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AP Psychology Exam Review 2022 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psychology Exam Review 2022
AP Psychology Exam Review 2022
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1
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
2
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
humanistic
cognitive
behavioral
psychoanalytic
3
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
fear the dark
tie shoe laces
print letters
sing a song
4
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
observational learning
positive reinforcement
superstitious behavior
classical conditioning
5
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
mechanical
logical-mathemathical
musical
spatial
6
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
location of injury
cortex
thalamus
spinal cord
7
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
punishment
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
8
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
intermediate-term
short-term
long-term
sensory
9
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold information for a lifetime
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
put information into long-term memory
10
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
memory
the autonomic nervous system
the endocrine system
feeding
11
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
standardized validity
predictive validity
criterion-related validity
content validity
12
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
exposure to light
amount of time alseep
amount of time awake
cultural practices
13
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
fluid
crystallized
procedural
episodic
14
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a narcotic
a sedative
an amphetamine
a hallucinogen
15
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
the internal state causes the facial expression
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
16
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
conscious experience
the unconscious
the brain
behavior
17
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
electrographic tomography
positron emission tomography
computerized tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
18
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
morphemic
phonemic
platonic
mnemonic
19
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
cookie
give cookie
I eated a cookie
i wanted a cookie
20
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
brainstem
cerebellum
limbic system
reticular formation
21
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
correlation coefficients
means
percentiles
standard deviation
22
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
stimulus discrimination
step-wise conditioning
selection
shaping
23
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a behavior rating
a deceptive test
a projective test
a self-report inventory
24
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
before autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
25
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
insomnia
narcolepsy
pseudoinsomnia
sleep apnea
26
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
availability heuristic
representativeness heuristic
law of small numbers
conjunction heuristic
27
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
instinct theory
drive theory
incentive theory
evolutionary theory
28
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the availability heuristic
are using the representativeness heuristic
use a holistic decision model
29
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
construct
criterion-related
absolute
content
30
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
conditioned emotional reactions
spontaneous recovery
31
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
medulla
32
A perceptual set implies that...
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
people often see what they expect to see
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
33
What is cognitive dissonance?
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
34
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
insight learning
operant conditioning
latent learning
classical conditioning
35
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
perception
processing
sensation
attention
36
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
concrete
preconventional
conventional
postconventional
37
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
avoidance learning
an unconditioned response
positive reinforcement
escape learning
38
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
cocaine
heroin
marijuana
mescaline
39
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
cochlea
stirrup
oval window
temporal lobe
40
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
limbic system
endocrine system
leftbrain/right brain communication
reticular formation
41
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
REM
stage 1
stage 2
stage 4
42
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
egocentrism
conservation
reversibility
centration
43
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender behaviors
gender differences
gender roles
gender stereotypes
44
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
accuracy of inference
representativeness
consistency
predictability
45
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
antagonists
agonists
action potentials
neurotransmitters
46
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recall
relearning
reiteration
recognition
47
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
avoidance
neurogenic amnesia
repression
suppression
48
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
trust vs. mistrust
49
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mode
median
mean
midpoint
50
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
alcohol
cannabis
sedatives
narcotics
51
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
id mechanisms
offense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
defense mechanisms
52
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an achievement test
a personality test
an aptitude test
an intelligence test
53
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
subliminal threshold
just noticeable difference
sensory memory
absolute threshold
54
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
sciatic receptors
smell buds
olfactory cilia
gustatory bulbs
55
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
56
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
morphemes
syntax
phonemes
linguistic heuristics
57
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
secure-avoidant
shared inhibition
attachment probing
strange situation
58
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
fill-feed
tree-bird
car-nose
boat-goat
59
Framing refers to...
presenting irrelevant information
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting only part of the information required
60
An antagonist...
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
61
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
semantic network
schema
chunk
script
62
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become aggressive
remain in continuous wakefulness
remain in continuous sleep
become fearful/cautious
63
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
pineal gland
corpus callosum
parietal lobe
thalamus
64
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
been dreaming
not been dreaming
not really been asleep
a headache
65
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
alpha
delta
beta
gamma
66
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
67
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
mentalism
intelligence
cognition
68
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
top-down processing
bottom-to-top processing
bottom-up processing
lateral processing
69
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
observational learning
state-dependent learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
70
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
Cannon's area
Sperry's area
71
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
modeled
retrieved
ablated
encoded
72
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a potential score
mental age
a percentile score
IQ
73
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
insight
intelligence
reasoning
creativity
74
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
autonomic nerves
efferent nerves
afferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
75
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
surprise
fear
happiness
sadness
76
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
sebaceous gland
thyroid gland
pancreas
pituitary gland
77
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
fast-mapping
metalinguistic awareness
overextension
semantic slanting
78
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test scales
test levels
test scores
test norms
79
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
saturation
brightness
light purity
color
80
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
sensory memories
flashbulb memories
episodic memories
non-declarative memories
81
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological stability
physiological instability
psychological instability
psychological stability
82
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
anterograde amnesia
83
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the control group
the correlational group
the experimental group
the observational group
84
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in extraversion
high in neuroticism
high in agreeableness
low in openness
85
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
fear reaction
rabbit
rat
loud noise
86
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
attachment
behavioral quality
temperament
personality
87
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
has been standardized but not normed
is consistent
is reliable
88
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
classical conditioning
reinforcement
observational learning
operant conditioning
89
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
behaviorism
functionalism
neodynamism
psychoanalysis
90
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
vitreous humor
iris
lens
cornea
91
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
conditioned forgetting
extinction
unconditioning
spontaneous remission
92
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
teratogens
opiates
pathogens
prenatals
93
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
partial storage
complete retrieval failure
partial retrieval
complete storage failure
94
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
light
tone
salivation
food/meat powder
95
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
attention encoding
dyadic encoding
the semantic level of encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
96
The superego is Freud's term for...
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the conscious aspect of personality
the moral component of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
97
What is somnambulism?
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-talking
sleep-walking
difficulty remaining asleep
