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Chapter 2: The Study of Chemistry Flashcards | StudBud
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Chapter 2: The Study of Chemistry
Chapter 2: The Study of Chemistry
100 terms
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1
Becoming an ion changes the atomic number
True
False
2
A solution is a liquid consisting of a uniform mixture of
2 or more substances.
2 of the same molecules
3
Thermal energy in transfer from warmer to cooler matter is
The speed of molecules in our cells
restricted to extreme weather conditions
Heat
The cause of humidity
4
Ice floats because it's less dense than liquid water.
True
False
5
Thermal energy involves random movement of atoms and molecules
False
True
6
Evaporative cooling occurs because
the building of hydrogen bonds
the molecules with the greatest energy leave
7
Sharing electrons helps complete outer shells
False
True
8
The atomic number is always equal to
The mass number
the number of neutrons
the number of protons
the atomic weight
9
Which is true about ionic bonds?
Atoms attracting the same electrical charge
Atoms gain or give up electrons
Shared electrons
Water is an ionic bond
10
More electronegativity = stronger pulls
False
True
11
The outer most shell is called the valence shell.
True
False
12
How many bonds does carbon make?
Depends if O2 is involved
Carbon doesn't make bonds
2
4
13
Water is faster to cool than to heat
False
True
14
The # of missing electrons = the # of covalent bonds.
True
False
15
What fixed ratio of hydrogen and oxygen makes up water?
1:1
Depends on mass weight
2:1
1:2
16
Which is true of water freezing?
The molecules shrink
The molecules expand
17
The number of electron shells is found on periodic table.
True
False
18
The higher the OH- concentration, the more basic a solution.
False
True
19
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a byproduct of fossil fuels.
False
True
20
What happens to the nucleus of a radioactive isotope?
It creates O2
It produces more nuclei
It creates the base of cancer medicine
It spontaneously decays.
21
Which is NOT a danger of radiation?
Dating fossils
Disease
Effects on cellular molecules
Use in warfare
22
Which is NOT true of calcification?
Coral relies on it to form their skeletons
Coral combines calcium and carbonate ions
Coral will die without it
Is the byproduct of acidification
23
How is an increase in CO2 affecting our oceans?
By causing an overgrowth of sea life
Causing more volcanic eruptions
By making seawater more alkaline
By changing the chemistry of seawater
24
Which is directly involved in the chemical activity of an atom?
Neutrons
Electrons
Protons
Nucleus
25
How can frozen water crack boulders?
The water molecules react with the calcium
The water molecules expand in the crevices
26
Which element is more electronegative?
Magnesium
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Phosphorus
27
Water heats slower than metal.
True
False
28
A proton has which charge?
Depends on molecule
Positive
Negative
Neutral
29
Organisms can make water from H2 and O2.
False
True
30
How much change is represented by each unit of pH?
2-fold
5-fold
10-fold
50%
31
Ions always result in either a neg or pos charge
True
False
32
Our cells are made up of how much water?
5%
25%
75%
90%
33
A compound consists of
Two or more different elements
Any set of elements
Only hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Single and double bonds only
34
Electrons are held in shells outside the nucleus.
True
False
35
Pure water has what pH?
7 and neutral
8 and slightly alkaline
6 and slightly acidic
0 and Neutral
36
Acids have a high pH value.
True
False
37
A radioactive isotope is unstable.
False
True
38
The SALT dissolving in a solution is called
a solute
a solvent
39
A base is a substance that reduces H+ ions in a solution
False
True
40
The mass number equals the sum of what?
Protons and neutrons
Electrical charges
Electrons and protons
Atomic weight and protons
41
Scientists estimate the ocean's pH will change from 8.1 to 7.8
by year 2021
by year 2050
by year 2150
by year 2100
42
Buffers work by donating and accepting H+ ions
False
True
43
A dissolving agent is called
The solvent
The solute
The solution
44
Hydrogen's atomic number is 1. How many protons are there?
Depends on mass number
2
11
1
45
Which particle is not in the atom's nucleus?
Neutrons
Protons
Electrons
46
Iodization was meant to prevent...
Thyroid disease
Cavities
Cancer
Brittle bones
47
A human can survive with a pH anywhere between 5 and 10.
False
True
48
What is the chemical structure of methane?
C4H3
H2O
CH4
MH3
49
Which is true of trace elements?
Too small to fortify food.
Only needed by vertebrates.
Consists of oxygen, nitrogen and calcium
Needed in all forms of life.
50
pH stands for "potential of hydrogen".
False
True
51
In NaCl, why does chlorine change to chloride?
Chlorine and chloride are the same
It's a negatively charged ion
Because chlorine is poisonous
Because Na is also negative
52
Mass is considered an object's ___________
weight
cellular contents.
origin
atomic number
53
What was fluoride added to for cavity prevention?
GMO fruit
Sunscreen
Cereal and milk
Water and toothpaste
54
Dissolving CO2 in seawater lowers the pH & is called what?
Calcification
Ocean acidification
A solution
55
Temperature measures the intensity of heat.
False
True
56
Which compound makes up table salt?
Sodium, Chlorine and Iodide
NaCl
Salt and pepper
Na2Cl
57
Which is true about a covalent bond.
An unpaired electron is donated
Bonds including carbon atoms
Unpaired electrons are shared
Bonds between ions of opposite charges
58
An atom becomes an ion when
it creates a double bond
it equally shares electrons
it loses or gains one or more electrons
59
An aqueous solution is one in which water is the solvent
True
False
60
Which two elements are essential to bone formation?
Calcium and iodide
Calcium and phosphorus
Calcium and nitrogen
Calcium and magnesium
61
Oxygen makes double bonds
False
True
62
How many elements exist naturally?
over 100
4
18
92
63
An element can NOT be broken down into other substances.
False
True
64
Ions have neutral charges
True
False
65
Where do reactions take place in our cells?
In the watery environment
On top of our skin
When mixed with bicarbonate
Reactions happen outside our cells
66
The elements in a compound are a fixed ratio.
True
False
67
Bases are also known as alkaline substances.
False
True
68
How are atoms held together?
By magnetic properties
When protons equal electrons
By chemical bonds
By the number of shells
69
The hydrogen in water have what kind of charge?
a neutral charge
partial positive charge
partial negative charge
70
Water in our body helps regulate our temperature
True
False
71
The outer electron shells want 4 pairs of electrons.
True
False
72
The oxygen in water have what kind of charge?
a partial negative charge
a partial positive charge
a neutral charge
73
Water is the solvent of life
False
True
74
Life and its chemistry are tied to which compound?
All carbons
C3OH
CO2
H2O
75
Which is true of surface tension?
The surface is ice
The difficulty of breaking the surface of a liquid
Is measured by hot vs cold substances
76
Chemical reactions break bonds and form new ones.
True
False
77
Radioactive isotopes can be helpful and dangerous.
False
True
78
Which example is FALSE regarding atoms?
Is the smallest form of matter
Contains protons, electrons and neutrons
Comes from Greek word "invisible"
Is a subatomic particle
79
Nitrogen can make ____ covalent bonds.
8
5
2
3
80
Water is more resistant to temperature changes due to
the salt crystals
the surface tension
hydrogen bonds
evaporative cooling
81
Chemistry is considered the _____ of life.
Study
Reactions
Balance
Basis
82
If an atom has a change in its mass number
it creates its own isotope
the atom changes to another element
it also changes its atomic number
it can no longer exist
83
Hydrogen can make how many bonds?
8
2
1
4
84
An element's atomic number changes.
True
False
85
Adhesion is the clinging of one substance to another.
True
False
86
The inner most electron shell can hold __ electrons.
4
8
2
1
87
A substance that donates a hydrogen ions in a solution is an acid
True
False
88
O, H, N and C make up 96% of all living matter.
False
True
89
How many covalent bonds can Carbon make?
8
It only makes ionic bonds
4
6
90
Na (sodium) becomes positive in NaCl
False
True
91
Sweating is an example of
evaporative cooling
the formation of a solution
how reptiles cool themselves
acid and bases reacting
92
Sodium Chloride (NaCl) is an ionic bond.
False
True
93
Cohesion is the sticking together of the same molecules.
False
True
94
Chemical reactions do not create or destroy matter.
False
True
95
Atomic weight is roughly the same as mass number
False
True
96
An acidic solution has a higher concentration of ...
OH- than H+
H+ than OH-
97
How much CO2 is absorbed by the ocean?
25%
50%
10%
90%
98
Matter is defined as_____
the average weight of a compound
the number of protons and neutrons
anything that occupies space and has mass
only elements found in nature
99
What role do buffers play?
Regulate our temperature
Keep the pH in blood acidic
Minimizing the change in pH
Keep the pH in blood basic
100
Why is blood considered a solvent?
Because the pH of blood is neutral
Because the solvent is water
Because blood cells are the biggest cells
Trick question! Blood is a solute.
