chapter 7

A common criticism of labeling theory is that labeling theorists:

Labeling theorists interpret deviance as a(n):

Nonconformity to a set of norms accepted by a significant number of people is called:

What type of sanction is applied only by people officially designated to enforce norms?

What are we referring to when we talk about rules that people are expected to observe?

Peer groups make fun of someone’s clothes by applying a sanction, these sanctions are known as:

According to Edwin Sutherland, why do criminals adopt criminal behavior?

What word might Robert K. Merton use to characterize members of white-collar criminals?

According to Robert K. Merton’s strain theory, what are the majority of people in society?

Formal norms defined by governments as principles that their citizens must follow is ?