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AP Psychology Board Practice #4 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psychology Board Practice #4
AP Psychology Board Practice #4
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A basic review over all material covered in Units 1-14 in AP Psychology..
Flashcards
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Questions
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Answers
1
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
social charm
aggressiveness
manipulative behavior
excessive guilt
2
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
None of the Above
wish fulfillment theory
activation-synthesis theory
problem-solving theory
3
Homeostasis is a state of...
psychological stability
physiological stability
psychological instability
physiological instability
4
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
endorphin
serotonin
dopamine
acetylcholine
5
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
reticular formation
brainstem
cerebellum
limbic system
6
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
predictability
consistency
accuracy of inference
representativeness
7
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a heuristic observation
a self-serving attribution
a contravened stereotype
8
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
avoidance
repression
suppression
neurogenic amnesia
9
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
10
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
neodynamism
psychoanalysis
behaviorism
functionalism
11
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
longitundinal
sequential
time of testing
cross-sectional
12
Framing refers to...
presenting irrelevant information
presenting only part of the information required
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
13
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retrograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
retroactive interference
anterograde amnesia
14
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
bipolar disorder
fugue
conversion disorder
panic disorder
15
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
metalinguistic awareness
semantic slanting
fast-mapping
overextension
16
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
rabbit
fear reaction
rat
loud noise
17
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
medulla
hypothalamus
corpus callosum
cerebral cortex
18
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
anal
oral
latency
genital
19
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use the elimination by aspects strategy
use a holistic decision model
are using the availability heuristic
are using the representativeness heuristic
20
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
individualism
functionalism
collectivism
attributionism
21
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a developmental psychologist
a social psychologist
a forensic psychologist
a clinical psychologist
22
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
sciatic receptors
gustatory bulbs
smell buds
olfactory cilia
23
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
temperament
attachment
behavioral quality
personality
24
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
fill-feed
boat-goat
tree-bird
car-nose
25
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
schema
script
semantic network
chunk
26
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the control group
the experimental group
the observational group
the correlational group
27
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he's just like his father
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he always gets in fights
28
What is cognitive dissonance?
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
29
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
self-serving bias
stereotypes
prejudices
attributions
30
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender stereotypes
gender roles
gender behaviors
gender differences
31
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
positron emission tomography
computerized tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
electrographic tomography
32
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
psychological tests
direct observation
questionnaires
physiological recordings
33
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the brain
conscious experience
the unconscious
behavior
34
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
cookie
I eated a cookie
give cookie
i wanted a cookie
35
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
reticular formation
endocrine system
leftbrain/right brain communication
limbic system
36
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
unipolar
dissociative
bipolar
cyclical
37
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
short-term
long-term
intermediate-term
sensory
38
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
happiness
fear
sadness
surprise
39
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
cultural practices
amount of time awake
exposure to light
amount of time alseep
40
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in extraversion
high in neuroticism
high in agreeableness
low in openness
41
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
conformity
deindividuation
social loafing
group polarization
42
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
basis for performing pro-social behavior
halo effect in aggression
43
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
symmetry
similiarity
constancy
closure
44
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
corpus callosum
pineal gland
thalamus
parietal lobe
45
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
beta
delta
gamma
alpha
46
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
thyroid gland
sebaceous gland
pituitary gland
pancreas
47
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
display rules
parental investments
investment differentiations
social scripts
48
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold information for a lifetime
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
put information into long-term memory
49
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
50
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous wakefulness
remain in continuous sleep
become aggressive
51
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
classical conditioning
positive reinforcement
superstitious behavior
observational learning
52
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a deceptive test
a behavior rating
a projective test
a self-report inventory
53
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
poor police protection
crowded living conditions
job discrimination experienced by the residents
the personal qualities of the residents
54
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
ablated
retrieved
modeled
encoded
55
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
behavior is to motive
attitude is to action
thought is to perception
feeling is to thinking
56
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
formal operations
development of secondary sex characteristics
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
post-conventional moral reasoning
57
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
58
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
centration
conservation
reversibility
egocentrism
59
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
cognitive structuring
stereotypes
schematizing
cultural direction
60
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
concrete
conventional
postconventional
preconventional
61
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
the internal state causes the facial expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
62
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
genetic influences on IQ
a variety of environmental factors
group differences in basic intelligence
changes in testing procedures
63
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
cocaine
marijuana
mescaline
heroin
64
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
65
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 4
stage 1
REM
stage 2
66
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
spontaneous remission
extinction
conditioned forgetting
unconditioning
67
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
hypnosis
sensation
perception
consciousness
68
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
the confirmation bias
overestimating the improbable
the gambler's fallacy
69
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
occipital cortex
hypothalamus
prefrontal cortex
medulla
70
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mean
midpoint
mode
median
71
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recall
recognition
reiteration
relearning
72
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
displacement
fixation
regression
compensation
73
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the semantic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
attention encoding
74
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete storage failure
partial storage
complete retrieval failure
partial retrieval
75
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
76
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
conflict
pressure
frustration
change
77
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
cognition
intelligence
mentalism
78
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
psychoanalytic
cognitive
behavioral
humanistic
79
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
mnemonic
morphemic
phonemic
platonic
80
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a distinctive attribution
a situational attribution
an external attribution
an internal attribution
81
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
lateral processing
bottom-up processing
top-down processing
bottom-to-top processing
82
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
classical conditioning
latent learning
operant conditioning
insight learning
83
An antagonist...
extends the absolute refractory period
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
84
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
iris
vitreous humor
lens
cornea
85
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
aversion therapy
psychotherapy
systematic desensitization
avoidance therapy
86
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
incentive theory
instinct theory
drive theory
evolutionary theory
87
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
punishment
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
88
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
standardized; intelligence
personality; standardized
intelligence; personality
intelligence; standardized
89
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
feeding
the endocrine system
memory
the autonomic nervous system
90
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
standardized validity
predictive validity
criterion-related validity
content validity
91
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
selection
shaping
stimulus discrimination
step-wise conditioning
92
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the cephalocaudal trend
the proximodistal trend
encephalitis
the cephalopedal trend
93
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
coping mechanisms
id mechanisms
defense mechanisms
offense mechanisms
94
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
were put into a simulated prison
95
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
agonists
antagonists
action potentials
neurotransmitters
96
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
afferent nerves
efferent nerves
autonomic nerves
sympathetic nerves
97
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
attachment probing
shared inhibition
secure-avoidant
strange situation
98
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
industry vs. inferiority
initiative vs. guilt
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
trust vs. mistrust
99
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
content
absolute
criterion-related
construct
100
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
obsessions
delusions
illusions
hallucinations
101
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
procedural
fluid
episodic
crystallized
102
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test norms
test levels
test scales
test scores
103
According to the medical model...
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
104
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
sleep apnea
insomnia
pseudoinsomnia
narcolepsy
105
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
light
food/meat powder
salivation
tone
106
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a just noticeable difference
subliminal perception
a false alarm
a superimposed stimulus
107
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a delusion
a phobia
an obsession
a compulsion
108
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
mental age
IQ
a percentile score
a potential score
109
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
mood
personality
anxiety
schizophrenic
110
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
print letters
fear the dark
sing a song
tie shoe laces
111
A perceptual set implies that...
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
people often see what they expect to see
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
112
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
state-dependent learning
observational learning
113
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
cortex
location of injury
spinal cord
thalamus
114
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
phonemes
morphemes
linguistic heuristics
syntax
115
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
tumor ligation
stereotaxic inversion
ESB
lesioning
116
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
pitch
timbre
decibels
loudness
117
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
standard deviation
correlation coefficients
percentiles
means
118
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a narcotic
an amphetamine
a hallucinogen
a sedative
119
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
intelligence
insight
creativity
reasoning
120
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
sensation
perception
processing
attention
121
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
122
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
anxiety disorders
marital problems
123
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
hallucinations
reduction of inhibitions
resistance to pain
total loss of personal control
124
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
unrealistic demands from family/friends
125
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Wernicke's area
Sperry's area
Cannon's area
Broca's area
126
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
cochlea
stirrup
oval window
temporal lobe
127
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
display rules
the reciprocity norm
the law of cognitive dissonance
the principle of collectivism
128
What is somnambulism?
sleep-talking
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-walking
difficulty remaining asleep
129
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
censoring dissent from group members
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
130
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
operant conditioning
observational learning
classical conditioning
reinforcement
131
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
conjunction heuristic
representativeness heuristic
availability heuristic
law of small numbers
132
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
logical-mathemathical
spatial
musical
mechanical
133
Anhedonia is when a person...
experiences mild manic states
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
has two different psychological disorders
has trouble getting along with people
134
The superego is Freud's term for...
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the conscious aspect of personality
the moral component of personality
135
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
cognitive dissonance
conformity
obedience
groupthink
136
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
avoidance learning
escape learning
positive reinforcement
an unconditioned response
137
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thalamus
pituitary
gonads
thyroid
138
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
prenatals
pathogens
teratogens
opiates
139
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
smelling an odor
seeing a flash of light
hearing a sound
moving a part of his body
140
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
absolute threshold
just noticeable difference
subliminal threshold
sensory memory
141
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
saturation
color
brightness
light purity
142
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the relative threshold period
the absolute refractory period
transduction incapacity
transduction capacity
143
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
been dreaming
not really been asleep
a headache
not been dreaming
144
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
non-declarative memories
episodic memories
flashbulb memories
sensory memories
145
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
G. Stanley Hall
Rene Decartes
146
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
physical interaction
abstract operations
systematic hypothesis testing
logical reasoning
147
A valid test is one that...
has been standardized but not normed
is reliable
measures what it is supposed to measure
is consistent
148
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
cannabis
alcohol
sedatives
narcotics
149
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an aptitude test
a personality test
an achievement test
an intelligence test
150
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
maladaptive behaviors
the unconscious
the conscious
irrational thoughts
