Proactive interference is....

1st info occupies memory, leaving fewer space for newer info

all events R governed by lawful, cause&effect relationships

systems store info in diff forms for diff amounts of time

Retrieval is when info is passed on from the ____ to ____

Long term memory, short term memory

Retroactive interference is…

New info overshadows older info that hasn’t made it to LTM

Infantile amnesia is…

Phenomenon that we don’t remember anything from before age 3

What is REM behavior disorder

Individuals act out the content of their dreams

Why are overdoses of some drugs are more common when they are taken in new environments?

old envir. their bodies metabolize drugs before consumed

The Melancholic (black bile) give you the tendency to...

Be independent, perfectionistic, and a bit introverted

___ prolonging exposure to info by repetition, ___ is prolonging exposure info understanding it

Elaborative rehearsal, coordinated rehearsal

The George Sperling Experiment concluded that…

Info’s held longer in echoic memory than in iconic memory

The Principal of Parsimony states...

That the most simplest statement is the one to accept

the mental representation of an object event, or idea

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Psych Exam (PSYA01) Flashcards | StudBud

Psych Exam (PSYA01)

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Questions 324

Answers

1
Photoreceptor that is sensitive to different wavelengths of light to perceive colour
Rods
Pupil
Cones
Fovea
2
participants respond in ways increasing chances that they will be viewed favourably by others
Social tendency
Social acceptance
Social desirability
Social effect
3
Proactive interference is....
Active info overshadows inactive info
1st info occupies memory, leaving fewer space for newer info
Physical activity interferes with memory processes
New info overshadows older info that hasn’t made it to LTM
4
Part of the neuron that contains the nucleus that houses genetic material is...
Soma
Nucleus
Chromatin
Dendrites
5
Involved in regulating mood, sleep and appetite
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Dopamine
Norepinepherine
6
Functions in the sensation and perception of taste
all of the above
Olfactory system
Primary taste
Gustatory system
7
Stimulates the pituitary gland & produces hormones
Adrenal gland
Cerebellum
Prefrontal cortex
Hypothalamus
8
Determinism is....
all events R governed by lawful, cause&effect relationships
Belief that all events are meditated upon society
that society drives the way people interact
events that occur are planned by an all knowing being
9
What is memory?
Systems that help us retrieve info at a given time
Systems that help us encode info at a given time
Long-term and short-term memory
systems store info in diff forms for diff amounts of time
10
Retrieval is when info is passed on from the ____ to ____
Sensory memory, long term memory
Sensory memory, short term memory
Long term memory, sensory memory
Long term memory, short term memory
11
Consciousness is a person’s subjective awareness, including thoughts, perceptions, experiences
False
True
12
Detection of raw external events with sense organs & turning those stimuli into neural signals
Preception
Sensation
Processing
Organization
13
Retroactive interference is…
1st info occupies memory, leaving fewer space for newer info
New info overshadows older info that hasn’t made it to LTM
Physical activity interferes with memory processes
Active info overshadows inactive info
14
Availability heuristic;individual solves a problem involving number&uses a previous knowledge
True
False
15
_____ is when a measure provides consistent and stable answers across multiple observations....
Perseption
Generalizability
Reliability
Objectivity
16
Infantile amnesia is…
Phenomenon that we don’t remember anything from before age 2
When someone gets amnesia before age 2
When someone gets amnesia before age 3
Phenomenon that we don’t remember anything from before age 3
17
A failure to notice clearly visible events or objects because attention is directed elsewhere
Intentional blindness
Inattentional blindness
Divided attention
Selective attention
18
Whether a stimuli is perceived depends on bothe sensory experience and judgements
Hebb's theory
Signal detection theory
Ernst's theory
Weber's theory
19
Somatic nervous system controls
Neuron activity
Action potential
Organs & glands
Skeletal muscles
20
observations, developing theories to explain them, and creating predictions is called...
Scientific literacy
hypothesis
An experiment
Scientific method
21
The likeliness of anxiety in twins is greater in….
Dizygotic twins
This statement is false
Both are equally likely
Monozygotic twins
22
curiosity and skepticism in evaluating the claims of others along with our belief is?
The doctrine of psychology
critical thinking
Predictions
Social imagination
23
Which part of the brain is associated with encoding LTM?
All kinds of emotion
Neutral emotions
Amygdala
Negative emotions
24
Reconsolidation= hippocampus updates/strengthens/modifies existing long term memories
This process is actually recollection
FALSE
TRUE
This process is actually consolidation
25
organized cluster of memories tht constitute one’s knowledge/beliefs about events/objects/ideas
Is called self-infantiles
Is called schemas
Is called infantiles
Is called self-schemas
26
Mood-dependent memory= ppl remember better their mood during retrieval&encoding are the same
True
False
27
Autonomic nervous system consists of the
All of the above
Sympathetic & Parasympathetic
Impulse & Control
Sympathetic & Skeletal
28
An approach that psychologist focus on the whole of perception&experience rather than its parts
Gestalt psychology
Functionalism
Structuralism
Cross-cultural psychology
29
___are circles that represent concepts
Cones
Prototypes
Nodes
Categories
30
Learning that occurs, but is not expressed until later, is called
Discriminative learning
Latent learning
Classical conditioning
Observational learning
31
The group in the experiment that receives the stimuli targeting a specific behaviour is called
Control group
Targeted group
Experimental group
Treatment group
32
What is REM behavior disorder
Individuals act out the content of their dreams
Individuals become paralyzed while dreaming
Individuals cannot fall into a deep sleep
Individuals cannot dream
33
Jane sits in front of a computer, staring at letters flashing on the screen. This is
Phonological priming
Priming
Lexical decision task method
Frequency effect
34
Gestalt Psychology emphasizes that the individuals are greater than the whole
who care
True
idk
False
35
Why are overdoses of some drugs are more common when they are taken in new environments?
When in a new envir neuro. don’t fire as often in old envir.
Individuals are peer pressured when in new environments
This false, overdoses occur in old and new environments
old envir. their bodies metabolize drugs before consumed
36
Refers to the radiation that occupies a relatively narrow band of electromagnetic spectrum
Amplitude
Frequency
Wavelength
Light
37
where both experimenter&participant don’t know the treatment for the individuals is called
Double blind study
Single blind study
Blind study
Triple blind study
38
The Melancholic (black bile) give you the tendency to...
Be extroverted, dependent, and pleasure seeking
Be quiet, charismatic, and independent
Be loud, perfectionistic, and charismatic
Be independent, perfectionistic, and a bit introverted
39
Releases stress hormones like, cortisol and epinepherine
Testosterone
Pituitary gland
Adrenal gland
Hypothalamus
40
The time and manner in which info is retained between encoding&retrieval is called…
Memory state
Memory
Memory gap
Memory storage
41
The control group in a lesioning stimulation is the
Pseudo group
Sham group
TMS group
Lesion group
42
___ prolonging exposure to info by repetition, ___ is prolonging exposure info understanding it
Maintenance rehearsal, coordinated rehearsal
Repetition, understanding
Maintenance rehearsal, elaborative rehearsal
Elaborative rehearsal, coordinated rehearsal
43
Distance cues that are based on the differing perspectives of both eyes
Binocular depth cues
Retinal disparity
Stereoscopic vision
Monocular cues
44
The George Sperling Experiment concluded that…
Info’s held longer in iconic memory than in echoic memory
Info’s held for the same amount of time in any memory
Info’s held longer in echoic memory than in iconic memory
None of the above
45
The Principal of Parsimony states...
That the most scientific is the one to accept
That the most general statement is the one to accept
That the most simplest statement is the one to accept
That it doesn't matter which one we accept
46
Hormone that reduces pain and induces pleasure
Adrenal gland
Endorphin
Morphine
Pituitary gland
47
Experience of pain interaction between nerves that transmit pain messages&inhibits the messages
Fast fibre theory
Gate-control theory
Nociception theory
Pain theory
48
Phantom limb sensations are experienced by amputees who report pain in absent limbs
False
True
49
Emotional memory is when emotion is a highlighter for memories, making them easier to retrieve
True
False
50
Adjusts the size of a pupil, and gives the eye colour
Lens
Pupil
Cornea
Iris
51
What is a concept?
An explanation for a broad range of observations
the mental representation of an object event, or idea
A testable prediction about processes being observe &measure
clusters of interrelated ideas
52
an interconnected set of nodes (or concepts) and the links that join them to form a category
Semantic Network
Node network
Automatic network
Categorization web
53
What are the two types of cognitive obstacles?
Mental set and Functional fixedness
Functional set and mental fixedness
Functional and mental set
Functional and mental fixedness
54
Refers to the observable characteristics
Genes
Homozygous
Genotypes
Pheontypes
55
Extends from the pinna to eardrum
Auditory canal
Cochlea
Basilar membrane
Ossicles
56
What is the serial position effect?
We don’t remember anything on the list
We only recall the items in the middle of the list
We recall the 1st few items on list&last few,but not middle
We remember only the things we want to remember
57
What is NOT true about DMT
Effects involve unwanted flashbacks
Blocks receptors for glutamate
Found in small amounts in the human system
used to help those addicted to tobacco + alcohol
58
How does Cocaine increase energy and euphoria?
Blocks receptors for glutamate
cocaine inc. the amount of dopamine in the synapse
Stimulates the release of a high amount of serotonin
Reduces connectivity between temporal + parietal lobe
59
Declarative memories are memories that we are consciously aware of and can be verbalized
This statement makes no sense
False
True
This statement is true for nondeclarative memories
60
Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis suggests that dreams arise from brain activity originating..
activity originating from excitatory messages from the pons
excitatory messages from frontal lobes part of the brainstem
None of the above
rom excitatory messages from the pons, part of the Hindbrain
61
What is NOT true about Ketamine
Its an example of a short acting hallucinogen
Originally designed as a surgical anesthetic
Induces memory loss
Found in small amounts in the human system
62
Involves examining an issue or behaviour without performing measurements of the variables is..
Correlation research
Statistical research
Quantitative research
Qualitative research
63
a tendency to be quiet, relaxed, and content with life is...
Socially Awkward
Phlegmatic
Choleric
Happiness
64
Psychological dependence:
emotional need 4 drug develops without physical dependence
emotional need for a drug develops with physical dependence
65
Basal ganglia affects people with
Down syndrome
Alzheimers
Tourrette's syndrome
All of the above
66
An Algorithin is problem-solving strategies based on series of rules
False
True
67
What is the first stage of the scientific model?
look at the stars
gather past, present and future studies about the topic
Investigate the knowledge of people relevant to the study
gather knowledge about the topic that we're investigating.
68
region of left frontal lobe that controls ability to articulate speech sounds that make words
Darwin’s area
Riemann’s area
Wernicke’s area
Broca’s area
69
__ enhances or mimics the activity of a neurotransmitter
idk
Antagonist
Agonist
Drugs
70
______ integration is the ability to combine sensations from vision or hearing
Synesthesia
Multimodal
Integral
Sensory
71
Declarative memory has 2 varieties…
Episodic and iconic
Semantic and iconic
Echoic and iconic
Episodic and semantic
72
increase in connectivity/transmission of neural signals between nerve cells tht fire together
Long term connectivity
Long term potentiation
Long term transmission
Long term neurotransmitting
73
Junctions between nerve cells and skeletal muscles
Acetylcholine
Cortisol
Ligaments
Joints
74
Genetics are the basic units of….
DNA
Heredity
Biological psychology
Genotypes
75
Reinforcement is delivered after a specific number of responses have been completed
Variable-ratio schedule
Fixed-ratio schedule
Fixed-interval schedule
Variable-interval schedule
76
A major perceptual centre of the brain involved in perceiving what we hear
Primary Auditory cortex
Volley principle
Sensory auditory cortex
Perception
77
Correlation research is...
Measurable degree of conherence between 2 or more variables
Measurable degree of association between 2 or more variables
all of the above
Measurable degree of corelation between 2 or more variables
78
Being raised as a member of a family that wasn’t of the same species is…
Cross-cultured
Cross-natured
Cross-adopted
Cross-fostered
79
What is the study of different personalities characteristics influencing how we think and act
Gestalt Psychology
Personality Psychology
Hebb's Law
Psychology
80
A method in which responses are provided directly by the people who are being studied is.....
Investigating
Qualitative research
Self reporting
Naturalistic research
81
___ Making judgements of likelihood based on how well an example represents specific category
Availability heuristic
Anchoring effect
Representativeness heuristic
Conjunction fallacy
82
Encoding is when info is passed on from the ____ to ____
Short term memory, long term memory
Short term memory, sensory memory
Sensory memory, long term memory
Sensory memory, short term memory
83
____ is any rhythm that occurs over a period of time longer than a day
Ultradian rhythm
Infradian rhythm
Circadian rhythm
Circannual rhythm
84
Neurotransmitter released;neuron into the synapse&bind onto receptor on surface of other neuron
False
True
85
The 50th percentile is...
median
mean
mode
medium
86
Primary inhibitor neurotransmitter of the nervous system & prevents action potentials
Glutamate
Cortisol
Cortisol
GABA
87
According to the psychoanalytic approach, the imagery of our dreams can take two forms:
Activate and Synthesize Content
Manifest Content and Latent Content
Manifest Content and Latex Content
Activation Content and Synthesis Content
88
Regulates stress responses
Serotonin
Norepinepherine
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
89
Playing the piano, walking, and tieing shoes are examples of…
Semantic memory
Episodic memory
Procedural memory
Muscle memory
90
Peripheral Nervous System consists of the
Somatic & Automatic
Sympathetic & Parasympathetic
Somatic & Autonomic
Autonomic & Sympathetic
91
Face blindness, inability to recognize faces, but can recognize facial features
Fusiform face area
Optic chiasm
Lateral geniculate nucleus
Prosopagnosia
92
What is one out of the four temperaments made by Galen
Cholesterolic
Tempurpedic
Sanguanine
Phlegmatic
93
The memory of specific experiences is….
Emotional memory
Experiential memory
Exponential memory
Episodic memory
94
Theory that maintains colour vision which is determined by long, medium and short wavelengths
Wavelength theory
Dark adaption theory
Opponent-process theory
Trichromatic theory
95
Two or more groups that are compared are selected based on predetermined characteristics is....
Quantitative research
Qualitative research
Within-subjects designs
Quasi-experimental research
96
Population is...
A particular group being observed
The group that researchers wants to generalize about
Generalization of the society being studied
The amount of people in a city, country or continent
97
Monoamines are known to
Deal with stress
Influence behaviour
Help with biological processes
Influence mood
98
To be a critical thinker, you have to...
Examine the nature and source of evidence
Be curious
Avoid overly emotional thinking
Examine assumptions and biases
99
What is a behaviour change that occurs as a result of being observed called?
all of the above
Hawthorne effect
Double blind study
Single-blind study
100
A neuron’s relatively stable state during which the cell is not transmitting messages
Resting potential
Action potential
Charged potentail
Energy potential
101
The minute space between the terminal button and the dendrite
Nerve cell
Synaptic cleft
Potential threshold
Neurons
102
shows us that some members of a category are recognized faster than others
Classical categorization
Sentence-verification
Concept Categorization
Graded membership
103
The variable that the experimenter manipulates to distinguish between 2+ groups is called
Distinguishing variable
Independent variable
Manipulative variable
Dependent variable
104
Consists of specialized receptors that absorb light and send signals of light to the brain
Cornea
Retina
Pupil
Iris
105
To look within is....
Introspection
Inception
Extrospection
Interspection
106
What is the third stage of the scientific literacy model?
Write your study paper and submit it to the Science Counsil
examine limitations of the studies discussed earlier
Get funds to pay for study
we also look for alternative explanations for the results
107
Enhance or mimic the effects of a neurotransmitter’s action
Edorphin
Antagonist
Cortisol
Agonist
108
The concept of latent learning was developed by ______
Tolman
Throndike
Skinner
Watson
109
_ is when repeated use of a drug results in a need for a higher dose to get the intended effect
Psychological dependence
Tolerance
Physical dependence
Regulation
110
The field of psychology concentrating on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders
Biomedical psychology
all of the above
Clinical psychology
Medical Diagnostic
111
What happens during the second stage of sleep?
The brain produces delta waves
Theta waves form
REM sleep begins
Sleep spindles and K complexes form
112
What is an example of long term effect of Ecstasy?
Impairs sensitivity of visual regions in the occipital lobes
Reduce connectivity between areas temporal&parietal lobe
Blocks receptors for glutamate
113
Which part of the brain is associated with encoding LTM?
Amygdala
Frontal lobe
Hippocampus
Cerebellum
114
A procedure in which an electromagnetic pulse is delivered to a targeted region of the brain
PET
MEG
fMRI
TMS
115
focuses on the individual,freedom to act,rational thought;belief that humans differ from animal
Humanistic Psychology
Ethical Psychology
none of the above
Evolutionary Psychology
116
According to the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve, we forget ___ of the info learned within an hour
½
All
¾
¼
117
The psychoanalytic approach is a theory of dreaming developed by:
James Mill
John B Watson
Ernest Weber
Sigmund Freud
118
Top down processing is when our perception is influenced by prior knowledge
True
False
nah
Most definitely false
119
dividing samples into 2+group where participants R equally likely to be placed in any condition
Specific assignment
Random assignment
Condition assignment
Technical assignment
120
The category with the highest frequency is...
medium
mean
median
mode
121
What is a type of modern perspective that focuses on processes such as memory,thinking,language
Behaviourism
Psychophysics
Cognitive Psychology
Introspection
122
group that doesn’t receive the stimuli and serves as the baseline for the experiment is called
Base group
Dependent group
Experimental group
Control group
123
Explaining behaviour as a product of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors is...
Psychosocial Model
Biopsychosocial Model
Sociocultural Model
Psychosocialbiological Model
124
The study by Elizabeth Loftus and John Palmer indicated that…
Change of tone didn’t change ppl’s memories of the accident
Change tone question altered ppl’s memories of the accident
Changing wording question altered ppl’s memory accident
wording didn’t change ppl’s memories of the accident
125
Hormone that drives physical and sexual development and is linked to social aggression
Glutamate
Morphine
Testosterone
Serotonin
126
What is a stimulant?
“downers” depress activity of the central nervous systems
substances that produce perceptual distortions
speed up nervous system, enhancing wakefulness and alertness
reduce pain & induce extremely intense feelings of euphoria
127
Disadvantages of sexual selection
Difficulty to look desirable
Attracts predators
all of the above
Attractiveness is heredity
128
Extends from the visual cortex to the lower part of the temporal lobe
Dorsal stream
Optic nerve
Spinal Cord
Ventral stream
129
Down regulation is when
receptors move further away from the synapse
receptors move closer to the synapse
130
Organizing smaller units of info into larger, more meaningful units is called…
Rehearsal
Memorization
Organization
Chunking
131
The rules for combining words and morphemes into meaningful phrases is called
Synactic
Syntax
Syntaxtic
Synapse
132
Escape Learning
Behavior decreases bc it removes/diminishes a stimulus
Removes the possibility that a stimulus will occur
Strengthening a behavior bc it removes/diminishes a stimulus
Removes a stimulus that is already present
133
Which one of these is not a social factor?
ethnicity/culture
peers
personality
Family
134
Functions as a relay station between sensory and motor areas
Forebrain
Cerebellum
Hindbrain
Midbrain
135
____- Reflects the mistaken belief that finding a specific member in two overlapping categories
Availability heuristic
Anchoring effect
Conjunction fallacy
Representativeness heuristic
136
Taste aversions seem to be specific examples of what type of learning?
Classical conditioning
Insight learning
Vicarious learning
Operant conditioning
137
_influence how categorize individual objects&how the objects in our world relate to one another
Cultural Factors
Emotional factors
Social factors
Genetics
138
Referring to a general set of beliefs of a particular culture at a specific time in history is?
Dualism
Zeistgeist
Psychophysics
Materialism
139
An approach interpreting human behaviour in terms of forces acting upon our distant ancestors
Darwinism
Humanistic psychology
Ancestry psychology
Evolutionary psychology
140
Which kind of emotion improves memory the most?
All kinds of emotion
Neutral emotions
Negative emotions
Positive emotions
141
Hypnosis is based on an interaction between
None of the above
The automatic and supervisory system
The conscious and unconscious mind
All of the above
142
The study of nonlinguistic elements of language use
Linguistimatics
Programatics
Languanatics
Pragmatics
143
Which hemisphere is responsible for specialized subjects like language and math
Right
Middle
Left
None of the above
144
The auditory form of sensory memory that holds info for 5-10 seconds is called…
Iconic memory
Auditory memory
Echoic memory
Episodic memory
145
Stimulation of specialized receptors that convert light into interpretable messages
Transduction
Photoreceptors
Saturation
Accomodation
146
How closely the changes in one variable are linked to changes in another variable is....
none of the above
Frequency
Magnitude (or strength)
all of the above
147
a neurotransmitter that is involved in responses to rewarding, pleasurable feelings
Endorphin
Oxytocine
Dopamine
Serotonin
148
Genes are composed of DNA containing…
Chromatin
Neurons
Amino acids
Chromosomes
149
Choleric(yellow bile), tendency to be ambitious, energetic, and a bit aggressive
False
True
The right answer is Melancholic
This statement is Phlegmatic
150
In general, studying is more effective when
All of the studying occurs in one long session
Desirable difficulties are present
Info is organized in outlines that can quickly be reviewed
The total amount of studying time is short
151
Critical to the process of learning and memory
Cortisol
Epinepherine
Glutamate
Serotonin
152
What is convenience sampling?
The sample the researcher picks
A select group of population members
all of the above
Samples of individuals who are the most readily available
153
The theory that the language we use determines how we understand the world
Linguistic relativity
Whorfian hypothesis
Heuristics
Functional fixedness
154
Executive processing involves processes such as the control of attention and problem solving
True
False
155
Major destination after the optic nerve is
Dorsal stream
ventral stream
Optic chiasm
Hindbrain
156
what is the second stage of the scientific literacy model
Gather more intel because knowledge is the key to success
Give up and not contribute to society because plagarism
Just do your experiment
If the information on topic has been in scientific studies
157
A variable outside of researcher’s control that may affect results is called
Interfering variable
Confounding variable
Outlier variable
Affecting variable
158
Statedependent memory= encoding is more effective internal state matches state during retrieval
False
True
159
Ability to perceive objects as having constant shape, size, and colour
Size constancy
colour constancy
Shape consistency
Perceptual consistency
160
What does Generalization show us?
That a topic can applies to anything and everything
Universities & hospitals can provide insight into behaviours
That studies conducted in a lab are only applicable to psych
none of the above
161
Problem-solving strategies that stem from prior experiences
Heuristics
Functional Fixedness
Algorithims
Mental set
162
Presenting a stimulus to a person that decreases the probability of a response is known as
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
Negative reinforcement
Vicarious punishment
163
Contributes to wakefulness and plays a role in dreaming
Forebrain
Medulla
Midbrain
Pons
164
What is Psychology?
The study of the mind and body working in unison
The study of behaviour, thought, experience
The study of external influences impacting a person's life
all of the above
165
A subtype of amnesia → inability to form new memories after the brain injury is called...
Retrograde amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
Cross-cortical amnesia
Amnesia
166
Structuralism definition: The study of the purpose & function of behaviour&conscious experience
You're wildin
False
True
no
167
Consolidation= process of converting short-term memories into long-term memories
This is FALSE
This is TRUE
This process is actually called retrieval
This process is actually called encoding
168
A sensory system in the ear that provides info about spatial orientation of the head
Sympathetic system
Vestibular sack
Central nervous system
Vestibular system
169
The process of identifying where sound comes from
Sound diversion
Sound conversion
Sound differentiation
Sound localization
170
Which is not a type of Frequency?
Normal distribution
Exponential distribution
Positively skeweddistribution
Negative skewed distribution
171
A technique intended to improve memory for specific info is called a…
Memoranics
Study skill
Memory mechanism
Mnemonic
172
The degree to which scores are dispersed in a distribution is...
Central Tendency
Validity
Variability
The bell curve
173
third unmeasured variable is responsible for a well-established correlation between 2 variables
Third variable method
Third variable interference
Third variable problem
Third variable theory
174
Area of brain most associated with finding meaning of words
Wernicke’s area
Broca’s area
Darwin’s area
Riemann’s area
175
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Taking away privileges if a child does not follow rules
Ending class 10 minutes early if students complete homework
Giving children candy for completing their homework
Removing a child's chores when he or she completes homework
176
What is the observed effect of bilingualism on children?
Higher grades
Smaller vocabulary
Higher IQ
Greater vocabulary
177
Minimum amount of energy or quantity of stimulus required for it to be detected 50% of the tim
none of the above
Just noticeable difference
Absolute threshold
Difference Threshold
178
Measures patterns of brain activity with the use of multiple electrodes attached to the scalp
Electroencephalogram
Magnetoencephalography
PET scans
fMRI
179
People integrate new stimuli based on
The opinions of others
Social factors
Their past experiences
Cultural factors
180
A statistical method of evaluating whether differences among groups are meaningful,or by chance
Hypothesis test
Theory experiment
Prediction analysis
Falsifiable test
181
In Pavlov's experiment, the bell was the...
Conditioned response
Unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
Conditioned stimulus
182
What is sleep Apnea
A disorder; temporary inability to breathe during sleep
where an individual experiences extreme daytime sleepiness
A disorder where an individual is unable to dream
All of the above
183
The study of learning was not limited to classical conditioning is ....
Behaviourism
Radical behaviourism
Humanistic psychology
Simplistic behaviourism
184
statement that describe the procedure&specific measures that are used to record observation is?
Operational definitions
Reliability
Operant conditioning
Objective measurements
185
Reuptake is the process in which neurotransmitter molecules are ______ in synapses
Absorbed
Released
Excreted
Produced
186
where participants don’t know true purpose of study/treatment they are receiving is called
Blind study
Double blind study
Triple blind study
Single blind study
187
What is Materialism?
Material objects is the key to happiness in Western society
Humans, are composed exclusively of physical matter.
A trend in Western society to buy large amounts
Is the consumption of material objects to fill a void
188
Fetch info from body and bring it to the brain
None of the above
Motor neurons
Sensory neurons
Aon terminals
189
When specialized receptors transform physical energy of the outside world into neural impulses
Neuroception
Production
Perception
Transduction
190
Demonstrated that memory-a behaviour we can measure is related to activity the cellular level.
Herb's Law
none of the above
Herber's Law
Hebb's Law
191
What is the definition of language?
Form of communication between different people
Form of communication in spoken/written/gestural form
Form of communication in reading/writing/learning form
Form of communication and expression
192
States that we perceive colour in terms of opposing pairs
Wavelength theory
Trichromatic theory
Opponent- process theory
Dark adaptation theory
193
Neurons are responsible for…
Sending and receiving messages in the body
Activating action potential
all of the above
Providing the body with impulses
194
Central tendency is...
The frequency of the data collected
A measure of the central point of the data collected
The average of a set of numbers
A measure of the central point of a distributon
195
The results of a laboratory study can be applied or repeated in the natural environment is...
Ecological sampling
Ecological validity
Naturalistic validity
Environmental validity
196
An experimental design where we compare performance of participants in diff groups is called
Subjects-between design
Between-subjects design
Compare-contrast design
Contrast-compare design
197
Standard deviation is....
A measure of variability around the median
A measure of variability around the mode
A measure of variability around the data
A measure of variability around the mean
198
A hypothesis is an explanation for a broad range of observations that can be falsifiable
True
fuck it
idk
False
199
Positively skewed distribution: the curve has an extended tail to the left of the cluster
True
none of the above
False
all of the above
200
__ is a theory that claims that objects or events are categorized according to a certain set of
Sentence-verification
Classical categorization
Concept Categorization
Graded membership
201
If the neurotransmitter binds to a receptor, it will trigger the…
Excitatory & Reuptake
Reuptake & Inhibitors
Inhibitory & Inhibitors
Excitatory & Inhibitory
202
Mental set obstacle when an individual attempts to apply a routine solution to a new problem
True
False
203
Behavioural genetics is the study of how genes and environment influence behaviour
True
idk
False
Not important
204
Confirmation bias is when an individual
Confirm their evidence;multiple peers with the same beliefs
doesn’t search evidence; believe answer is already right
he or she has the solution 4 problem or the correct answer
Searches only evidence that will confirm his or her beliefs
205
Which is NOT a factor of drug dependence
Culture
Genes
Level of education
Cognitive Factors
206
Descriptive statistics is...
Explanation that validates the phenomenon
The conclusion of the overall study being conducted
Techniques used to draw conclusions from the data collected
Techniques used to organize, summarize, and intrepret data
207
Study of DNA and the ways in which specific genes are related to behaviour…
Evolution
Behavioural genomics
Behaviourism
Natural selection
208
In classical conditioning responses involved tend to be___, but in operant they are ___.
Punished; reinforced
Reflexive; voluntary
Voluntary; reflexive
Reinforced; punished
209
In classical conditioning, a(n) _____ becomes a(n) _____, which elicits a response.
unconditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus
unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus
neutral stimulus; unconditioned stimulus
neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus
210
The biological predisposition to rapidly learn a response to a particular class of stimuli
Conditioned emotional response
Third-person effect
Instinct
Preparedness
211
What is a category?
A web of ideas, hypotheses, and theories
A group of similar ideas and concepts
the mental representation of an object event, or idea
clusters of interrelated concepts
212
What is not a form of reliability?
Intro-rater reliability
Alternate-form reliability
Test-retest reliability
Inter-rater reliability
213
Involved in smell-detection of airborne particles located in the nose
Olfactory sensation
Olfactory perception
Olfactory system
Olfactory epithelium
214
individual’s story about an observation/event that is used to make claim as evidence is called
Anecdotal evidence
Individualistic evidence
Bias evidence
Personal evidence
215
approach that attempts to explain how behaviour&personality influence by unconscious processes
Psychophysics
Psychoanalysis
Psychosocial
Psychological behaviourism
216
Genes are organized along…
Chromosomes
Chromatin
Ribosomes
DNA
217
observation/measurement that’s recorded during experiment&compared across all groups is called
Comparable variable
Measurable variable
Observable variable
Dependent variable
218
Misinformation effect is when info occurring after an event becomes part of the memory
True
False
219
What is a theory of sleep?
Preserve and protect hypthesis
Off and on hypothesis
Synaptic energy hypothesis
Restore and repair hypothesis
220
The Anchoring effect occurs when an individual attempts to solve a problem involving _ using _:
Previous knowledge, language
Language, Previous Knowledge
Previous knowledge, Numbers
Numbers, previous knowledge
221
Constructive memory is the process where we recall a generalized schema& add specific details
Constructive memory are from constructive criticisms
Constructive memory isn’t a thing lol
True
False
222
Specialize cells in the nervous sys. that are involve in mounting immune responses in the brain
Somatic cells
Glial and stem cells
Glial cells
Stem cells
223
Serves as the brain’s central region for processing smells
Olfactory nerve
Olfactory sensation
Olfactory system
Olfactory bulb
224
mental representations of an average category member
Semantic network
Prototypes
Main advantage
Classical Categorization
225
The smallest meaningful unit of language is
Spenomes
Morphemes
Phonemes
Semantics
226
What is sleep displacement?
Sleep displacement does not exis
individual is only able 2 sleep at a certain time each night
An individual is prevented from sleeping at the normal time
Occurs when an individual is only able to sleep through naps
227
Which of these drugs are NOT a stimulant
LSD
Cocaine
Caffeine
Ecstasy
228
Focus on studying only observable behaviour, no reference to mental events is??
Classical Conditioning
Behavioural Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Behaviourism
229
Urination and heart rate is an example of
Infradian rhythm
Ultradian rhythm
This is not an example of a biological rhythm
Circannual rhythm
230
Layer that covers the front portion of the eye and contributes to the eye’s ability to focus
Cornea
Iris
Sclera
Pupil
231
_____ are substances that affect thinking, behaviours, perception, and emotion
Narcotics
Stimulants
Hallucinogens
Psychoactive drugs
232
Which type of learning is an organism’s behavior influenced by consequences?
Latent learning
Consequential learning
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
233
Context-dependent memory= retrieval is more effective when it takes place in same place
False
True
234
The study between physical world&mental representation of that world is?
none of the above
Psychophysics
Psychoanalytic
Psychoanalysis
235
_____ amplitude waves are seen as dim colours
none of above
Medium
Low
High
236
What is peer review?
papers are critiqued by experts in the specific field study
papers are critiqued by experts in any field of study
Process where papers are critiqued by publishers
Process where papers are critiqued by experts
237
What is the difference between biological and psychological influences?
bio: Human genetics, psy: mind, body, soul
bio:our cellular makeup, psy: is your interpretation of life
bio: evolution on earth, psy: developmental stages of life
bio: our behaviour, psy: how emotions shape us
238
Responsible for performing unconscious actions
Spinal cord
Pons
Hindbrain
Medulla
239
Hypnosis isa procedure inducing lowered state of suggestibility
False
True
240
The average of a set of numbers
mean
medium
mode
median
241
The ____ can change shape to adjust to light
Cornea
Iris
Retina
Lens
242
What is social psychology?
The study of the influence of other people on our behaviour
none of the above
The study of interaction among other people on our behaviour
The study of the impact of other people on our behaviour
243
Technique in which every individual of a population has an equal chance of being included is..
Chance sampling
Inclusiveness
Random sampling
Convenience sampling
244
Which gene was tested whether its mutations affected language?
FOXP3
BOXP3
FOXP2
BOXP2
245
biological rhythms become synchronized to external cues such as light + temperature
Entrainment
Endogenous Rhythms
Environmental Rhythms
Environmental Mechanism
246
A claim that appears to be sound, but lacks supporting scientific evidence is called
Appeal to claim
Appeal to evidence
Appeal to knowledge
Appeal to common sense
247
Near-sightedness or myopia occurs when the eyeball is slightly
none of the above
all of the above
Elongated
Short
248
The number of observations that fall within a certain category or range of scores is...
none of the above
Spectrum
Central Tendency
Frequency
249
Bottom down processing is when we use prior knowledge to form a perception
no
True
False
what
250
Transports info from neuron to other neurons
Axon
Dendrites
Neurotransmitters
Soma
251
A technique that can be used to acquire highly detailed images of the brain
MEG
PET
EEG
MRI
252
language disorder caused by damage to part of brain responsible for understanding language
Phonological disorder
Broca’s area
Wernicke’s area
Aphasia
253
Activity of nerve pathways that respond to uncomfortable stimulation
Kinesthesis
Haptics
Nociception
Nerve fribres
254
Whorfian hypothesis is the theory that
Our genetics determines how we understand the world
Our culture determines how we understand the world
Our social class determines how we understand the world
the language we use determines how we understand the world
255
What is NOT true about basic-level category
They are the terms most often used in convos
They’re at the level where most thinking occurs
They are above the level at which prototypes exist
They are the easiest to pronounce
256
A ___ reinforcer is any reward that satisfies a basic, motivational need
Primary
Secondary
Token
Negative
257
When does REM sleep occur?
Stage 4
An hour after falling asleep
Stage 3
Stage 2
258
Active, exploratory aspect of touch sensation and perception
Haptics
Nociception
Kinesthesis
nerve fibres
259
the blank refers to the tendency to be impulsive, pleasure seeking, and charismatic
Zeitgeist
Sanguine
Choleric
Thymine
260
A memory store that accurately holds perceptual info for a very brief amount of time is…
Echoic memory
Sensory memory
Episodic memory
Iconic memory
261
Physical dependence is
A long term effect of drugs
A short term effect of drugs
The need to ward off unpleasant physical withdrawal symptoms
262
The mechanism for transmitting info in the brain
Resting potential
Interduction
Action potential
Transduction
263
Critical for learning and memory, and formation of new memories
Thalamus
Hippocampus
Hypthalamus
Cerebellum
264
Attention is when info is passed on from the _____ to _____
Short term memory, sensory memory
Sensory memory, long term memory
Sensory memory, short term memory
Short term memory, long term memory
265
False memories=remembering events that didn’t occur/recalling incorrect details about an event
False
True
266
The visual form of sensory memory that holds info for 0.5-1 seconds is called…
Episodic memory
Echoic memory
Iconic memory
Visual memory
267
Responsible for details in movement, maintaining balance and motor skills
Midbrain
Pons
Cerebellum
Medulla
268
The difference in relative position of an object as seen by both eyes, focusing on depth
Monocular cues
Binocular depth cues
Retinal disparity
Stereoscopic vision
269
What are Opiates (narcotics) responsible for?
Reduce feelings of anxiety and panic
reduces pain & induce extremely intense feelings of euphoria
speeding up the activity;enhancing wakefulness and alertness
270
Involved in multiple higher functions such as thought, language, and personality
Forebrain
Cerebral cortex
Prefrontal cortex
Hindbrain
271
A random sample is a select group of population members
none of the above
True
Tralse
False
272
Just noticeable difference between stimuli changes as a proportionality of the stimuli
False
um
True
no
273
The reduction of activity in sensory receptors with repeated exposure to a stimulus
Sensory perception
Sensory reception
Sensory adaptation
Sensory production
274
____ is an example of a primary reinforcer, whereas ___ is an example of a secondary reinforcer
Water; food
A gold star; cupcake
Money; receiving an A+
A cupcake; a certificate of achievement
275
the degree to which an instrument or procedure actually measures what it claims to measure is?
Prediction
Validity
Accuracy
Variable
276
Examining an issue of behaviour by using numerical measurements and/or statistics is...
none of the above
Correlation research
Qualitative research
Quantitative research
277
Which of the following an example of a desirable difficulty when studying for a test?
Oversleeping and waking up 10 minutes before a test
Receiving an outline from the professor
Having the material in the lecture presented in a diff order
Cramming the night before
278
Generalizability is....
Results be applied to the control group of the experiment
Results be applied to other situations, individuals,or event
The degree of the set of data being applied in an experiment
When a set of data proves the study to be true
279
Which is NOT part of the Working Memory Model?
The visuospatial sketchpad
The central executive
The episodic buffer
The phonological loop
280
Produce painkilling and euphoric effects
Dopamine
Ecstasy
Endorphin
Morphine
281
What helps explain why some category members make better example than others
Primary advantage
Main advantage
First advantage
Simplistic advantage
282
Repeating info until you don’t need to remember it anymore is called…
Studying
Cramming
Repetition
Rehearsal
283
Punishment ___ the chances of the behaviour occurring again
Increases
Decreases
284
Field of study that explores how physical energy relates to psychological experience
Psychotherapy
Psychophysics
Psychoanalysis
None of above
285
If values are positive, the two variables change values in the same direction...
Frequency
Degree
Spectrum
Direction
286
A flashbulb memory is…
The conditions needed to retrieve important info
The conditions surrounding how one learned about the event
A memory that is retrieved during deep thought
An extremely vivid/detailed memory about an event
287
Processes pleasurable experiences associated with food
Taste perception
Primary gustatory cortex
Chemical sense
Secondary gustatory cortex
288
Unobtrusively observing&recording behaviour as it occur in the subjects natural environment is?
Naturalistic observation
Integration analysis
Correlation research
Self-reporting
289
Humans can detect sounds in the frequency range from
20-20000 Hz
300-200000 Hz
10-100000 Hz
70-2000 Hz
290
Which part of the brain is involved in emotional processing/responding?
Frontal lobe
Sensory cortex
Cerebellum
Amygdala
291
The STM can only rehearse 7±2 units of info b4 forgetting
False
True
The LTM can rehearse 7±2 units of info b4 forgetting
The STM can rehearse 10 units of info b4 forgetting
292
The word “negative” in the term negative reinforcement refers to
The removal of a stimulus
The use of inappropriate stimuli
The use of punishment
The unwanted conditioned behavior
293
An in-depth report about the details of a specific case is...
Case study
Peer review journal
Scientific article
Scientific journal
294
condition where memory for events b4 trauma/injury is lost (aka amnesia demonstrated in movies)
Conditional amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
Retrograde amnesia
Cross-cortical amnesia
295
The most basic unit of speech sounds is
Phonemes
Spenomes
Morphemes
Semantics
296
When a weak connection between neurons is stimulated at the same time as a strong connection…
Strong becomes weakened
Nothing happens
The weak becomes stronger while the strong becomes weaker
Weak becomes strengthened
297
The central nervous system consists of the
Midbrain & Hindbrain
Brains & Spinal cord
Forebrain & Spinal
Brains & Neurons
298
What happens during the first stage of sleep?
Sleep spindles and K complexes form
REM sleep begins
Theta waves form
The brain produces delta waves
299
Involved in functions of mood, control of voluntary movement, and rewarding experiences
acetylcholine
Dopamine
Norepinepherine
Serotonin
300
Empiricism is...
theory of experience enabling us to think more critically
Philosophy of living life through your experiences
A philosophical motto of yolo
A philosophical tenet that knowledge come through experience
301
Recalling the 1st few items easily= ______ and remembering the last few items easily= _____
Primary effect, secondary effect
Primary effect, recency effect
First effect, second effect
First effect, recent effect
302
an “expert’s” claim even when no supporting data or scientific evidence is present is called
Appeal to authority
Appeal to hierarchy
Appeal to expertise
Appeal to evidence
303
similar sounding words/words that start with same letter,can’t retrieve word you want is called
The forgetting phenomenon
The retrieval phenomenon
The phenomenon phenomenon
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
304
Scientific literacy is...
the ability to use critical thinking to develop/ write a lab
ability to understand, analyze, apply scientific information
A peer reviewed journal
The data collected by previous studies to form a new study
305
Priming is the activation of multiple concepts in long term memory
False
True
306
the observation that some concepts appear to make better category members than others
Graded membership
Concept Categorization
Classical categorization
Sentence-verification
307
What is the fourth stage of the scientific literacy Model?
Confirming the results by lab testing
Going outside and then going to the lab to confirm results
Apply the results in the laboratory before going outside
apply the results to situations outside of the laboratory.
308
A condition in which specific auditory is pleasurable
Asmr
Sense perception
Olfactory epithelium
Auditory expectation
309
What is Alcohol myopia?
Abusing alcohol
Pay more attention to cues related to their desires&impulses
Fancy word for being drunk
Using alcohol to reduce pain + stimulate reward centres
310
Detects magnetic fields surrounds the skull&detect minute changes in brain activity
fMRI
Eletroencephalogram
PET scans
Magnetoencephalography
311
The Frontoparietal network is associated with what?
Dreaming and the unconscious (It’s a key part of hypnosis)
None of the above
Speech, Language and Grammar
Planning for the future, as well as the control of attention
312
Nondeclarative memories are NOT actions/behaviours that u cn remember/perform w/o awareness
This statement makes no sense
False
True
None of the above
313
a combination of ability, morality, and achievement is...
Structuralism
Determinism
The principle of Parsimony
Eminence
314
The number of cycles of a sound wave travels per second and measured in Hertz
Convergence
Lapse
Frequency
Amplitude
315
What category of drug does marijuana fall into?
Hallucinogenic
All of the above
Stimulant
Narcotics
316
what is the field that draws comparisons about individual and group behaviours among culture?
Personality psychology
Social psychology
Humanistic psychology
Cross-cultural psychology
317
Which type of drug depresses activity of the central nervous systems
Opiates
Hallucinogenic
Sedatives
Narcotics
318
The body needs to restore energy levels&repair wear&tear experienced during the day activities
Restore and repair hypothesis
Preserve and protect hypothesis
Off and on hypothesis
Synaptic energy hypothesis
319
Which of the following is true?
a state marked by a complete loss of consciousness
state of minimal to no consciousness
A coma is a state marked by a complete loss of consciousness
Persistent Vegetative; state of minimal to no consciousness
320
What are the 3 memory stores?
Long-term, short-term, and iconic memory
Long-term, short-term, and medium-term memory
Long-term, short-term, and episodic memory
Long-term, short-term, and sensory memory
321
This type of twins come from a single ovum making them identical
Prozygotic
Homozygotic
Dizygotic
Monozygotic
322
Method of loci=mnemonic tht connects words to be remembered to locations along a familiar path
Tralse
False
None of the above
True
323
Classical conditioning is learning by…
Visualizing
Reading
Associating
Memorizing
324
The finding that taking practice tests improve exam performance is called…
The study effect
The testing effect
The retention effect
The practice effect