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Midterm Review
Midterm Review
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1
What is the name of the tube that comes up from the trachea and has three parts?
Soft Palate
Maxilla
Trachea
Pharynx
2
When analyzing language in early childhood, what is the purpose of knowing Brown’s stages as a SLP?
To evaluate language dev. in terms of MLU and grammatical morpheme changes.
To determine communicative competence in a young child.
There is no purpose; a speech-language pathologist would not use this.
To use this with a child over 4 to determine readiness for therapy.
3
Sights, sounds, and a rich environment influence the progression of speech development.
False
True
4
In EI, team members create goals as well as who will provide services, how often, & where. This document is called a(n)
Individualized education plan
Goal setting
Transdisciplinary team
Individualized family service plan
5
Distinctive features are determined by what three factors?
Vowels, voice, place
Letters, manner, place
Voice, manner, place
Sounds, phonemes, voice
6
What are the muscles for breathing/speech?
Both diaphragm and internal and external intercostals
Diaphragm only
Intercostals only
Diaphragm and lungs
7
How does an SLP decide how/which treatment approach to use?
Use own clinical experiences
All are correct
Use evidence-based practice
Use knowledge from what they learned in graduate school and from colleagues
8
What are the two types of language that a child possesses?
Receptive and Expressive Language
Speech and Language
Social Interaction and Syntax
Pragmatics and Grammar
9
The quality of the voice that results from vibration of sound in the pharynx, oral cavity, and nasal cavity
Nasal emission
Resonance
Hyponasality
Hypernasality
10
In articulation therapy, the following hierarchy should be followed:
Work only on speech and not auditory discrimination nor generalization
Produce sound in isolation, words, sentences only
Randomly address, not in a systematic way
Aud. discrimination, isolation, CV combos, words, sent., convo, gen.
11
T/F: An SLP should research other cultures/languages to determine if a child has a disorder, delay, or difference.
False
True
12
What are the three main characteristics for autism spectrum disorder according to the DSM-5 (2013)?
Persistent impairment in reciprocal social comm. and social interaction
All are correct
Impaired joint attention
Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities
13
What are the hallmark features of ADHD in terms of signs and symptoms?
Hyperactivity
Language impairment only
Inattention & Impulsivity only
Inattention, Impulsivity, Hyperactivity
14
The upward and backward movement of the soft palate making contact with the posterior pharyngeal wall is called:
Nasal resonance
Velopharyngeal closure
Uvula
Oral resonance
15
African American English (AAE)
Is a systematic, rule-based dialect where some code-switch between AAE/SAE
Is not a systematic, rule-governed dialect of Standard American English
Has differences only in linguistic aspects compared to SAE and not speech
Can't be tested b/c there is no test to determine if the child is using AAE
16
What are the two most important structures of the mouth?
Teeth and lips
Gums and teeth
Uvula and alveolar ridge
Tongue and lips
17
In early childhood education, in order to qualify, a child must meet which of the following criteria?
Child would have to transition from EI in order to quality for service.
Child does not have to exhibit any delay or disorder.
Disorder needs to significantly interfere w/ academic success based on eval
Can attend at any age.
18
Which criteria will qualify a child for EI services?
All are correct
At risk for developmental problems due to environmental or child factors
Demonstrates a delay or SLP feels there is a substantial risk for dev delay
Has a diagnosed condition that carries with it dev delays or disabilities
19
T/F: The primary function of the tongue and lips is speech production.
True
False
20
What are the 3 main functions for breathing?
Supply fresh oxygenated blood for body, rid body of CO2 waste, & speech
Supply fresh oxygenated blood and rid body of CO2
Coughing and air for speech
Speech only
21
A language disorder in children involves which of the following?
Content and use/function of language
Form, content, and use/function of language
Form and content of language
Involves only spoken language and comprehension of language
22
Children from 3 to 4 years old begin to develop which of the following?
Complex sentence structure
Use of narratives to tell stories and discourse for conversation
Use of cooperation principles and functor words
Knowledge of figurative language
23
A child who is diagnosed with specific language impairment presents with all EXCEPT which of the following?
Started as slow talker but fell behind peers by 6–12 mos in language skills
Presents w/ pragmatic & metalinguistic imp. that impact social/academics.
Presents with impairments in both receptive and expressive language
Will not receive speech therapy until school age and falls far behind peers
24
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
Can be used to identify speech sounds from any language
Is a set of transcription symbols
Contains consonants, vowels, and diphthongs
All are correct
25
T/F: A SLP would complete the same INITIAL assessment if they suspected either articulation or phonological disorder.
True
False
26
Treatment modality options for working with a child with a language disorder include all of the following EXCEPT...
SLP sees child in ind. tx w/ a structured set of goals & sequence of tasks
SLP works only w/child in highly structured, nonenjoyable activities.
SLP creates spontaneous opportunities to work on lang. and engage w/ others
27
What are the primary functions of the frontal lobe?
Houses Wernicke's area
Responsible for vision
Executive Functions: Problem solving, planning, reasoning, impulse control
Controls movement and coordination
28
What are the main cartilages of the larynx?
Cricoid, arytenoids
Cricoid, arytenoid, and epiglottis
Arytenoids, epiglottis
Cricoid, epiglottis
29
What are possible causes of cleft lip and/or palate?
Genetics
Chromosomal disorders
No single cause—multifactorial
Intrauterine environmental factors
30
What are the four lobes of the brain?
Cerebrum, Broca's Area, Wernicke's Area, Cerbellum
Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal
None of these are correct
Frontal, Parietal, Pons, Medulla
31
An assessment of speech sound disorders would include the following components:
Observation, interview, formal and informal assessments
Observation, interview, informal assessments only
Would not complete any assessment
Observation, only formal assessments
32
T/F: Dialects and accents are considered to be disorders by speech-language pathologists.
False
True
33
Possible causes of articulation disorders include which of the following?
All are correct
Result of a neurological disorder
Structural abnormalities
Unknown causes
34
The challenges of assessing children who present with language disorders include all EXCEPT which of the following?
You have to assess a child in only one context.
Language is complex and can be difficult to assess.
You need to describe the child’s strengths and weaknesses.
Each child develops language individually and at their own pace.
35
T/F: A lang. delay is expected to be a slow start with dev. lang., but it is expected that kids will catch up.
False
True
36
The written or printed symbol representing a speech sound is called a phoneme.
True
False
37
Children who have speech sound disorders may experience which of the following:
All are correct
Impacts on learning
Frustration and embarrassment
Reduced social/interpersonal interactions
38
When air builds up below the VF and “blows” the VF open leading to air traveling up to oral/nasal passages for speech?
Bernoulli effect
Phonation
Adduction
Abduction
39
What are the three parts of the brain stem?
Midbrain, pons, medulla
Pons, Spinal Cord, Midbrain
Cerbellum, pons, medulla
Pharynx, Larynx, Medulla
40
T/F: The brainstem connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls the face, mouth, & larynx for speech production.
False
True
41
How does an infant communicate between birth and 6 months of age?
Using his/her body movements
Using a variety of means including crying, grunts, cooing, and gooing
Only through crying
Does not communicate because he/she cannot talk
42
What are some problems associated with cleft lip/palate?
All are correct
Feeding
Dental anomalies
Resonance disorders
43
The incorrect production of speech sounds due to a motor component or a developmental disorder is considered
Not a disorder at all
A speech delay
An articulation disorder
A phonological disorder
44
What is the difficulty recognizing & understanding the mental states of other people & seeing other’s perspectives.
Social communication disorder
Theory of mind
Sensory processing disorder
Hypersensitivity
45
What is the name of the most common approach to treat phonological disorders?
Speech sound hierarchy
Contrasting phonemes approach
Distinctive feature analysis
Articulation treatment
46
A child with a phonological disorder may present with
Inability to physically produce sounds due to a motor component
Errors resulting from the simplification of ind. sounds/sound combinations
Errors with several phonemes that form patterns
Both errors from simplification of ind. sounds/combos & patterned errors
47
Why is knowing speech development and markers important?
Helps you identify errors and if child is presents with a SSD
Helps you predict how a child will develop across the age span
All are correct
Helps you determine if the child is falling behind against dev. markers
48
The four types of articulation disorders includes which of the following?
Substitutions, delays, differences, additions
Substitutions, omissions, distortions, additions
Only substitutions and distortions
Delay, omissions, distortions, additions
49
There are several possible dev. warning signs that may indicate that a child should be evaluated for ASD. Choose one.
Repetitive behaviors, does respond to own name, good eye contact
Regression of language or social skills, lack of babbling, good eye contact
Reduced eye contact, lack of babbling or gestures, late language emergence
Steady development of language, poor eye contact, but presence of smiling
50
An assessment that collects info about a child’s expressive language during a real-life communication task is called
MLU
Dynamic Assessment
Standardized assessment
Language Sample
51
How many stages are there in speech development?
2
6
0
4
52
Children w/ borderline language skills or LI may have challenges with academics/social and may benefit from support.
True
False
53
A child with a Language Based Learning Disability may present with which difficulties?
Learning to read and write
Communicating narrative information in the class
Understanding increasingly complex verbalinformation
All are correct
54
The smallest unit of speech that can be recognized as being distinct from other sounds in the language is called a
phoneme
dialect
letter
syllable
55
What parts make up the Central Nervous System?
Cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord
Heart, spinal cord, brain, brain stem
Arms, legs, cerebrum, brain stem
Cerebrum, brain stem, spinal cord, and heart
56
What are the primary functions of the temporal lobes?
Responsible for auditory comprehension
Right temporal lobe process the stress, intonation, and rate of speech
Left temporal lobe houses Wernicke's area
All are correct
57
How does distinctive feature analysis help the speech-language pathologist in an evaluation or therapy?
It does not help at all.
Helps you determine if there is a general pattern of errors or no pattern
Other professionals besides a SLP would determine this.
It gives information about only some distinctive features.
58
When asked to assess and treat a child with a suspected language disorder, the SLP should keep what in mind?
That deficits appear in all aspects of language.
ALL: Knowledge/skills, assess in many contexts, deficits in all lang areas
That language be assessed in a variety of contexts as performance may vary.
Both knowledge & skills and need to assess in variety of contexts.
59
In toddlerhood, the child learns how to use language based on what?
Engagement with toys only
Interactions with parents/caregivers only
Experiences and exploring the environment
Using inflection to ask questions
60
What are 3 important terms related to voice?
frequency, decibels, intonation
frequency, intensity, voice quality
pitch, Hertz, harsh
loudness, intonation, voice quality
