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Ultimate AP World Modern Review - 2021 Flashcards | StudBud
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Ultimate AP World Modern Review - 2021
Ultimate AP World Modern Review - 2021
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1
Why are the Mongols MOST significant to world history?
Building an empires from tribes of herders
Genghis khan had millions of descendents
Cavalry and siege tactics and technologies used
Uniting Eurasia and diffusing technologies like paper-making and gunpowder
2
These organizations were created by European merchants and nobles and were often given state monopolies to export goods
Stock Markets
Joint-Stock Companies
Limited Liability Corporations (LLCs)
Banking Houses
3
Which way of life BEST describes the Mongols as an ethnicity?
Nomadic hunters and foragers
Tribes of shamanistic pastoralists
Travelling merchants along the Silk Roads
Agricultural city-states
4
CONTEXT: Which of the following major developments did NOT occur during the Post-Classical Era?
The first interregional empires were established.
Intensification of Interregional Exchanges
The emergence and diffusion of Islam
New forms of states were created - feudal, khanates, Islamic, etc.
5
Which of the following is NOT an example of a growing mystical religious movement from 1200-1450 CE?
Sufism
Confucianism
Zen Buddhism
Bhakti Movement
6
How did networks of exchange become GLOBAL after 1450?
Travelers moved from one side of Eurasia to another
Eurasia became linked to Sub-Saharan Africa
Migrations of peoples from the Americas to Afro-Eurasia
The Americas were integrated into European empires
7
All of the following factors contributed to industrialization in the late 1700s EXCEPT:
A large population
Access to raw material such as coal, timber, iron
Accumulation of capital investment
Availability of a labor force
8
The market share of which of the following regions increases the greatest due to industrialization after 1750?
W Europe and the US
India/ South Asia
China/ East Asia
Middle East
9
Which forms of government were established in the United States, France, Haiti, and in Latin American nation-states?
Caliphates
Communist Regimes
Democratic Republics
Khanates
10
How did the Aztec (Mexica) Empire use the tribute system to consolidate power in Mesoamerica?
To distribute food to outlying villages
To provide gifts to local leaders to ensure loyalty
To seize captives as slaves and offer them as sacrifices
To encourage migration into the Aztec Empire
11
The travels of Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta, and Margery Kempe illustrate WHAT process from c.1200-1450?
Travelers feared the influence of foreign cultures
Xenophobia led to more restrictions on trade
Isolation by states prevailed
Long-distance travel was becoming more common
12
Which of the following describes the Atlantic System (a.k.a. Triangular Trade) accurately?
Manufactured goods exported from Americas
Raw Materials exported from Americas
Slaves exported from Europe
Luxuries exported from Asia
13
What environmental knowledge and adaptations allowed for increased volumes of trade in the Indian Ocean?
The Trade Winds of the Atlantic
Ocean currents in the Pacific
Knowledge of Typhoons
The Monsoon Wind Patterns
14
How did the Qing Empire use the Forbidden City below?
To assimilate the bureaucracy into Confucian principles.
To train for and administer the civil service exams
To defend China from nomadic invaders.
To demonstrate and legitimize their absolute power to the public.
15
What were the demographic consequences of the Columbian Exchange on the populations of Afro-Eurasia (E. Hemisphere)?
Migrations slowed across the Atlantic
Disease epidemics reduced populations
Africa isolated itself from exchanges
New, nutritious staple crops led to boom in populations
16
All of the following powerful trading cities emerged along interregional trade networks from 600-1450 EXCEPT:
New York and Havana on the Atlantic
Timbuktu on the Trans-Saharan
Calicut on the Indian Ocean
Baghdad on the Silk Roads
17
What years represent the MODERN ERA in world history?
c.1200-1450 CE
c.1450-1750 CE
c.1750-1900 CE
c.600-1450 CE
18
How did the Mongol Empire (and other states) promote interregional trade and travel?
Protected merchants and travelers
Maintained infrastructure (roads, walls, bridges, canals)
Issued currencies and taxed/regulated trade
All of the above
19
What kinds of luxury goods were exported from the Middle East in the Post-Classical Era?
Spices, cotton textiles, ivory
Horses, leather, wool textiles
Silk, porcelain, jade, laquerware
Rugs/carpets, glassware, incense, steel weapons
20
Colonial economies depended on coerced labor systems to operate mines and cash-crop plantations including all EXCEPT:
The mita system
Convict Labor
Indentured Servitude
The Encomienda/Hacienda
21
Which of the following mass production methods greatly increases speed and efficiency?
Assembly Line and Interchangeable Parts
Formation of LLCs
The Factory Acts
Apprenticeships and Licensing
22
How did Ming China and the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan respond to increasing European involvement the the E. Hemisphere?
Invested in developing more advanced gunpowder techs.
Sent their over transoceanic voyages to the Americas
Restricted contacts and isolated from Europeans
Waged direct wars against European empires
23
What was the purpose of state construction of monumental architecture, like the Aztec Templo Mayor below?
To encourage cultural toleration
To house growing populations
To improve the standard of living
To display the power and permanence of the state
24
Spanish state sponsorship of Columbus' voyages by Ferdinand and Isabella led to...
Industrialization of Spain's economy
European conquest and colonization of the Americas
The decline of the Ottoman and Mughal Empires
European control of the Indian Ocean Basin
25
The image below is an example of what practice, used to legitimize the rule of a monarch?
Tributary Systems
Feudal Obligations
Divine kingship
Mandate of Heaven
26
Which of the following faiths represented a syncretic blend of Islam and Hinduism?
Sufism
Daoism
Shintoism
Sikhism
27
Which of the following nation-states unified in the Modern Era from fragmented kingdoms and city-states?
Mexico and Argentina
Greece and Serbia
Canada and Australia
Germany and Italy
28
The Trans-Pacific Network was the first to link multiple regions globally through the trade of WHAT mined commodity?
Diamonds
Copper
Silver
Gold
29
How did the Dar-al-Islam facilitate the diffusion of technologies and ideas?
By establishing a secular society for scholars.
By continual jihads and raids against neighboring regions
Through the development of long-distance infrastructure
The Hajj and sponsorship of science and the arts - cosmopolitan blending
30
Which of the following is an example of a land-based empire being challenged by local populations?
Pugachev's Rebellion
King Phillip's War
The Fronde
Ana Nzinga's Revolt
31
The use of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and petroleum had all of the following impacts EXCEPT:
Increased energy availability
Created new renewable energy sources
Brought about larger amounts of air and water pollution
The decline of wood, wind, and water as energy sources in mills
32
Which of the following is an example of a maritime empire being challenged by local populations in the Early Modern Era?
The Taiping Rebellion
Cossack Revolts/ Pugachev Rebellion
The Sepoy Revolt
The Pueblo Revolt
33
How did empires increase tax revenues to fund growing militaries and construction projects?
Tax farming, increasing tribute, and tariffs from trade
Reducing taxes to encourage more trade volumes
Deregulating trade to make markets free
Sponsoring joint-stock companies
34
All of the following new technologies improved maritime trade and travel from 600-1450 EXCEPT:
The Dhow and Junk
The Magnetic Compass
The Astrolabe
The Caravel, Fluyt, and Carrack
35
Which of the following Early Modern empires did NOT have a political, economic, and/or religious rivalry?
Russia and Spain
Ottomans and Safavids
England (Britain) and France
Spain and Portugal
36
Which diasporic community introduced Mahayana Buddhism to Southeast Asia in the Post-Classical Era?
The Indians and Malays
The Chinese
The Arabs
The Jews
37
Which social groups witnessed a significant DECLINE in their power in the Early Modern Era?
The Merchants
Scholars and Clergy
Absolute Monarchs
The Nobility (Aristocrats)
38
Portuguese state investment by Prince Henry and others in navigation led to...
The discovery of a Northwest Passage to China
A global trading-post empire
Colonization of the African interior
Portuguese discovery of Australia
39
Which of the following states incorporated a more elaborate centralization through the use of a scholar-bureaucracy?
Kingdom of France
Delhi Sultanate
Song Empire
Maya City-States
40
What years represent the EARLY MODERN ERA in world history?
c.1200-1450
c.1750-1900
c.1900-Present
c.1450-1750
41
Which state grew powerful from control and development of the Trans-Saharan network?
Swahili City-States
Kingdom of Ethiopia
Mali Empire
Mamluk Sultanate
42
Older navigational technologies were adapted to create improved ones by Europeans such as the...
The caravel, carrack, and fluyt
The telescope and sextant
The magnetic compass
The astrolabe
43
Which of the following regions experienced a decentralization of political authority after c.600 CE?
Europe
West Africa
Middle East
East Asia
44
Political ideals from the Enlightenment were reflected in all of these documents EXCEPT:
The Jamaica Letter
The Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
The Communist Manifesto
45
Footbinding in Song China, Veiling in the Dar-al-Islam, and Sati in Indian states are all examples of...
Social Stratification
Social hierarchy
Intensifying patriarchy
Emerging feminism
46
What economic theory accepted by European powers from 1450-1750, led to increased restrictions on trade and rivalries?
Socialism
Capitalism
Mercantilism
Communism
47
Which diasporic community could be found in the Mediterranean and along the Indian Ocean?
The Jews
The Arabs
The Chinese
The Indians and Malays
48
Which expanding trade network is colored in RED on the map below?
The Trans-Saharan
The Silk Roads
The Indian Ocean Basin
The Mediterranean
49
Which of the following was NOT an example of a technological or cultural transfer from the Dar-al-Islam?
Navigational and astronomical tools - telescope and astrolabe
Algebra and Arabic Numerals
Preservation of Greek and Roman texts
Champa rice and silk production techniques
50
What of the following is NOT an example of a new state form in the Post-Classical Era?
Feudal States
Khanates
Islamic States (Caliphates and Sultanates)
Empire
51
What kinds of goods were primarily traded along the interregional exchange networks?
Manufactured Goods
Staple Goods
Luxury Goods
Inferior Goods
52
What AP World Region is identified on this map in ORANGE?
Latin America
North America
Mesoamerica
South America
53
Why do so many trade networks expand and increase their volumes during from 600-1450 CE?
Empires fell and taxes were not charged as often
The Black Death pandemic ended
New technologies of trade and protection of states/empires
A massive population boom caused by new agricultural methods
54
What is a caliphate?
The principle of Islamic holy war
An Islamic empire that claims to defend the Dar-al-Islam
The collection of Islamic law codes
The religious authority of all Muslims
55
What AP World Region is identified on this map in PURPLE?
West Africa
Middle East
Noth Africa
East Africa
56
What goods were exported from WEST AFRICA along the Trans-Saharan network?
Ivory, animal skins, exotic woods
Wine, olives, wool textiles
Glassware, incense, dyes, rugs
Gold, salt, slaves
57
Which of the following revolutions was the first to overthrow the authority of an empire and establish a democracy?
The French Revolution
The Latin American Revolution
The Haitian Revolution
The (North) American Revolution
58
All of the following environmental impacts resulted from the Columbian Exchange EXCEPT:
Introduction of invasive plants and animals
Increasing biodiversity globally
Soil erosion from grazing livestock
Deforestation for plantation agriculture
59
How was the economy of Post-Classical Europe organized?
Mostly free peasant farmers
Large cash-crop plantations using slave labor
Serfdom labor on agricultural manors
A craft and manufacturing based economy based on exports
60
What does interregional mean?
Within a single region.
From one region into another
From one side of a region to another.
Across the globe.
61
The biological transfer of plants, animals, and diseases is known as the...
The Triangular Trade Network
The Atlantic Circuit
The Great Dying
The Columbian Exchange
62
Christianity was transformed in ALL of the following ways from c.1450-1750 EXCEPT:
Syncretic religions like Voodoo and cults emerged
The Crusades united Christians against Muslims
Missionary efforts converted the majority of peoples in the Americas
The faith divided during the Protestant Reformation
63
Which revolution became the only successful slave revolt in world history to est. a new nation-state?
The (North) American Revolution
The Haitian Revolution
The French Revolution
The Latin American Revolution
64
All of the following social reform movements were inspired by Enlightenment ideals EXCEPT:
Early Feminist Movement
Abolition Movement
Cult of Domesticity Movement
Universal Manhood Suffrage Movement
65
What AP World Region is identified on this map in YELLOW?
Middle East
East Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
66
The casta system created a new group of elites known as _________ that used racial ideologies to cement their power.
Mestizos
Mulattoes
Creoles
Peninsulares
67
What form of state allowed for the centralization of authority at the expense of local lords in the Early Modern Era?
absolute monarchies
Feudal states
constitutional monarchies
Democratic republics
68
Which land-based empire in RED on the map coerced Christian minorities to become elite soldiers known as janissaries?
The Russian Empire
The Qing/Manchu Empuire
The Ottoman Empire
The Mughal Empire
69
All of these were Land-Based Early Modern Empires that used gunpowder and absolutism to expand EXCEPT:
The Portuguese Empire
The Ottoman Empire
The Russian Empire
The Qing/Manchu Empire
70
All of the following were Enlightenment ideas EXCEPT:
Popular Sovereignty
Divine Right of Kings
Social Contract Theory
Protection of Natural Rights
71
Which of the following is NOT an example of an advancement made in gunpowder techs. from 1450-1750?
Bombard cannons
Machine guns and rifles
Star forts
Ship-mounted cannons (ie. Galleons)
72
All of the following commercial practices increased the use of long-distance trade from 600-1450 CE EXCEPT:
Joint-stock companies
Paper money and "flying cash" (checks)
Banking Houses
Bills of exchange and credit
73
What are the dates covered in this year's AP World: Modern Exam?
1200 CE to 2010 CE
600 BCE to 600 CE
Beginnings to c.2000 CE
600 CE to 2000 CE
74
What technologies diffuse in the Post-Classical Era that have the MOST significant impact on suceeding eras?
Gunpowder and Paper-making/printing
Steel metallurgy and the stirrup
Champa rice and silk production
Stone castle-building and the wind mill
75
Which region saw a golden age of rising economic and political influence in the Early Modern Era?
The Americas
The Middle East
Western Europe
East Asia
76
Which of the following is an example of how states/empires facilitated commerce in the Post-Classical Era?
Merchant construction of caravanserai
Expanding tax farming privileges to local nobles
Song expansion of the Grand Canal
Hiring of privateers to raid rival shipping routes
77
What were the demographic consequences of the Columbian Exchange on the Americas' indigenous peoples (W. Hemisphere)?
Increasing sizes of families
Migration of Native Americans to Europe and Africa
Catastrophic population decline due to diseases, like smallpox
Population explosion due to new crops
78
Extreme devotion to one's ethnic, cultural group to create new states/patriotism is called...
Colonization
Imperialism
Nationalism
Patriotism
79
All of the following technologies facilitated the growth of land-based networks from 600-1450 EXCEPT:
The compass
The Astrolabe
Caravanserai
The stirrup
80
Why do world historians say the Crusades was MOST significant?
It depopulated Europe's elites
It unified Christians and Muslims
It re-integrated Europe into larger networks of exchange
It fragmented the power of the Byzantine Empire
81
The rapid diffusion of the Black Death in the 1300s reveals WHAT characteristic of the Post-Classical Era?
States were too small and decentralized to respond to the pandemic
Regions were isolated and influenced very little by trade
Pathogens diffused along well-integrated networks
Secular thinking became more popular
82
All of the following motivated initial Western European transoceanic exploration EXCEPT:
Desire to spread Christianity to new lands
To set up settler colonies to control vast territories
To locate a direct sea route to South and Eastern Asia for luxury markets
To build prestige for an explorer and their sponsoring kingdom
83
Which of the following revolutions led to the radical overthrow of an absolute monarch and a Reign of Terror?
The (North) American Revolution
The French Revolution
The Haitian Revolution
The Latin American Revolutions
84
CONTEXT: Which of the following major developments did NOT occur during the Modern Era?
Global Conflicts that Weakened Empires
Global Migrations Intensify
Industrialization of the Economy
The Rise of Nationalism through Revolutions
85
The centralization of production of goods organized by a highly specialized division of unskilled labor is called...
The Factory System
Guild Organizations
Trade Unions
Craft Production
86
What was the main idea of the Enlightenment, that helped spark the Atlantic Revolutions of the Modern Era?
Human reason can solve problems
Traditions should be protected
The Upper Classes should be abolished
Monarchs have divine authority to rule
87
Which of the following minorities were oppressed by the Russian Empire by restricting their settlement?
Catholic Christians
Hindus
Orthodox Christians
Jews (Anti-Semitism)
88
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin and spread c.1750 to 1900 CE?
Japan to the US and Western Europe
Britain to the US and Western Europe, then Japan
Western Europe to Japan, then Russia
Germany to Russia and then to the US
89
Where were the bulk of European colonies located in the Early Modern Era?
Australia, SE Asia, and Oceania
Sub-Saharan Africa
East and South Asia
The Americas
90
Aside from the first transoceanic voyages of Spain and Portugal, all of these states colonized the Americas EXCEPT:
The English/British
The French
The Netherlands (Dutch)
The Germans
91
How did the Song dynasty use the tribute system to consolidate their power in East Asia?
To provide citizenship benefits to its people.
To demonstrate their status and superiority to surrounding states
To spread Confucian ideals of filial piety
To assimilate surrounding cultures
92
How did families and gender roles change in response to the Atlantic Slave Trade from c. 1450-1750?
Patriarchy was challenged in Africa
Polygamy increased in Africa
More females were exported to the Americas
Slave families grew larger in the Americas
93
As religious devotion grew, so did states using religious warfare to accomplish goals. Which is NOT a religious war?
The Crusades
Reconquista of Spain
The Great Schism
Jihad of Middle East and N. Africa
94
How did the Indian Ocean network impact EAST AFRICA from c. 1200-1450?
Epidemic diseases were introduced that weakened the region
Arab diasporic communities brought Islam and the Arabic language
An empire was established from the wealth from trade
Indian merchants introduced Buddhism and Hinduism
95
How were Sub-Saharan African kingdoms (like Kongo and Asante) impacted by European trading posts there?
Warfare between them grew as demand for slaves increased
Europeans refused to deal with African states
Europeans quickly colonized these regions
African states united to repel Europeans
96
What is
industrialization
?
The process of using machines to produce goods in factories.
The process of migrating into cities
The process of using manual labor to cultivate cash-crops
The process of using coerced labor to improve public works
97
CONTEXT: Which of the following major developments did NOT occur during the Early Modern Era?
The decline of land-based empires and monarchs
The rise of gunpowder-based land and maritime empires
The Globalization of Networks of Exhange
Increasing use of coerced systems of labor
98
The massive Buddhist temple of Borobudur on the island of Java in SE Asia is an example of...
Technological Diffusion
Social Conversion
Cultural Assimilation
Cultural Diffusion
99
Why did states and empires of the Post-Classical era increasingly sponsor specific religions?
To reduce religious conflicts
To provide protection to minorities
To provide spiritual enrichment
To unify diverse peoples and legitimize rule