Early modernism to modernism

influential art and design movement

INTERNATIONAL STYLE example

Ruskin's advocacy of traditional aesthetic values and craftsmanship was largely taken up by Morris

tall buildings should embrace this characteristic their dominant architectural expression should be one of verticality.

CONSTRUCTIVISM Soviet Union example

His work culminated in designing the interior of the Palace of Westminster and its renowned clock tower

received his 1st international commission for the Pavilion of Italian Industry for Expo 70 which was greatly admired by

famous for his restoration of the most prominent medieval landmarks in France.

pioneer of Modern Architecture and was the founder of the Bauhaus, a revolutionary art school in Germany

admired by Mackintosh because of its restraint and economy of means, simple forms and natural materials

Gaudi's known as the greatest exponent of Catalan Modernism

the two men decided to open their own firm, Piano and Rogers, where they worked together

Foster collaborated with American architect on several projects that became catalysts in the development of an approach

"God's architect", was a Catalan architect and designer from Spain

Metabolists conceived a building as a kind of synthesis of organism and machine

ORIENTALISM Region

Mendelsohn was a pioneer of the Art Deco and Streamline Moderne architecture

Chinese-American architect who was greatly inspired by Cubism

was coined by Henry Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson and became the global symbol of modernity. "minimalist"

Vladimir's Often described as a

a group of leading architects working in the city around the tum of the century- is not usually thought of as Modernist

founder of Russian Constructivism

British textile designer poet artist writer and socialist activist associated with the British Arts and Crafts movement.

played a key role in the architectural movements of the 20th century, influencing architects worldwide

Ruskin's most coherent statement of his architectural theory, expanding his earlier publication.

He is often called a blank modernist for the way he moved beyond the rigid glass-box aesthetic

Johnson's best-known designs is his modernist Glass House in New Canaan, Connecticut.

Expressionism germany and netherlands, example

TOTALITARIAN REACTIONS Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, Stalinist Soviet Union example

known for his role in introducing the International Style into American architecture.

Fallingwater, one of Wright's best- known works, where he pushed this idea to its limits

Horta's considered a precursor of modern architecture for his open floor plans.

sought the radical fusion of art, industry and technology to create a new visual language for everyday life

Foster's a key figure in British modernist architecture. known for sleek modern designs of steelandglass. Pritzker Prize

an English writer, philosopher, art historian, art critic and polymath of the Victorian era.

Wright influencing architects worldwide through his works and hundreds of apprentices in his established school

Eugene was a professor in

German-British architect known for his Expressionist architecture&for developing a dynamic functionalism in his projects

Johnson curated the controversial 1932 show

most influential urban planner and architect of the 20th century.

ART DECO Region

Meyer brought his radical functionalist philosophy which he named

CHICAGO STYLE

Ladovsky considered the main factors influencing shape formation in the following sequence:

METABOLISM Japan example

Utzon's design of this complex of theaters and halls has been called

became known around the world as an example of Scandinavia's quiet, "rational" nationalism.

associated with the development of high-tech architecture and is recognized as a key figure in British modernist archi.

Neutra's most notable works include the

Swiss architect and second director of the Bauhaus Dessau

Mies is often associated with his fondness for the aphorisms

Eero's architectural style can be classified as Neo-Futuristic - meaning it takes an idealistic view

BRUTALISM Britain example

High-tech also known as blank where buildings are often called machine-like - with steel, aluminum, and glass

emerged after World War II but was rooted in the ideas of functionalism and monumental simplicity

His major creative restoration projects included

NEW OBJECTIVITY germany example

The Villa Savoye, the ultimate embodiment of his 'Five Points' (piloti ribbon window free plan, free façade roof garden)

Finland's most celebrated architect and is sometimes called the "Father of Modernism" in the Scandinavian countries.

FUNCTIONALISM Europe, especially Germany and Scandinavia example

Mendelsohn's work in Germany was undoubtedly the Expressionism movement's greatest work

among the most important figures of Modern Style (British Art Nouveau style)

Saarinen's first major work with the firm, the Finnish Pavilion at the Paris 1900 World Fair

Sullivan's considered as The Father of Skyscrapers and The First Modern Architect.

known for combining Modernism with the weight and dignity of ancient monuments.

favored a focus on the timeless, universal qualities of architecture.

Danish architect who won international design competition in 1957 for his design of the Sydney Opera House in Australia

English architect with French and Swiss origins. remembered for his pioneering role in the Gothic Revival style

developed in response to the emergence of tall, steel- frame skyscrapers in the 1890s

one of the leaders in a trend toward exploration and experiment in American architectural design

Mies called it blank due to their minimal uses of industrial materials

Wright believed in designing in harmony with humanity and the environment, a philosophy he called

HIGH-TECH International example

ARTS AND CRAFTS region

Ruskin rejected the classical tradition, seeing it as pagan in derivation and stupefied in revival

known for his use of reinforced concrete and highly complex floor plans.

the simplification and modulation of form while rejecting the society's bourgeois notion of beauty.

Placing the building's services in full view is a trademark of Rogers technique that went on to be known as

a leading figure in the direction of architectural rationalism

pioneer of Modern Architecture and was the last director of the Bauhaus

Ludwig became director of the architecture school at what is today called

Finnish-American architect known for his work with Art Nouveau buildings

one of the founders of the Art Nouveau movement. He was one of Belgium's most accomplished and innovative architects

awarded the RIBA Gold Medal,Thomas Jefferson Medal, the RIBA Stirling Prize, Minerva Medal, and the 2007 Pritzker Prize.

Tatlin is remembered most for his blank a design for the Communist International headquarters

comparing his approach to the growth patterns of nature.

Both Rogers and Piano were perhaps best known for their collaborative work on the

the first director of the architecture department of the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) in New York.

juxtaposed fifteenth-century buildings with contemporary Ones showing the stark differences between the benign charity

Wright was the pioneer of the Prairie School movement of architecture and also developed the concept of the Usonian hous

Meyer also brought the two most significant building commissions for the Bauhaus school

BEAUX-ARTS (FINE ARTS) region

Viollet-le-Duc wrote over 100 publications on architecture, decoration, history, archeology, etc. throughout his life.

Pei's most iconic structure remains his glass and steel

the most famous architect of the Chicago School

Le Corbusier was known for his famous quote

ESSENTIALISM US example