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AP Biology: Unit 1 & 2 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Biology: Unit 1 & 2 Review
AP Biology: Unit 1 & 2 Review
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AP Biology CED Unit 1 & 2 Content Review
Flashcards
54 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
Exocytosis involves cytoplasm of a neighboring cell exiting
Endocytosis involves cytoplasm of a neighboring cell entering
Exocytosis involves phagocytosis or pinocytosis 2 remove material from cell
Endocytosis involves phagocytosis or pinocytosis to bring materials in cell
2
Which macromolecule is this structure?
nucleic acid
protein
lipid
carbohydrate
3
Should you label each answer clearly on the AP Biology FRQ exam? For example: 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 2A,...
No
Of course
4
Which of the following best describes the permeability of the cell wall?
all substances pass across the cell wall because it is permeable
substances cannot pass across the cell wall because it is impermeable
only water passes across the cell wall because it is semipermeable
some substances pass across the cell wall because it is semipermeable
5
What type of bond hold water molecules together?
hydrogen
peptide
covalent
ionic
6
What is the difference between a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis?
They are the same thing - both a hypothesis for the experiment.
Alt. = experimenter is trying to disprove, Null = researcher tries to prove
Alt. = experimenter is trying to prove, Null = researcher tries to disprove
Null hypothesis is never proven
7
The fluid surrounding the grana in the chloroplast is called
Stroma
Stoma
Thylakoids
Granum
8
Which organelle modifies, packages and transports proteins?
Golgi body
Ribosome
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
9
Why is a eukaryotic cell able to be larger than a prokaryotic cell?
Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus which decreases the volume of the cell
Absence of membrane-bound organelles allows for enzymatic reactions.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus which decreases the volume of the cell
Membrane-bound organelles compartmentalize intracellular processes
10
Which of the following is NOT in the monomer of a protein?
R Group
Carboxyl Group
Nitrogenous Base
Amine Group
11
Which macromolecule is this structure?
lipid
nucleic acid
carbohydrate
protein
12
Identify the pairing and number of bonds in DNA double helix
A pairs with G (2 bonds) & T pairs with C (3 bonds)
A pairs with T (3 bonds) & G pairs with C (2 bonds)
A pairs with T (2 bonds) & G pairs with C (3 bonds)
A pairs with G (3 bonds) & T pairs with C (2 bonds)
13
Which specific type of bond is a covalent bond between amine and carboxyl groups of amino acids?
peptide bond
hydrogen bond
ionic bond
sulfide bond
14
Facilitated diffusion
diffusion of water from high concentration to low concentration
facilitates the diffusion of water
uses a protein channel to move molecules from high concentration to low
uses a protein channel to move molecules from low concentration to high
15
Why would water move into this cell?
Higher water concentration inside the cell than outside
To add water to the cell because plants need water
Less solute inside the cell than outside
Higher solute concentration inside the cell than outside
16
Which of the following does NOT have a cell wall?
fungi
plant
animal
bacteria
17
Which macromolecule(s) have nitrogen?
Nucleic Acids & Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
18
Cell: 60% water, 40% solute. Solution: 82% water, 18% solute. What will happen to the cell?
Cell shrinks
Cell stays the same
Cell gets bigger
19
Which of the following accurately describes cohesion?
pH of 1-6
water molecules binding to other water molecules
pH of 8-14
water molecules binding to other surfaces
20
This image shows water moving into a plant cell. What is this an example of?
A cell in a hypotonic solution
A cell in a hypertonic solution
A cell in an isotonic solution
A hypotonic cell
21
Which of the following describes membrane-enclosed sacs that contain enzymes?
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Golgi complex
22
Which of the following correctly describe the movement of water?
Cell w/ 0.5M concentration will lose water to the 0.5M exterior solution
Cell w/ 0.5M concentration will gain water from the 0.5M exterior solution
Cell w/ 1.0M concentration will gain water from the 0.5M exterior solution
Cell w/ 0.5M concentration will gain water from the 1.0M exterior solution
23
If you were analyzing a graph, where would you find the independent variable and the dependent variable?
independent variable on the x-axis - manipulative variable on the y-axis
independent variable on the x-axis - dependent variable on the x-axis
responding variable on the y-axis - dependent variable on the x-axis
independent variable on the x-axis - depedendent variable on the y-axis
24
Which of the following correctly lists the monomer and the polymer?
nitrogenous base : amino acid
monosaccharide : carbohydrate
amino acid : carbohydrate
sugar : protein
25
Which of the following requires an input of energy for membrane transport?
Water moving out of a hypotonic cell
Charged ion moving against concentration gradient
Water moving into a hypertonic cell
Charged ion moving with concentration gradient
26
The picture describes the endosymbiotic theory.
True
False
27
Which macromolecule(s) have phosphorus?
Carbohydrates
Fats
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
28
Which is responsible for storage and release of macromolecules and cellular waster products. In plants, aids in turgor.
Lysosome
Vacuoles
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondria
29
Which of the following accurately describes adhesion?
water molecules binding to other surfaces
water molecules binding to other water molecules
pH of 1-6
pH of 8-14
30
Which of the following statements is true regarding the sodium/potassium pump?
moves sodium and potassium from high concentration to low concentration
pumps 3 sodium into the cell and 2 potassium out of the cell
example of passive transport
pumps 3 sodium out of the cell and 2 potassium into the cell
31
Describes the forming of a bond between monomers with the removal of a water molecule.
Hydrolysis
Dehydration
32
Which of the following best describes the selective permeability of the cell membrane?
membrane regulates transport of intracellular substances out, not into cell
membrane regulates transport of all substances into & out of cell
membrane regulates transport of specific substances into & out of cell
membrane regulates transport of extracellular substances into cell, not out
33
Which of the following is an appropriate example when asked to
IDENTIFY
in an FRQ question?
After 10 mins, 90% of pillbugs remained in the wet chamber.
Egg gains mass if [solute] is lower outside egg causing H2O tomove into egg
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Oxidative phosphorylation
Rough ER function: protein synthesis, packaging, and transport
34
Which protein structure involves the peptide bonds between amino acids?
secondary
primary
tertiary
quaternary
35
A base has a pH lower than 7.
False
True
36
Describe the orientation of the phospholipids in the membrane.
Phospholipids orient in monolayer with hydrophobic tails on extracellular
Phospholipids orient in monolayer with hydrophilic head on extracellular
Phospholipids orient in bilayer with hydrophilic heads on exterior
Phospholipids orient in bilayer with hydrophobic tails on exterior
37
In the picture, the inner portion of the plasma membrane is made of ______.
Hydrophilic heads
Hydrophobic tails
Hydrophilic tails
Hydrophobic heads
38
Do you need to write in complete sentences on the AP Biology FRQ exam?
Of course
No
39
Describe the relationship between cell size and SA:V ratios.
As cells increase in size, the SA:V ratio increases
Cell size has no effect on the SA:V ratio
As cells increase in size, the SA:V ratio decreases
As cells decrease in size, the SA:V ratio decreases
40
Where is the site of protein synthesis?
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
Ribosome
Nucleus
41
Stacks of thylakoid discs are called
Thylakoids
Granum
Stroma
Stoma
42
Which protein structure forms alpha helix or beta-pleated sheets?
secondary
primary
quaternary
tertiary
43
Which macromolecule is this structure?
lipid
carbohydrate
protein
nucleic acid
44
Which of the following is a type of active transport?
simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
exocytosis
osmosis
45
Which of the following is NOT a part of a nucleotide?
Sugar
Nitrogenous Bases
peptide bond
Phosphate Group
46
Which of the following is NOT in the monomer of a nucleic acid?
phosphate
nitrogenous base
pentose sugar
amino acid
47
Which of the following molecules can NOT freely diffuse through the membrane?
oxygen
carbon dioxide
water
glucose
48
Which property of water is shown in the picture?
cohesion
polarity
high specific heat
hydrogen bond
49
DNA and RNA differ on many qualities, which of the following is NOT a difference?
Phosphate Group
Sugar
Nitrogenous Bases
# of strands
50
Which of the following is an appropriate example when asked to
DESCRIBE
in an FRQ question?
After 10 mins, 90% of pillbugs remained in the wet chamber.
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Oxidative phosphorylation
Rough ER function: protein synthesis, packaging, and transport
Egg gains mass if [solute] is lower outside egg causing H2O tomove into egg
51
Which of the following is an appropriate example when asked to
EXPLAIN
in an FRQ question?
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Oxidative phosphorylation
After 10 mins, 90% of pillbugs remained in the wet chamber.
Egg gains mass if [solute] is lower outside egg causing H2O tomove into egg
Rough ER function: protein synthesis, packaging, and transport
52
Cell: 60% water, 40% solute. Solution: 82% water, 18% solute. What type of solution is the cell in?
hypotonic
isotonic
hypertonic
53
Describes the breaking of a bond within a polymer using water.
Hydrolysis
Dehydration
54
Which of the following is a null hypothesis?
Neither are examples of a null hypothesis.
There will be no change in plant growth if fertilizer x is added.
Fertilizer x will increase plant growth.
Both are examples of a null hypothesis.
