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Dujardin- AP Psychology: Research Methods Flashcards | StudBud
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Dujardin- AP Psychology: Research Methods
Dujardin- AP Psychology: Research Methods
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A review of key terms, concepts, and people associated with #research methodology
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1
Occurs when an extraneous variable makes it difficult to sort out the effects of the Independent Variable
Experimenter bias
Confounding of variables
Double-blind procedure
Sampling bias
2
In measures of central tendency, the exact halfway point of data distribution
Median
Mode
Correlation coefficient
Mean
3
A chemistry test is supposed to cover atomic mass, but there are questions on acidity, too. We would say this test is
reliable
not reliable
not valid
valid
4
A system of well researched, interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations
Response set
Anecdotal evidence
Theory
Hypothesis
5
The case study is an example of which kind of research method?
narrative research
experimental research
correlational research
descriptive research
6
One of the three attitudes of scientific inquiry are:
stubborn
curiosity
hard working
intelligent
7
The variable that results from the manipulation in an experiment
Placebo effect
Extraneous variable
Independent variable
Dependent variable
8
As screen time increases, grade point average tends to decrease. This describes what type of correlation?
positive
negative
bidirectional
none
9
State the experimental group: A class takes a test in 2 groups- 1st group in classroom,2nd group beside band practice.
students in the classroom
noise made by the band
students next to band practice
test results
10
Exists when a sample is not representative of the population from which it was drawn
Social desirability bias
Sampling bias
Confounding of variables
Experimenter bias
11
The group in an experiment that is exposed to manipulation of the independent variable
Sample
Experimental group
Population
Control group
12
State the dependent variable: The amount of cell phone use before bed affects the amount of sleep an individual attains.
bedtime
amount of cell phone use
screen brightness
amount of sleep
13
Effects that occur when subjects experience change due to expectations (or to "fake" treatment)
Replication
Placebo effects
Sampling bias
Confounding of variables
14
Which of the following correlations has the best predictive value?
-0.6
+0.7
+0.8
+0.3
15
Any variables other than the independent variables that seem likely to influence the dependent variable in an experiment
Standard deviation
Confounding variables
Response set
Placebo effects
16
A periodical that publishes technical and scholarly material within a discipline
Theory
Survey
Case study
Journal
17
Judgment inferred from statistics that the probability of the observed findings occurring by chance are low
Standard deviation
Validity
Statistical significance
Variability
18
Occurs when a researcher's expectations influence the results of a study
Social desirability bias
Experimenter bias
Sampling bias
Participant bias
19
The arithmetic average
Correlation coefficient
Mean
Mode
Median
20
A hypothesis uses a set of principles to explain the concept or predict an outcome.
False
True
21
A theory is backed by evidence.
False
True
22
Which kind of relationship and correlation coefficient does this scatterplot showcase?
A moderate negative relationship (-0.6)
A perfect positive relationship (+1
A perfect negative relationship (-1)
No Relationship (0)
23
Distribution of subjects in experiment in which each has equal chance of being assigned to any group
Random assignment
Double-blind procedure
Single-blind procedure
Random sampling
24
Research method in which independent variables are manipulated and which permits causal interpretation
Naturalistic observation
Correlational research
Experiment
Case study
25
Correlations cannot be used to draw causal conclusions.
True
False
26
A condition or event that an experimenter manipulates in order to observe its impact
Independent variable
Correlation coefficient
Dependent variable
Extraneous variable
27
The statistic that indicates the degree and direction of relationship between variables
Correlation coefficient
Median
Mode
Mean
28
A link or association between variables such that one can be predicted from the other
Causation
Validity
Reliability
Correlation
29
A Dr gives 10 people pills. Dr and people do not know if each gets medicine or placebo. Identify the type of study.
Correlational
Valid
Double blind
Single blind
30
What is the purpose of correlational research?
to show cause and effect
to give full descriptions
to show realtionships between variables
to show positive or negative
31
Which one of these techniques is not used with the case study method to study a person?
Examining their records
Interviewing them
Observing them directly
Creating a control group to contrast them
32
Which is the independent variable? "How long you sleep affects your test scores"
length of sleep
time to complete test
score on test
quality of sleep
33
A big advantage of naturalistic observation is that the experimenter can validly draw cause and effect conclusions.
True
False
34
What is one advantage of the naturalistic study method?
subjects understand they are being studied; can adjust behavior accordingly
one specific case can be observed in great detail
subjects can be observed in their natural habitat and state of mind
subjects feel more comfortable as they know that they are being studied
35
Statistics helpful in explaining and summarizing (but not interpreting) data
Anecdotal evidence
Inferential statistics
Descriptive information
Correlation coefficient
36
The score that occurs most frequently
Mean
Mode
Correlation coefficient
Median
37
The spread of data, including the extent to which scores vary from the mean
Statistical significance
Standard deviation
Variability
Central tendency
38
Research strategy in which neither subjects nor experimenters know which condition subjects are in
Single-blind procedure
Random sampling
Random assignment
Double-blind procedure
39
What is one disadvantage of the case study method?
too many cases are studied
too hard to conduct
only one specific case is studied
too hard to determine the root of the issue studied
40
The APA guidelines are for:
experiments only on animals
only for case studies
experiments on people and animals
experiments only on people
41
Confounding variables impact the internal validity of a study
True
False
42
The group in an experiment that is not exposed to manipulation of the independent variable
Control group
Experimental group
Population
Sample
43
Which is NOT an APA ethical guideline?
Informed consent
Compassion
Confidentiality
Debrief
44
A larger group from which a sample is drawn and to which the researcher wishes to generalize
Population
Sample
Experimental group
Control group
45
You conduct a survey on how many shoes a person has, but everybody asks what you mean by "shoe". You need to give an
Experimenter explanation
Operational defintion
Example
Associated definition
46
A measure of variability in data
Standard deviation
Statistical significance
Central tendency
Operational definition
47
An in-depth, generally subjective, investigation of an individual subject
Case study
Experiment
Naturalistic observation
Correlational research
48
The tendency to answer questions about oneself in a socially approved manner
Experimenter bias
Social desirability bias
Response set
Sampling bias
49
A correlation coefficient value of zero indicates no relationship between variables.
True
False
50
Why do researchers use random assignment?
to include a lot of different people
to make the study fair to everyone
to help everyone feel valued
to give everyone within the population an equal chance of participation
51
What two ways do researchers use to prevent the placebo effect from confusing their results?
control group and random sample
random assignment & double- blind study
random sample and random assignment
random sample & single blind study
52
Precisely defines each variable in study in terms of operations needed to produce/measure them
Data collection techniques
Operational definition
Hypothesis
Theory
53
A tentative statement or prediction about the expected relationship between two or three variables
Operational definition
Peer review
Hypothesis
Theory
54
Which correlation coefficient has a fairly strong positive relationship?
0.1
+0.8
-0.9
0
