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2022 AP Psych Exam Review (units 1-7) Flashcards | StudBud
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2022 AP Psych Exam Review (units 1-7)
2022 AP Psych Exam Review (units 1-7)
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
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1
Homeostasis is a state of...
psychological instability
physiological stability
physiological instability
psychological stability
2
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
logical-mathemathical
musical
spatial
mechanical
3
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
endorphin
dopamine
acetylcholine
serotonin
4
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
pineal gland
parietal lobe
corpus callosum
thalamus
5
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
humanistic
cognitive
psychoanalytic
behavioral
6
What is somnambulism?
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-walking
sleep-talking
difficulty breathing when asleep
7
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
is consistent
is reliable
has been standardized but not normed
8
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous sleep
remain in continuous wakefulness
become aggressive
9
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
symmetry
constancy
closure
similiarity
10
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
brainstem
cerebellum
limbic system
reticular formation
11
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender behaviors
gender roles
gender differences
gender stereotypes
12
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the gambler's fallacy
the confirmation bias
the conjunction fallacy
overestimating the improbable
13
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use a holistic decision model
are using the availability heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the representativeness heuristic
14
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
id mechanisms
defense mechanisms
offense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
15
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
the internal state causes the facial expression
16
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
episodic memories
flashbulb memories
sensory memories
non-declarative memories
17
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
unconditioning
extinction
spontaneous remission
conditioned forgetting
18
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
modeled
ablated
encoded
retrieved
19
The superego is Freud's term for...
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the conscious aspect of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the moral component of personality
20
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
genetic influences on IQ
group differences in basic intelligence
a variety of environmental factors
changes in testing procedures
21
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
pseudoinsomnia
narcolepsy
sleep apnea
insomnia
22
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
personality; standardized
intelligence; standardized
intelligence; personality
standardized; intelligence
23
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete storage failure
partial retrieval
partial storage
complete retrieval failure
24
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a false alarm
subliminal perception
a just noticeable difference
a superimposed stimulus
25
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
incentive theory
drive theory
evolutionary theory
instinct theory
26
A person who loses memories of events that occur
following
a head injury is experiencing...
retrograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
retroactive interference
anterograde amnesia
27
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
cognition
intelligence
introspection
mentalism
28
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a narcotic
a sedative
an amphetamine
a hallucinogen
29
An antagonist...
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
30
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
state-dependent learning
observational learning
31
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
tone
light
food/meat powder
salivation
32
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
absolute threshold
just noticeable difference
sensory memory
subliminal threshold
33
The school of psychology associated with understanding the
purpose
of behavior is...
behaviorism
functionalism
neodynamism
psychoanalysis
34
Which question is worth a great % of your grade?
There is no difference.
Question 2
Question 1
They are worth the same.
35
Framing refers to...
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting irrelevant information
presenting only part of the information required
36
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
dyadic encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
37
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
predictability
consistency
representativeness
accuracy of inference
38
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
39
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
prenatals
opiates
teratogens
pathogens
40
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
spinal cord
location of injury
cortex
thalamus
41
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in neuroticism
high in agreeableness
low in extraversion
low in openness
42
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
brightness
color
saturation
light purity
43
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
stirrup
cochlea
oval window
temporal lobe
44
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
tumor ligation
stereotaxic inversion
ESB
lesioning
45
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
unrealistic demands from family/friends
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
46
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
behavioral quality
attachment
personality
temperament
47
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
Cannon's area
Sperry's area
48
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
smelling an odor
moving a part of his body
seeing a flash of light
hearing a sound
49
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
attachment probing
secure-avoidant
shared inhibition
strange situation
50
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the correlational group
the control group
the observational group
the experimental group
51
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
latent learning
operant conditioning
insight learning
classical conditioning
52
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
action potentials
neurotransmitters
agonists
antagonists
53
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
script
schema
chunk
semantic network
54
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time alseep
amount of time awake
cultural practices
exposure to light
55
Which of the following has two morphemes?
punch
bats
bat
run
56
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus generalization
57
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the absolute refractory period
the relative threshold period
transduction capacity
transduction incapacity
58
Which type of intelligence involves the acquisition knowledge in problem solving?
episodic
fluid
procedural
crystallized
59
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not been dreaming
been dreaming
a headache
not really been asleep
60
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
thyroid gland
pancreas
sebaceous gland
pituitary gland
61
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
IQ
a potential score
mental age
a percentile score
62
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
reiteration
recall
recognition
relearning
63
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
attention
perception
sensation
processing
64
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test norms
test levels
test scales
test scores
65
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
genital
oral
latency
anal
66
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
avoidance learning
an unconditioned response
positive reinforcement
escape learning
67
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the autonomic nervous system
the endocrine system
memory
feeding
68
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
trust vs. mistrust
industry vs. inferiority
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
initiative vs. guilt
69
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
superstitious behavior
observational learning
classical conditioning
positive reinforcement
70
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
selection
shaping
step-wise conditioning
stimulus discrimination
71
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
fear
sadness
surprise
happiness
72
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
electrographic tomography
positron emission tomography
computerized tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
73
A perceptual set implies that...
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
people often see what they expect to see
74
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
lens
cornea
vitreous humor
iris
75
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
activation-synthesis theory
wish fulfillment theory
None of the Above
problem-solving theory
76
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
cannabis
sedatives
narcotics
alcohol
77
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
tie shoe laces
print letters
fear the dark
sing a song
78
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
put information into long-term memory
hold information for a lifetime
79
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
suppression
avoidance
repression
neurogenic amnesia
80
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
beta
alpha
delta
gamma
81
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
82
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
operant conditioning
punishment
observational learning
classical conditioning
83
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mode
mean
midpoint
median
84
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
85
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the proximodistal trend
the head to tail trend
the cephalocaudal trend
encephalitis
86
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
leftbrain/right brain communication
reticular formation
limbic system
endocrine system
87
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
top-down processing
lateral processing
bottom-to-top processing
bottom-up processing
88
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
preconventional
postconventional
concrete
conventional
89
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
cross-sectional
time of testing
longitundinal
sequential
90
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
loudness
decibels
timbre
pitch
91
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
after autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
92
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
physiological recordings
questionnaires
psychological tests
direct observation
93
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
hypothalamus
medulla
cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
94
How many MC questions are on the exam?
80
3
2
45
95
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
logical reasoning
systematic hypothesis testing
physical interaction
abstract operations
96
The last area of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
occipital cortex
medulla
hypothalamus
prefrontal cortex
97
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
long-term
sensory
intermediate-term
short-term
98
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
reinforcement
observational learning
99
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a behavior rating
a projective test
a self-report inventory
a deceptive test
