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2020 APWH Modern Unit 4 (1450 to 1750) Review Flashcards | StudBud
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2020 APWH Modern Unit 4 (1450 to 1750) Review
2020 APWH Modern Unit 4 (1450 to 1750) Review
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An #APWH Modern review for Unit 4 #TransoceanicInterconnections #CASTWHAP
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1
The first voyages of BOTH Spain and England to the Americas were motivated MOST by a
competitive urge to establish settler colonies.
need to find new fishing grounds to feed growing populations.
desire to find a new route to trade with Asia for luxury products.
missionary impulse to spread either Catholic or Protestant Christianity.
2
All of the following are true of Christopher Columbus' 4 voyages
EXCEPT
:
His mission to reach India succeeded so he established trading posts there.
His ships were a new design known as a "caravel".
His voyages made Europeans interested in exploring beyond Afro-Eurasia.
His Spanish state-sponsored voyage created the 2nd maritime empire.
3
In setting "transoceanic interconnections" in motion, Portugal's primary motivation before 1450 was
To find a mythical African Christian King named Prestor John
To get direct access to the lucrative Indian Ocean trade network
To establish new bases on the land-based silk routes
To get African slaves to work on Brazilian sugar plantations
4
All of the following are true of the British E.I.C. and the Dutch V.O.C. between 1450-1750
EXCEPT
:
V.O.C. "fluyts" carried more cargo making them more profitable than E.I.C.
The E.I.C. conquered the Mughals, but the V.O.C. lost Southeast Asian wars.
The E.I.C. focused on cotton trade while the V.O.C. focused on spice trade.
Both companies were a mixture of state & private investments.
5
So, labor was needed on plantations, much of it forced. Which type of coerced labor had been used by the Inca Empire?
Indentured Servitude
Encomienda System
Mit'a
Chattel Slavery
6
The BEST explanation for Europe's ability to make breakthroughs in navigation technologies would be that...
all navigation technologies were invented independently in Europe.
they came to them as a result of the Columbian Exchange.
technologies from other civilizations were diffused & improved upon.
Marco Polo's book had everything Europeans needed to travel Silk Roads.
7
Which region(s) supplied the most
COTTON, SPICES, & SILK
to the world market circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
West and Central Africa
The Caribbean & Brazil
Andean South America
South & Southeast Asia
8
What's the best definition of "Mercantilism"?
An economic system of simple barter in basic commodities between merchants.
An economic system where governments promote free trade between merchants.
An economic system controlling merchants for the benefit of the state.
An economic system that equally distributed the profits of merchant trade.
9
Below is a scene from the 30 year's war after the Reformation. This war involved fights between
Sunni vs. Shia
Protestants vs. Catholics
Hindus vs. Muslims
Philosophes vs. Absolute Monarchs
10
The 'pilgrims' started a wave of British settler colonies in the Americas. What were they looking for?
The were looking for gold.
They were looking for a passage to Asia.
They were looking to spread Catholicism.
They were Protestants looking to flee religious violence.
11
All of these civilizations participated in Unit 2 Trans-Saharan trade. How did their trade
CHANGE
in 1450-1750?
They used slaves for domestic household and agricultural tasks.
They reduced their reliance on trade in favor of domestic production.
They traded salt and gold north and east into the Mediterranean system.
They captured slaves for Atlantic export in exchange for European goods.
12
These two images provide evidence that after the Spanish conquest of Mesoamerica...
The Mayan religion was identical to European Christianity.
Mayans remained totally isolated from Spanish conquest.
Mayans preserved & blended their culture into Christianity.
Spanish settlers were able to totally convert all Mayans.
13
This cross from mid-16th century central Mexico would have been carved in the context of
Aztec empire building through an alliance of the "3 tribes."
Aztecs trying to preserve culture despite Spanish conquest.
The development of early Aztec culture and mythology.
Edicts by the Pope which attempted to ban local religions.
14
How did both the Qing Dynasty & Tokugawa Shogunate respond to European influence?
They promoted Asian trade but limited European missionaries & merchants.
They encouraged the spread of Christianity in their territories.
They cut off all contact with the outside world.
They allowed European merchants free trading privileges.
15
What was
NOT
a reason for Unit 4 European maritime exploration and empire building?
Europe wanted more luxury products like spices, silk, porcelain, etc.
European monarchs competed with rivals to gain status & wealth.
Europe wanted to rely on the Ottoman Empire for its trade.
Europe wanted to diffuse Christianity to new territories & peoples.
16
Economically, what drove rivalries between the major states of Eurasia between 1450-1750?
Competition over trade routes & resource rich territories around the world.
The challenge to authority by local elites.
Conflict both within Christianity & between Christians with other faiths.
Disputes about the legitimacy of dynastic rule.
17
What is the best explanation for the demographic trend you see in this chart?
European guns & cannons killed many Mesoamericans.
There were a large number of migrants from Iberia to Mesoamerica.
Mesoamerican chinampas were replaced with European field agriculture.
Smallpox, measles, & malaria killed 90% of Mesoamerican peoples.
18
The empire from Unit 3 that
MOST
threatened European culture & economy, spurring Portugal et al to explore, was
the Mughals
the Safavids
the Ottomans
the Manchu Qing
19
All of the following are true, but what was a
POLITICAL
effect of the Reformation?
Luther's emphasis on reading encouraged literacy.
Kings & rulers used the protest to increase their power.
Peasants admired Luther's message of Christian equality.
New Christian churches emerged: Lutherans, Anglicans, etc.
20
If you wanted to add arrows on the map to show "Triangular Trade", they'd show
European cash crops to Americas & African goods to Europe
Americas goods to Africa & African slaves to Europe
European goods to Africa & Americas crops to Europe
African cash crops to Europe & Americas silver to Asia.
21
This map of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade could
BEST
be used to demonstrate that
Europeans were invading Africa to capture slaves
Brazil & the Caribbean were major African slave destinations
East Africa was the main source for slaves to the Americas
The Ottoman Empire never used African slaves
22
Which of the following
WAS NOT
part of the Columbian Exchange?
Smallpox from the Americas widely infected Europeans
African religious and food culture came to the Americas
Eurasian animals were transported and raised in Americas
Food of the Americas was transported and grown in Eurasia
23
Which breakthrough of the Scientific Revolution most challenged traditional religious views?
The study of mechanics that led to breakthroughs in machinery
The study of the anatomy of the human body
The study of mathematics that led to ideas of probability, binomials, & -#s
The study of astronomy & the place of the sun in the solar system
24
All of the following are true of the effects of the slave trade IN Africa. Which was a
SOCIAL
consequence?
Some states increased in power because they profited from the trade.
The population of Africa stagnated even as Eurasia's rapidly grew.
Missionaries brought Christianity into Western and Central Africa.
More men were taken as slaves causing imbalances in gender and families.
25
Context: The example of
Zheng He
before 1450 demonstrates that land empires like the Ming were increasingly
looking to create empires in the Americas.
seeking to expand trade over the Silk Road
shutting themselves off from the rest of the world.
projecting state power and encouraging overseas foreign trade.
26
Why was Spain's sponsorship of Ferdinand Magellan's voyage in 1519 historically SIGNIFICANT?
It was the first time Europeans reached the Western Hemisphere.
It was the first exchange of plants and animals between hemispheres.
It was the first time a European state sponsored a transoceanic voyage.
It was the first circumnavigation of the entire world.
27
Why did the vast majority of Latin America become Catholic after 1492?
Merchant traders encouraged it to ease trade
Spanish & Portuguese priests were aided by imperial rule
Chinese explorer Zheng He had spread it on his voyages there
Martin Luther made a trip there to convert people
28
Portugal was the 1st to create a "transoceanic interconnection" of
trading posts
between the
Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean
29
This image of Lisbon, Portugal in the 17th Century could be used by a historian to prove...
empires used monumental architecture to reinforce their rule
navigation & innovations in ship designs were critical to maritime empires
just like land-based empires, maritime empires used guns & cannons
maritime empires created a new economic elite who'd made $ from trade
30
Increasingly, many are protesting
AGAINST
Columbus Day in the USA because they argue that...
Columbus was a great example of Italian (Latin) migration to the U.S. of A.
Columbus lied, enslaved & killed natives, & his "discovery" was a theft.
Columbus was a brave Christian who diffused Western Civilization.
C'mon, it's a day off work. What's the problem?
31
The "trading posts" of European maritime empires were most similarly comparable to which Unit 2 trade network?
Exchange in the Indian Ocean
The Silk Road
Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
Regional trade in the Americas
32
How did the Unit 4 European Empires MOST differ from earlier land-based empires of Units 1, 2, & 3?
Merchants were involved for the first time in these empires.
They were the first to try to culturally convert people.
They were built by maritime conquest of regions oceans away
They were the first to transmit diseases between regions.
33
Which is an accurate definition of the Columbian Exchange?
The agreement between Columbus & Spain to explore a route to India.
The exchange of new plants, animals, & diseases between hemispheres.
The tribute relations that existed between Indian Ocean trading nations.
The deal made between Portugal and Spain to divide world in half.
34
Throughout the Americas, policies of the European empires were resisted by
maroon societies
. What were these?
Merchants resisting state tariffs (taxes) on trade.
Native Americans resisting land confiscation.
Africans resisting slavery by running away & fighting for freedom.
Protestants & Catholics resisting religious laws.
35
This is the Spanish silver mine Potosi (modern Bolivia) in
1590
; the workers are
Native American
. Which is true?
They were completely and legally equal to the Spanish
They used this silver to freely trade for Spanish crops
They were slaves forced to labor for the Spanish
They were free but were taxed by the Spanish
36
This
IVORY
statue from 17th century
INDIA
exported to
PORTUGAL
could be used as evidence to prove
Christ child=proof that Portuguese trading diffused Catholicism to Asia.
Crown=proof that imperial states used art to reinforce their legitimacy.
India=proof that Asian trade goods were highly in demand.
Ivory=proof that Swahili merchants continued to trade African luxury goods.
37
Which region(s) supplied the most
SUGAR
to feed the 'sweet tooth' of the world circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
South & Southeast Asia
The Caribbean & Brazil
Andean South America
West and Central Africa
38
All of these claims could be supported by this chart
EXCEPT
:
The Dutch Joint Stock Companies were more successful than England's.
The Netherlands formed "Joint Stock Companies" to trade.
The VOC was successful in transporting Asian luxuries to Europe.
Over time, the VOC traded more within Asia than between Asia and Europe.
39
The Spanish discovered that they could get Asian luxury products in exchange for the
SILVER
they were mining in
Andean South America
West and Central Africa
South & Southeast Asia
The Caribbean & Brazil
40
Our Lady of Guadalupe (1746)
MOSTLY
reflects a syncretic blending of
Christianity and Islam
Catholic Christianity and Native American culture
Protestant and Catholic Christianity
Native American and African cultures
41
This system of early state-sponsored Spanish colonization that relied on coerced Native labor was called
indentured servitude
chattel slavery
encomienda
mit'a
42
Which transfer between hemispheres would have been
MOST
responsible for the demographic trend you see after 1500 C.E.?
Maize (corn), potatoes, & beans from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Sugar, bananas, & coffee from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
Horses, cattle, & pigs from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
Chilies, cacao, & tobacco from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
43
The "casta system" was
an economic system.
a type of imperial bureaucracy.
a racially based social hierarchy.
a Latin American card game.
44
Which is the correct order of classes in the casta system? (from top to bottom)
Peninsulare, Creole,Mestizo,Indio, Negro
Creole, Mestizo, Peninsulare, Negro, Indio
Peninsulare, Mesitzo,Creole, Negro, Indio
Indio, Creole, Peninsulare, Negro, Mestizo
45
Why did Columbus never carry cash?
I'm dying!
Funniest joke EVER!
Stop. Just stop.
Not funny. Didn't laugh.
46
Which of the following environmental innovations was UNIQUE to the challenges of sailing in the
Indian Ocean
?
Creating ways that lateen sails could move with square sails.
Learning about magnetic poles & latitude to create the astrolabe & compass
Applying paper technology to maritime maps
An understanding of seasonal monsoon wind patterns
47
Below is an image of a follower of "Taki Onqoy". What would he have believed?
It was his duty to fight attempts to convert him
It was his duty to convert to Catholicism
It was his duty to convert to Protestantism
48
This image shows 6 years in the nearly 400 year Atlantic slave trade. What was
NOT
an effect of this trade?
Diseases spread because of the deplorable condition of slave ships.
The coerced labor of slaves on plantations enriched imperial economies.
Fossil fuel burning increased to power steam engines for labor.
African crops like okra, yams, & rice were diffused to the Americas.
49
SLAVES
forcibly taken to work on the plantations of the maritime empires came mostly from
The Caribbean & Brazil
Andean South America
South & Southeast Asia
West and Central Africa
50
All of the images below deal
MOSTLY
with which time period in European history?
The Enlightenment
The Age of Exploration
The Artistic Renaissance
The Scientific Revolution
51
What was the
ECONOMIC EFFECT
of Europe's presence in Asia during this era?
Europe's manufactured goods became highly in demand by Asian consumers
Europe dominated Japan's markets, but was shutout of China
Europe's "trading posts" prospered by using silver to trade for luxuries.
Europe completely dominated all Asian markets
52
What was a unique innovation of The Netherlands and England to unit 4 economics?
mercantilist joint-stock companies.
colonies in the Americas.
caravels using lateen sails.
silver-backed currencies.
53
What is a TRUE social cause of Latin American 'Castas'?
Whole families fled religious violence in Europe to create settler colonies
European men married Native or African women, creating mixed families
Women increasingly asserting their desire for suffrage.
The Spanish crown wanted to give equal rights to Natives and Africans.
54
Which region
WAS NOT
producing many consumer goods for the world market?
East Asia
South Asia
Africa
The Americas
55
The
SANTERIA
religion of CUBA (in the Caribbean) would have been a blend of all of these cultures
EXCEPT
East Asian Buddhism
Native American Animism
Spanish Catholicism
African Yoruba Shamanism
56
All of the following were parts of Martin Luther's arguments against the Catholic Church
EXCEPT
He argued against the sale of indulgences.
He argued the Bible should be translated to local languages.
He argued that doing good works was more important than faith.
He argued that all Catholic customs should be questioned.
57
All of the following statements are true. Which one could you prove with the
CULTURAL
evidence from the Casta painting?
Maritime empires used syncretic religions to legitimize their rule.
Eurasian & American foods mixed in the 'Columbian Exchange.'
Taxation, trade, and coerced labor provided revenue for imperial expansion.
Local bureaucratic elites were recruited to maintain imperial control.
58
Which region
DID NOT
contribute navigation technologies that 15th century Europeans relied on?
The Americas
Middle East
South Asia
East Asia
