Mrs Darnold Honors Biology 1st Semester Final Exam Study Set.

The concentration of molecules will be the same throughout the space the molecules occupy

macromolecule with a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

The difference in the concentration of molecules across a distance

stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum

macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

A protein that transports substances across a cell membrane

descriptive data

Solution whose solute concentration is lower to the solute concentration inside a cell

developed the cell theory

Pressure that is exerted on the inside of cells wall and that is caused by the movement of water into the cell

The movement of chemical substances against a concentration gradient; requires cell to use energy

stem cells take on different structures and functions and become the many different types of cells in the human body

Contains the (DNA or genetic material) which is the instructions for the structure and functions of the cell

Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy.

In a phospholipid bilayer, the heads are hydrophobic and the tails are hydrophilic.

atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons

Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes

macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus; DNA

the study of living things

Wash Hands 2. Wear goggles 3.no loose jewelry 4. Put on apron 5. no food or drink 6. Pull back hair

A carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell

monomers or building blocks of carbohydrates

A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom

Complex of protein molecules in a cell membrane that form a pore through which ions can pass

Components or Building Blocks of Lipids

A cell contains less water than the solution it’s in. Which direction will the net movement of the water be?

The levels of organization are: atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

A cell is lacking in ribosomes, which function(s) will be the most difficult for this cell?

A subatomic particle that has a negative charge

Cells that contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.

Produces lipids and filters out toxins

all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure, and new cells are made from other cells

A cell is lacking in golgi bodies, which function(s) will be the most difficult for this cell?

Data that is in numbers

a two-layered arrangement of phosphate and lipid molecules that form a cell membrane

Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy.

First person to observe living cells

A cell is lacking in mitochondria, what function(s) will be the most difficult for this cell?

Theory is a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations

a substance is release from a cell through a vesicle then fuses with the membrane to let the substance OUT of the cell

what types of molecules diffuse easily across the phospholipid bilayer?

Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

A cell contains more water than the solution it’s in. What direction will the net movement of the water be?

Known as a period and follows a pattern of increase by the atomic number

Solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell

positively and negatively charged atoms

The bursting of cells

A small cavity or sac that contains material in a eukaryotic cell

water molecules DIFFUSE across a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

vertical columns number 1-18 from left to right

monomers or building blocks of proteins

A cell is lacking in vacuoles, which of the following functions will be the most difficult for this cell?

Contraction or shrinking of the cell membrane of a plant cell in a hypertonic solution

cell organelle filled with hydrolytic enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell

weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom

Because water is cohesive, the surface water molecules are hydrogen-bonded together keeping particles on the surface

monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

chloroplasts, cell wall, large central vacuole

Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

A method of active transport across a cell membrane in which the cell takes in extracellular fluids

first to observe “small chambers” in cork and call them cells.

A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom

Movement of particles from ran area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule

the model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane

a cell engulfs large particles or wholes cells either as a defense mechanism or as means to obtain food

cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

site of protein synthesis

An organelle that accumulates WATER and then release it periodically to maintain osmotic pressure

cell membrane surrounds a particle and enclosed the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle INTO the cell

4 macromolecules

A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity.

converts light energy into stored chemical energy

The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins

Concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is higher than the concentration in the cytosol, the solution outside

Passive Transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy.

Mass produces proteins

cohesion, adhesion, capillary action, surface tension, the ability to dissolve many substances, and high specific heat.