model?
Degree a person is in charge of completing a work from start to finish
Extent to which a job requires different skills
Freedom to decide how to perform tasks
Degree to which people learn how effective they are at work
45
You are a supervisor who needs to communicate with several employees about unsatisfactory work. What is the best way?
a memo posted on a bulletin board
a face-to-face meeting
a text
an e-mail message
46
What does structural empowerment refer to?
Aspects of work that give employees discretion.
The personal feelings of empowerment.
The inability to perform tasks without close supervision.
The hierarchal structure of a company.
47
What is a job characteristic of an employee who works in finance/payroll?
task identity
task significance
skill variety
autonomy
48
What is cognitive dissonance?
Discomfort caused due to mismatch among emotions, attitudes, beliefs, and b
A type of mental illness
Comfort felt due to aligning beliefs and attitudes
Discomfort caused due to matching emotions and behaviors
49
What term did Selye use to refer to stress that was enjoyable or healing?
Relaxation
Distress
Eustress
Pleasure
50
What is the "corporate athlete" approach to stress management?
Ignoring stress until it goes away
Only working in non-stressful environments
Turning distress into eustress by better nutrition, training, and attitudes
Taking medication to lower stress levels
51
Which of the following is not a level of emotional labor?
Surface acting
Deep acting
Superficial acting
Genuine acting
52
Which of these is a strategy organizations can use to maintain work-life balance for employees?
Flexibility in scheduling
Increasing work hours
Ignoring employees' family life
Banning family-related discussions at work
53
Cross-cultural communication in business can be improved by
Googling music types preferred by Asians
Studying business culture in Japan
Learning a foreign language AND culture
Learning a foreign language
54
What is an organizational cost of distress?
sabotage
performance loss
interpersonal conflicts
medical illness
55
What is non verbal communication ?
Gestures, proximity and environment
Eye contact, facial expression , gestures , posture and distance
Body language, tone and appearance
Facial expressions, eye contact
56
What is an active listening "do"?
Ask questions just because
Summarize facts but not feelings
Show listening with only your voice
Restate in your own words
57
How do stock options work?
Employees earn stocks based on their sales volume.
Companies give stocks to employees as a bonus.
Employees purchase company stocks at a pre-determined price.
Employees receive a fixed number of company stocks.
58
Which statement best exemplifies the stress response sequence?
It increases alertness through improved vision and hearing
It is based on cognition that results in the release of chemical messengers
It redirects blood to the brain and large muscle groups
It suppresses the immune system
59
Leniency is a problem with appraisals because...
It makes ratings useless for determining raises, bonuses, or promotions
It forces managers to use absolute ratings
It makes it more difficult to hire family
It makes it easier for employees to change their behaviour
60
What is the role of ACTH in the stress response?
It activates the parasympathetic nervous system
It suppresses the immune system
It prompts the adrenal glands to release cortisol
It decreases heart rate and blood pressure
61
________ is when an employee will actively try to experience the emotion they are displaying
Management Acting
Deep Acting
Surface Acting
Genuine Acting
62
What does cortisol do in a fight or flight situation?
It promotes blood flow to the digestive system
It increases heart rate and blood pressure
It inhibits insulin production to favor immediate glucose use
It stimulates the immune response
63
What is one possible method of dealing with leniency bias in performance appraisals?
Giving all employees the same ratings.
Using relative rankings or suggested distributions.
Ignoring the bias as it can't be controlled.
Reducing the frequency of performance appraisals.
64
What is a negative outcome associated with jobs that are highly specialized and repetitive?
Increased motivation
Lower absenteeism
Increased job satisfaction
Higher turnover rates
65
In Job Characteristics Model, what is the importance of 'Autonomy' and 'Feedback' in calculating motivating potential
They have no role in calculating motivating potential
They are less important than other factors
They are equally important as other factors
They are more important than other factors
66
What conveys as much as 65 to 90 percent of the content of a message?
tone of voice
written forms of communication
numeric examples
nonverbal communication
67
Which statement applies to individuals possessing a Type A personality?
They are socially secure
They tend to be relatively calm in difficult situations
become aggressive when faced with conflict
They are less prone than Type B personalities to heart attacks
68
Why are cultural values and behaviour confusing barriers to communication?
because culture is not a filter that affects communication
because they are invisible and silent
because they are shared by a group of people
because they are very obvious and visible
69
What is the key component of the MBO?
job description
objectives
company mission
company vision
70
Which of these is not considered a major workplace stressor according to the American Psychological Association?
Family conflicts
Housing
Work
Money
71
Which of the following emotions is NOT a part of the six major types of emotions studied in Affective Events Theory?
Guilt
Fear
Love
Joy
72
What role does 'Feedback' play in the Job Characteristics Model?
It has no role in this model
It determines the degree of task significance
It contributes to determining the motivating potential of a job
It directly impacts skill variety
73
What is a feature of work that flows according to Csikszentmihalyi?
Randomness
Competence
Boredom
Repetition
74
Which of the following is not associated with a long term exposure to stress
High Blood Pressure
Type A Personality
Ulcers
Being Susceptible to Colds
75
What is merit pay?
It is a bonus given to a team based on overall performance.
It is a payment based on the quantity of individual output.
It is a one-time reward for specific accomplishments.
It is a pay raise based on past performance.
76
What is "flow" in the context of stress management?
A specific exercise routine
A state of consciousness where one is totally absorbed in an activity
A method of meditation
The sensation of being overwhelmed by tasks
77
What part of the brain initiates the fight-or-flight response?
The hypothalamus
The adrenal gland
The amygdala
The pituitary gland
78
What does communication technology significantly limit or eliminate?
written communication
nonverbal communication
dominant communication
nondefensive communication
79
What percentage of meaning in a message can be conveyed by nonverbal communication?
45 to 70
10 to 20
25 to 40
65 to 90
80
Which of the following is NOT true about selective perception?
it is usually accurate
it saves time
it is usually unconscious
is the process of filtering what we see and hear for our own needs
81
What does role ambiguity refer to in a workplace context?
Vagueness in relation to one's responsibilities
Having insufficient time and resources to complete a job
Experiencing interpersonal conflict in the workplace
Facing contradictory demands at work
82
referring to a person by one adjective reduces the person to that characteristic is an example of ?
stereotype
euphemism
biased language
slur
83
What is one of the benefits of digital communication?
People are more cooperative when communicating with others
It is more private
It makes it quicker to reach decisions within a group
People with social anxiety can share their thoughts from a safe environment
84
What does the limbic system primarily manage in humans?
Emotions
Motor skills
Language processing
Cognitive functions
85
People who have emotional intelligence...
have an external locus of control
develop an increased awareness of their own and others’ emotions
have better IQ and a higher level of intelligence
Have an emotional contagion which can spread throughout the organization
86
Which system of appraisal has a grade that depends only on performance with respect to objective criteria?
Relative ranking appraisal
Absolute rating appraisal
Performance-based appraisal
Objective appraisal
87
How is 'Autonomy' defined in the Job Characteristics Model?
Extent to which a job requires the use of different skills
Degree to which a person learns their effectiveness at work
Degree to which a person's job affects others
Degree of freedom to decide how to perform tasks
88
What does Emotional Intelligence involve?
Increasing the gaps between real emotions and the ones required by professi
Understanding and managing one's own and others' emotions
Measuring one's intellectual capability
Manipulating other's emotions for personal gain
89
What is one key advantage of job rotation?
It decreases the skill requirements of a job
It leads to job specialization
It facilitates the acquisition of new skills
It increases job monotony
90
What is role ambiguity?
confusion from a situation where expectations of two roles conflict
confusion one experiences related to the expectations of others
confusion stemming from conflicting expectations within a single role
confusion a person has in reconciling job demands and personal values
91
Which job characteristic in the model refers to how much a job affects others' work, health, or well-being?
Autonomy
Task Significance
Task Identity
Skill Variety
92
What may develop when one's attitudes and required job behaviour conflict?
attitude consonance
cognitive dissonance
behavioural tendency
affect
93
When a receiver understands the meaning of the sender's message, what is this process?
giving feedback
encoding
decoding
creating the message
94
What medium is considered high in rich information?
telephone
flyer
electronic mail
personalized memo
95
The Concept of Flow in your text with relation to stress is best described as...
state of consciousness which a person is totally absorbed in an activity
getting along better with our colleagues
movement at work through better planning and therefore stress reduction
moving up through the system and therefore having more hope
96
Which of the following is synonymous with eustress?
performance
healthy stress
productivity
unhealthy stress
97
A secretary is given responsibility and signature authority for certain types of correspondence. What has occurred?
The job has been rotated
The job has been horizontally loaded
The job has been enlarged
The job has been enriched
98
Which of the following is NOT a downside of goal setting as discussed in class?
Learning decreases
Adaptability Declines
Ethical problems decrease
Single mindedness develops
99
Why might job enrichment sometimes cause dissatisfaction among employees?
They expect shorter working hours
They prefer job rotation
They want more specialized tasks
They may not desire more control over their work
