Which statement best describes the process that forms a star?

Gravity condenses cloud of gas&dust-starting nuclear fusion

What is the relationship between supernovae and star formation?

Matter ejected into space during supernovae forms new stars.

Does the big bang say the universe always existed in its current state, with a constant density

No-big bang says universe is expanding from a dense point

Star A is substantially more massive than Star B. Which conclusion is most likely true?

Stars A & B experience different stages in their life cycle.

What does longitude measure?

distance east or west of prime meridian

Star A explodes in a supernova to be a neutron star. Star B contracts to be a white dwarf.

Star A and B had very different initial masses.

How are new atomic nuclei generated within stars?

Smaller atomic nuclei combine to form larger atomic nuclei.

Which values are plotted on the axes of the Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram?

absolute magnitude, luminosity, and temperature

Is it true that Earth is farthest from sun at aphelion so all Earth experiences winter at once.

No-Earth is farthest; only hemisphere tilted away has winter

How do temperature variations in cosmic background radiation provide evidence for the big bang?

variations represent density differences showing matter

What is the primary cause of Earth's seasons?

Earth's axial tilt as it revolves around the sun

What does latitude measure?

distance north or south of equator

It is true that Earth could have formed only after at least one previous generation of stars?

Yes, planets form from matter ejected when stars explode

How does the Doppler effect explain redshift of luminous objects like stars?

as star moves away, electromagnetic waves are elongated

Frozen pieces of water(ice) are placed into a liquid and sink. What does this mean?

the liquid is less dense than water

Does the big bang theory say the universe formed during events w/ matter and energy expanding?

no-universe formed from single expansion from very dense pt

Why does a siren on a vehicle approaching have a higher pitch than after is passes you.

as it approaches the sound waves are compressed.

How does redshift of most galaxies provide evidence for expansion of the universe?

it's caused by elongation of EM waves by objects moving away

How do the four inner and outer planets compare?

inner are smaller and heavier; outer are larger and lighter

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Solar System Review

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sun, stars, big bang, nebular hypothesis, moon

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Questions 38

Answers

1
Which statement best describes the process that forms a star?
daughter star cleaves off parent star too massive & unstable
Gravity condenses cloud of gas&dust-starting nuclear fusion
parent star explodes in supernovae producing daughter stars
nuclear fission splits atoms, releasing energy into space
2
What force balances the outward force of pressure from nuclear fusion within stars?
electromagnetic radiation
gravity
gravity, pressure from fission, & electromagnetic radiation
pressure from nuclear fission
3
What is the relationship between supernovae and star formation?
Matter ejected into space during supernovae forms new stars.
supernovae produce black holes with clouds of dust and gas
supernovae mark end of star so all matter is destroyed
supernovae initiate nuclear fusion in clouds of dust and gas
4
Approximately how long ago did the big bang occur?
4.56 billion years
4.56 million years
13.7 million years
13.7 billion years
5
What are the two most common elements in the universe?
carbon and silicon
iron and nickel
oxygen and nitrogen
hydrogen and helium
6
Does the big bang say the universe always existed in its current state, with a constant density
No-big bang says universe is contracting at predictable rate
Yes
No-big bang says universe is expanding from a dense point
No-big bang says universe is now static but had expanded
7
Star A is substantially more massive than Star B. Which conclusion is most likely true?
From Earth, star B is much brighter than star A.
Stars A & B experience similar stages in their life cycle.
Stars A & B experience different stages in their life cycle.
From Earth, star A is much brighter than star B.
8
What does longitude measure?
distance north or south of equator
height above sea level
depth below sea level
distance east or west of prime meridian
9
Where are the highest temperatures on the H-R diagram?
far right
bottom
far left
top
10
Star A explodes in a supernova to be a neutron star. Star B contracts to be a white dwarf.
Star A and B had very different initial masses.
For most of its life cycle, Star B was brighter than Star A.
For most of its life cycle, Star A was brighter than Star B.
Star A and B had very similar initial masses.
11
How are new atomic nuclei generated within stars?
gravity causes aging stars to contract & produce new element
Smaller atomic nuclei combine to form larger atomic nuclei.
Radioactive isotopes break down rapidly.
Larger atomic nuclei split to form smaller atomic nuclei.
12
The spin of a body on it's axis is called
axial tilt
revolution
orbital period
rotation
13
Which values are plotted on the axes of the Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram?
color, density, and mass
absolute magnitude, luminosity, and temperature
dwarf, giant, and main sequence
age, brightness, and distance to Earth
14
When do the hours of daylight on Earth equal the hours of night?
solstice
equinox
aphelion
perihelion
15
Which of the following is not a phase of the moon?
waxing gibbous
waxing crescent
waning quarter
first quarter
16
What does the distance between two contour lines on a topographic map represent?
change in elevation
change in rock composition
change in longitude
change in latitude
17
The most widely accepted explanation for the origin of Earth's moon is called
the big bang theory
the giant impact hypothesis
the fission theory
the nebular hypothesis
18
Is it true that Earth is farthest from sun at aphelion so all Earth experiences winter at once.
No-Earth closest to sun; hemisphere tilted away has winter
No. Earth is closest to sun at aphelion, so it's summer.
Yes.
No-Earth is farthest; only hemisphere tilted away has winter
19
How do temperature variations in cosmic background radiation provide evidence for the big bang?
Temp. variations represent age differences
Variations are decreasing at predictable rate as CMB cools
variations are ↑ at predictable rate as CMB is ↑radioactive
variations represent density differences showing matter
20
Which property is most important for determining a star's color?
diameter
temperature
brightness
distance from Earth
21
Which describes volume?
the mass of an object
the size of an object
the mass of an object divided by space it takes up
the space it takes up
22
What is the most commonly accepted hypothesis describing the origin of our solar system?
steady state hypothesis
Doppler hypothesis
nebular hypothesis
stellar hypothesis
23
Tides on Earth are influenced by
neither the moon nor the sun
both the sun and the moon
the sun only
the moon only
24
Which two reference points are necessary to determine the location of an island?
elevation and latitude
altitude and elevation
latitude and longitude
elevation and longitude
25
What is the primary cause of Earth's seasons?
the moon's axial tilt as it revolves around Earth
Earth's axial tilt as it revolves around the sun
gravitational pull by moon on Earth
gravitational pull by sun on Earth
26
What does latitude measure?
distance north or south of equator
height above sea level
distance east or west of prime meridian
depth below sea level
27
It is true that Earth could have formed only after at least one previous generation of stars?
Yes, planets form from matter ejected when stars explode
No, planet and star formation are unrelated.
No, large planets depend on stars for energy but not Earth.
There is no plausible theory for planet formation.
28
How does the Doppler effect explain redshift of luminous objects like stars?
as star moves toward Earth, EM waves are compressed
as star moves toward Earth, EM waves are elongated
as star moves away, electromagnetic waves are elongated
As a star moves away electromagnetic waves are compressed
29
Contour lines that are closer together on a topographic map represent
warmer temperatures
steeper slopes
flatter land
higher altitude
30
Frozen pieces of water(ice) are placed into a liquid and sink. What does this mean?
the liquid is very hot
the liquid is less dense than water
pure water is denser than impure water
the ice has no air bubbles trapped inside
31
What do concentric circles on a topographic map represent?
valleys
peaks
peaks and valleys
lakes
32
Does the big bang theory say the universe formed during events w/ matter and energy expanding?
Yes-matter & energy expanded from several tiny dense pts
no-universe contracts until matter collides at a central pt
no-universe formed from single expansion from very dense pt
no-universe always existed in its current state
33
What is the main source of a star's energy?
momentum due to mass and velocity
nuclear fusion
electromagnetic radiation
the black hole at the center of the star's galaxy
34
Why does a siren on a vehicle approaching have a higher pitch than after is passes you.
wave amplitude increases as it approaches
as it approaches the sound waves are compressed.
there is no physical explanation
As it approaches the sound waves are elongated.
35
How does redshift of most galaxies provide evidence for expansion of the universe?
It is caused by gradual cooling of objects moving away.
it's caused by elongation of EM waves by objects moving away
It's caused by heating of objects moving to hotter areas.
it's caused by cmpression of EM waves of objects moving away
36
What is elevation?
depth below sea level
height above sea level
distance north or south of equator
distance east or west of prime meridian
37
How do the four inner and outer planets compare?
inner are larger and lighter; outer are smaller and heavier
inner are smaller and lighter; outer are larger and heavier
inner are smaller and heavier; outer are larger and lighter
inner are larger and heavier; outer are smaller and lighter
38
The sun falls within which part of the H-R diagram?
main sequence
white dwarfs
supergiants
red giants

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