2.1 The Rise of Islam

Arabs believed that the great stone inside the Kaaba was from heaven.

A.D. 622 Muhammad and his followers left Makkah and moved to a town called Yathrib.

Bedouins were Arab desert herders. They raised camels, goats and sheep and went from oasis to oasis.

Muhammad created an Islamic state - a government that uses its political power to uphold Islam.

Arabians worshiped many gods, but the most important one was Allah.

Madinah: The city of the prophet (Muhammad); Original name of the city was Yathrib.

Allah was considered to be the creator.

Muhammad: Born in Maakah; Born A.D. 570; As a teenager became a Caravan leader and successful merchant.

Islam, Judaism and Christianity believe in one God.

Muhammad also preached that everyone is equal and that the rich should share their goods.

Fasting: Muslims must not eat from dawn to dusk during the sacred holiday of Ramadan.

A.D. 570 Muhammad was born in Makkah.

Yathrib was renamed Madinah, which means "the city of the prophet."

Charity: Muslims must give to the poor.

caravan: group of traveling merchants and animals.

Muhammad required all Muslims to place loyalty to the Islamic state above loyalty to their tribe.

Quran: The holy book of Islam

For Christians, Jesus was more than a prophet. He was the son of God, and therefore divine.

Wealthy merchants and religious leader did not like Muhammad's message

Prayer: Muslims must pray five times per day facing toward Makkah.

A.D. 500 Arabian merchants handled most trade between India & the Mediterranean Sea.

sheikh: leader of an Arab tribe.

Makkah (a.k.a. Mecca): Largest town, and became the richest of them all.

Many of the Quran's messages are similar to the Bible, like to be honest and treat others fairly.

Bedouins drank the milk of their animals.

People are expected to obey God's laws if they want to be blessed in the afterlife.

A.D. 610 Muhammad said he was visited by an angel, and was told to preach Islam.

Makkah agreed to a treaty in A.D. 630 which gave control of the city to Muhammad.

Islam means "surrendering to the will of Allah."

Muhammad and his followers to Yathrib became known as Hijrah.

Hijrah is Arabic and means "breaking off relationships."

In Islam, Muhammad is seen as a prophet and a very good person, but not as divine.

Muhammad built an army to protect his new government.

Pilgrimage: Muslims should visit Makkah once in their life.

Allah is the Arabic word for God.

Muhammad told everyone to destroy statues of false gods and worship only Allah.

Oases: Green area fed by underground water.

Muhammad felt the wealthy town leaders should return to the old ways (honor family, fair in business & help the poor).

Pilgrims are people who travel to a holy place.

Kaaba: A low square building surrounded by statues of gods & goddesses in Mecca.

What bodies of water surround the Arabian Peninsula? (Select all that apply)

Makkah feared Muhammad would attack them.

A.D. 632, Muhammad passed away.

Muhammad was saying, when the Day of Judgement arrived, God would reward the good people and punish the evildoers.

For Muslims, early prophets were Abraham, Moses, Jesus and finally Muhammad.

Wealthy merchants beat and tortured his followers.

Scholars of Islam created a law code that explains how society should be run called the Sunna.

Belief: Muslims must declare that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is his prophet.

Civilizations surrounding Arabian Peninsula

Muslims made the year A.D. 622 the first year of a new Muslim calendar.

Many Arabs lived in villages where they farmed or raised animals.

The Quran also provides rules, such as to not eat pork, drink liquor or gamble.

Muslims wrote down the messages that Muhammad said he received from Allah in the Quran.

The Arabian Peninsula had intense heat and sandstorms. Water was only found at oases.

bedouins: People that lived in tents and ate dried fruit and nuts.

Muslims are expected to fulfill the Five Pillars of Islam, or acts of worship.

Islam began in the Arabian peninsula.

Jews, Christians and Muslims also believe that God spoke to people through prophets.