Image Production II

Gadolinium oxysulphide material is made from small crystals in an unstructured or ______ layer

Following are all techniques to reduce possibility of image lag, except:

With PSP and FPD, radiographic contrast is controlled by what?

Thinner plates result in ______ image sharpness bc of reduced amount of light spreading.

Type of motion that will blur the grid lines and eliminate interferance

If an image has a bit depth of 8, how many shades of gray are in the image?

Used to review images after acquisitions but before sending them to the radiologist.

Digital images are recorded as multiple _________ and divided into array of small elements.

Initial digital image appears linear when graphed bc all gray shades are visible, resulting in:

T or F: The first Thin Film Transistors were made of amorphous silicon and amorphous selenium

One of the first uses of digital imaging was in...

Should be monitored from modality to PACS & from archive to workstation

T or F: background signal is unimportant therefore imaging plates don't need to be erased

Range of exposure diagnostic image values the image detector is able to produce.

Amount of detail present in any image is known as it's:

Storage phosphor plates are similar to...

The internet is based on what kind of network topology?

In digital x-ray, mAs has more influence on _______ than on density.

More pixels = _______ image resolution

Imagers that use heat to process latent image that is etched into the silver emulsion by laser

Each pixel contains pieces of information called _______.

Surpressing frequencies, also known as ________ can result in loss of small details.

T or F: biggest advantage of CCD relates to demagnification issues and reduced DQE

In PSP, the light is picked up by one of these two things then converted to an electric signal?

In direct conv., each pixel contains a ____ that absorbs electrons & generates electric charges

Common measurements functions include all of the following except:

How long does it take between exposures for the plate to erase the old image?

T or F: matrix size change will affect FOV, but FOV or matrix change won't affects pixel size.

The ________, or microprocessor, is a small chip found on the mother board.

Which of the following is not a major OS in use today?

Any computer that a health care worker uses to view a digital image

T or F: the two types of film digitizers are laser digitizers and CCD digitizers

Image management station is also known as:

Software that controls computer hardware & acts as a bridge btwn applications & hardware

In indirect conversion, signals are first converted to _______ and then to an electrical signal

Type of OS used to control specific machinery, such as digital x-ray consoles

Moving images via telephone lines to & from remote locations is referred to as...

If image is taken prior to detector releasing signal from previous image, what can happen?

Series of connections, controllers, & chips that creates information highway of the computer

Relationship between the height of the lead strips and the space between the lead strips

Direct capture uses __________ as an x-ray absorber.

Ability of imaging system to demonstrate small details of an object.

Allows tech to match image information with patient information.

Cheapest form of storage:

In general projection radiography PSP imaging, resolution is approximately:

Uncommonly, malfunctions in the detector can cause:

RAID stands for:

Smallest element in a digital image, also known as picture element.

True or False: PSP systems are less sensitive to low levels of radiation.

Network with multiple pathways interconnecting devices and networks

MRI was introduced in what decade?

True or False? PACS provides image access to multiple users at the same time.

TJC (formerly JCAHO) accreditiation necessary for all the following except:

Indirect conversion detectors are similar to direct because they use _________

PSP reader that has optical stage, scanning laser beam, photomuliplier, & ADC converter.

ADC stands for...

Type of radiography that uses film & intensifying screens in it's image formation process

A cassette's phosphor layer is also known as it's

How efficiently a system converts x-ray input signal into a useful image.

CMOS was developed by what company?

When images are produced with uniform density and contrast, regardless of exposure amount.

On the LUT, _________ is increased and decreased by moving the line up or down the y-axis.

Important phase in establishing parameters that determine collimation & histogram function

Window level represents

Image acquisition, display workstations, & archive servers are 3 fundamental parts of:

DICOM stands for Digital Imaging Communication ____________________

Changes to images before PACS reduces the amount of manipulation the ________ can do.

On most digital systems, kVp values range from:

Plan for the systematic observation & assessment of diff. aspects to make sure standards met

Post processing is performed by who?

Amount of exposure received by the image receptor.

Early PACs systems were developed by...

Moire effect happens because the grid lines and the scanning laser are:

More light spread will result in ________ MTF.

Modulation transfer function (MTF) is the ability of the system to record available __________.

Aliasing (also called foldover/biasing) causes mirroring of the signal at _____ the frequency.

Indirect capture is similar to PSP because x-ray energy stimulates a.....

Process where x-ray energy is converted directly into an electrical signal.

Typical grid frequency is between ____ and _____ lines per inch

T or F: a field effect transistor or silocon TFT reacts like a switch (in direct conversion)

The ability of a digital system to display subtle changes in the shade of gray.

Converting digital input data to an image w/appropriate brightness & contrast is referred to as

Ultimate focus in health care is:

PSP plates record a _______ range of exposures, so only the optimal density range is processed.

When insufficient light is produced, image is grainy, a condition known as

In conventional x-ray, optical density is primarily controlled by what?

Movement of the image plate through the reader.

Reduction of the area of the beam that reaches the patient through the use of lead shutters

In digital x-ray, images will appear on the monitor in what amount of time?

Refers to the number of grid lines per centimeter or lines per inch

System in which images are sent directly to archive server after acquisition

DICOM is standards that allows PACS and __________ to communicate in the same language.

Amount of electrons produced relative to the incident light from the scintillator

Noise that occurs when some pixels in the chip don't work at all, common in digital

In conventional radiography, contrast is primarily controlled by what?

Network in which the devices are connected in a circle.

True or false: facilities prefer when the tech manipulates images before sending them to PACS

Gadolinium oxysulphide is considered to be a(n):

Window width represents

On the LUT, contrast can be increased or decreased by changing what?

Number of bits within a pixel is known as?

In direct conversion, more than __________ pixels can be read & converted to image in 1 second

Any undesirable densities on the processed image other than those caused by scatter or fog

A device/system that captures or measures a continuously changing signal.

The first commercial CT scanners imaged only the...

On a histogram, values on the left represent ______ areas.

The two ways to measure detector performance (select two):

QC technologists perform testing how often

T or F: image is digitized by both position (spatial location) and intensity (gray level)

PACS can accept any image that is in ________ format.

Traditionally kVp was chosen for _________.

Scans the analog film and produces numeric signals for each part of the scanned film

Reading of pixel values could be off because of all of the following, except:

Indirect conversion uses a phosphor such as ___________ to absorb x-rays and produce light

Most storage phosphor plates are made of what?

Line scan readers use a ________ linear array photodetector.

Who can fix broken latches or hinges?

This digital acquisition modality uses storage phosphor plates to produce projection images.

This layer of the cassette sends the light in a forward direction.

The ability to respond to varying levels of exposure that allows seeing more tissue densities

Cracks in the plate appearing as radioluscency on the image are known as

Functions primarily used radiologist to increase size of an image area are all of these except:

Who will need to clean or replace the light guide on a damaged plate reader?

Network that spans large area, used to connect computers that aren't physically attached

This layer traps electrons during exposure, commonly made of barium fluorohalide.

Constant measure to be monitored is to make sure all images make it to ______.

In indirect capture, this gives off light that is detected and turned into an electric signal.

Number of gray tones a pixel can produce is _____ to the power of the bit depth.

Similar to a hub but sends data only to those devices in which the data are directed.

True or False: In client/server based systems, any exam sent to PACS is available anywhere

Adding a black background around the original collimation edges, this is known as:

Network w/centralized computer that controls operations, files, and sometimes programs

Cassettes contain ______ to protect against static electricity, dust and mechanical damage.

Early CT machines took a few ________ to reconstruct raw data into a recognizable image.

In conventional x-ray, exposure latitude is based on....

T or F: RIS holds patient's full medical info, HIS holds all radiology specific data

T or F: two types of scinitillation layers are structured and unstructured

True or False: Digital images are formed through multiple samplings of a signal.

What are the two types of PSP readers?

Process where x-rays are absorbed, converted to light which is converted to an electric signal

In direct capture, energy is detected by a ________ that converts it into an electric signal.

When do you erase cassettes if you are unsure of the last erasure?

Small area networked w/series of cables or wireless access points; devices on same network

Each pixel or ____ contains 3 electrodes that hold the electrons in an electric potential well.

When signal is reproduced, frequencies above the Nyquist frequency will cause:

Two or more objects sharing resources/info; devices interconnected by communication channels

Function that allows the QC tech to select one or more local computers to recieve images.

Noise created by the lack of light photons from the scintillator

White lines parallel to the direction of plate travel caused by dust or scratches are known as

A place where records or documents are preserved

Edge enhancement is also known as

A perfect system would have an MTF of ______?

Short term memory storage for open programs

In digital x-ray, density is controlled by what?

High resolution image plates contain a _______ phosphor layer compared to the standard plates.

Organization that sets standards that are used in most health care applications, btwn HIS & RIS

A networked group of computers, servers, and archives used to manage digital images.

A line of TFT switches allows electrical charge info to discharge when switches are _______.

Used to blacken out the white collimation borders, effectively eliminating veil glare.

An appropriate grid for portables is 6:1, where as an appropriate grid for the department is:

How many people at one time can open a study on client/server based systems?

Simplest device that can be used to connect several pieces of equipment together

Plate is scanned, image location & then signal size determined, & value is placed on each pixel

Most popular type of amorphous silicon detecter uses a ______ scintillator.

Which is not a following type of noise associated with CCD technology

Anything that interferes with the formation of the image.

Universally accepted standard for exchanging medical images

Acquisition modalities send images to designated reading stations in what type of system?

Used to move through images, series, studies, and patients

In indirect conversion, the phosphor layer is also known as the ________ layer

CT units took several ________ to acquire a single slice of information

Movement of the laser across the imaging plate.

Who introduced the CT scanner?

Referred to as the image's appearance on the display monitor of the computer.

Which is most inexpensive, easier to repair, and more simple? TFT or CCD

Imagers that use chemicals to process film that has been exposed to the laser

Will changes in the field of view affect the size of the pixel matrix?

Noise occurs when the CCD chip operates w/o radiation stimulation

T or F: info can never be misrepresented or lost even if there's defects in operation of device

T or F: 3 types of compression are lossless, lossy, and no compression

In client/based servers, archive server is handling many requests at once and can become:

Maps the image grayscale values into visible output intensity on a monitor or printed film.

Comprehensive set of activities designed to monitor & maintain systems that produce a product

Film is inside a cassette that contains an intensifying screen in ________ radiography?

May be used to look up exams for a physician or print copies of images for the patient

Many PACS reading stations also have what capability?

These systems use an x-ray absorber material coupled to a TFT or CCD to form images.

Data within a collimated area produces a graphic representation of optical densities called a?

Slow scan (image plate through the reader) is also known as

Occurs when fewer pixels in the nieghborhood are included in the signal average.

Network which all devices are physically attached to & listen for communication on single wire

Considered to be the second major milestone in medical imaging

Cassettes are backed by a thin sheet of aluminum that absorbs what?

True or False: Quality can be considered a service or a product.

RAM takes data from the _______ so it can handle processing needs of running programs

Reject analysis is performed how often

Early PACS systems moved images from __________ to established hospitals.

Systems that are a simply light proof container that protects image plate from light & handling

Stationary grid can interfere with image and produce lines, known as the:

X-ray photons are absorbed by coating material & immediately converted into electrical signal

Grid lines will be finer/less interfering when the grid frequency is:

In PSP systems, a _____________ scanned over the plate releases the latent image.

Which phosphor produces more lightspread/decreases efficiency when stimulated?

True or false: changes in the matrix size will not affect pixel size.

CCD is only included in what process(es)?

T or F: In client/based systems, if the archive goes down, the entire system is still operable.