How do slander and libel differ as forms of defamation?

slander is spoken and libel is written

Executive agreements are like treaties in which of the following ways?

They indicate the President's intentions

What law requires employers to reasonable accommodate people with disabilities?

The Americans With Disabilities Act

What federal agency oversees all hiring, providing 3 candidates to the hiring agency?

The Office of Personnel Management

Which of the following is true of the bureaucracy?

Military personnel make up the largest segment

The case Buckley v. Valeo struck down what part of campaign finance restrictions?

the part that said you can't fund your own campaign

What is the point of a trial balloon?

to see public reaction before making a public announcement

What effect did Shay's Rebellion have on the "founding fathers"?

They were eager to create a stronger federal government.

The Trial of Peter Zenger in colonial America established what new precedent?

you can criticize gov't officials if the info is true

What court ruling banned the use of quotas in university admissions?

Regents of Univ. of CA v, Bakke

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AP Government Final Exam MONSTER Review Flashcards | StudBud

AP Government Final Exam MONSTER Review

341 termsStudBud Administration25,956 plays

A review for AP Government students preparing for the exam.

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Questions 341

Answers

1
How were affirmative action programs brought to an end in California?
an initiative was passed
the state legislative baody banned it
a court order
an executive order by the Governor
2
All of the following contribute to hyperdemocracy or officials "running scared" except
primaries
short terms
the power of interest groups
strong parties
3
If the President cannot get his judges approved by the Senate, what is his/her other option?
shrink the # of courts
executive order
a veto war
a recess appointment
4
Implied powers were upheld when the courts approved the national bank as a result of what case?
Fletcher v. Peck
Marbury v. Madison
Gibbons v. Ogden
McCullough v. Maryland
5
What case established a 3 part test for obscenity?
Miller v. California
Texas v. Johnson
NY Times v. Sullivan
Schenk v. the United States
6
All of the following are a types of third parties we have seen in US politics EXCEPT
splinter
issue / cause
popular person-based
revolutionary
7
How do slander and libel differ as forms of defamation?
slander is a misdemeanor and libel is a felony
libel in spoken and slander is written
slander is spoken and libel is written
libel concerns a group and skander an indiviidual
8
Executive agreements are like treaties in which of the following ways?
They need UN approval
They indicate the President's intentions
They are binding for the next President
They need Senate approval
9
Incrementalism in the budget process leads to
delays / slow budget negotiations
inevitable growth in budgets
budget reconciliation
the military industrial complex
10
To hold what federal office must you have been a citizen for 7 years?
U.S. Judge
U.S. Representative
U.S. Senator
U.S. President
11
Checks & balances, separation of powers & federalism insure that change in the US will be
speedy and swift
impossible
slow and deliberate
through consesnsus
12
Another term for prior restraint is
censorship
arrest
warrant
subpoena
13
House or Senate? The Vice President breaks ties.
House
Both
Senate
Neither
14
This case ruled that women have a right to an abortion in the 1st trimester without restriction
Griswold v. Connecticut
Roe v. Wade
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
Gideon v. Wainwright
15
Who are the litigants in a case?
the members of the jury
the lawyers
the plaintiff and defendent
the judges
16
What "sole power" does the House of Representative hold, according to the Constitution?
Declare War
Impeachment
Approve treaties
Taxation
17
What aspect of campaigns gets the most media attention?
fundraising
policy positions
the candidate's voting record
"horserace" coverage
18
One key job of the bureaucracy in relation to regulation is
filing class action lawsuits
passing laws
iron triangles
rule-making
19
What law requires employers to reasonable accommodate people with disabilities?
The Handicapped Bill of Rights
The Disabled Freedom Act
The Americans With Disabilities Act
The Disabled Accommodation Act
20
Who manages what federal cases the government will appeal to the Supreme Court?
The Chief Justice
the U.S. Marshalls
The Chief Magistrate
The Solicitor General
21
What impact did the Great Depression and Civil Rights have on the feds' commerce power?
contracted it / made smaller
it was inconsistent
it was unchanged
expanded it / made bigger
22
All of the following are typical actions of the President in their role as head of state EXCEPT
pardoning a turkey on Thanksgiving
receiving foreign heads of state
laying a wreath on the grave of the Unknown Soldier
pardoning criminals
23
An incumbent
is seeking office for the first time
is running for re-election
has a 50% chance of being successful.
has a hareder time raising money
24
According to the Constitution you must be at least 30 years old to hold what office?
U.S. Judge
U.S. Senator
U.S. President
U.S. Representative
25
The purposes of government are discussed in what part of the Constitution?
The Bill of Rights
The Preamble
The Introduction
The Mutual Pledge
26
What federal agency oversees all hiring, providing 3 candidates to the hiring agency?
The Civil Service Commission
The Bureaucratic Management Agency
National Labor Relations Board
The Office of Personnel Management
27
All of the following are tasks of political parties EXCEPT
pick candidates
run polls on election day
coordinate campaigns
articulate policies
28
Which of the following is true of the bureaucracy?
Salaries for federal employees is variable and unpredictable
Military personnel make up the largest segment
10% is appointed by the President after inauguration
It has grown sharply since the 1970s
29
The case Buckley v. Valeo struck down what part of campaign finance restrictions?
the part that said you must take public funding
the part that banned soft money
the part that said you can't fund your own campaign
the part that banned hard money
30
What is the point of a trial balloon?
to see public reaction before making a public announcement
to see how high it will go without popping
to mend fences after a scandal
to launch a campaign
31
What do legislators get out of iron triangles?
increased staff
expanded budget authority
support from interest groups
seniority in committee assignments
32
What innovation in broadcasting led to the development of "narrowcasting"?
netflix
satellite tv
the internet
cable television
33
What effect did Shay's Rebellion have on the "founding fathers"?
They opposed federal taxation
They feared a stronger federal power.
They were eager to create a stronger federal government.
They added a Bill of Rights to the Constitution
34
Expanded influence of the feds over the states through funding is called . . .
incumbency
concurrent powers
fiscal federalism
fiscal policy
35
The Bill of Rights represents what constitutional principle?
separation of powers
judicial review
checks and balances
limited government
36
This court case established the "medium scrutiny" standard for gender-based classification
Schaffley v. Hoke
Craig v. Boren
Reed v. Reed
ERA v. Hunt
37
What Republican attracted white southerners to the Republican party with his Southern Strategy?
H.W. Bush
Goldwater
Reagan
Nixon
38
The distance between a law and implentation is called
administrative discretion
bureaucratic distance
slippage
appellate jurisdiction
39
Which of the following is true of 527 groups?
they disclose the names of contributors
they produce issue ads
They are for profit taxable organizations
They coordinate closely with candidates
40
Empty question
Empty choice
Empty choice
41
Nixon's efforts to cut spending by refusing to spend money allocated by Congress was called
impoundment
sequestration
budget resolution
fiscal cliff
42
The Department of Homeland Security, Education, Health and Human Services are all examples of
Government Corporations
Independent Executive Agencies
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Cabinet positions
43
When does a federal judge leave office?
After 10 years
after a no confidence vote
when they choose or die
After 5 years
44
This case limited federal power by ruling that the feds couldn't designate "gun free zones"
Butler v. U.S.
U.S. v. Nixon
Schechter Poultry v. U.S.
U.S. v. Lopez
45
What law requires Congressional approval to deploy troops for more than 60 days?
The Patriot Act
The Geneva Convention
The Enduring Freedom Act
The War Powers Resolution
46
Which party requires that primary / caucus results be used to assign delegates proportionally?
Democrats
Republicans
47
In the legislative process, what type of laws must originate in the House of Representatives?
declaring war
taxation bills
treaty approval
creating courts
48
What case said the 14th amendment could extend civil liberties protections to the state level?
Engel v. Vitale
Schenk v. the United States
Gitlow v. New York
Lemon v. Kurtzman
49
The Trial of Peter Zenger in colonial America established what new precedent?
all officials criticized have a right f rebuttal
you can be punished if you criticize gov't leaders
editorials are held to a different standard
you can criticize gov't officials if the info is true
50
Which of the following Constitutional principles insures we are not a confederation?
elastic clause
limited government
implied powers
supremacy clause
51
What court ruling banned the use of quotas in university admissions?
Texas v. Johnson
Snyder v. Phelps
Fisher v.University of Texas
Regents of Univ. of CA v, Bakke
52
Under the Articles of Confederation, what power did the federal government have?
negotiate treaties
to tax
to regulate interstate trade
to create courts
53
How many justices serve on the Supreme Court?
10
11
7
9
54
If a legislature declares a whole group of people to be criminals, that is called a _______?
extradition
bill of attainder
ex post facto law
de facto prosecution
55
Which amendment banned alcohol in the U.S.?
18th
19th
21st
25th
56
What case established a 3 part test for obscenity?
Texas v. Johnson
Schenk v. the United States
Miller v. California
NY Times v. Sullivan
57
What is the purpose of a caucus in the House, Senate or made of both Reps and Senators?
To stop amendments
To iron differences out on controversial topics
To focus their collective energy of a specific area
To stop legislation
58
What is referred to as the "paradox of mass politics" in the US?
the success of our democracy given how little we know
how much people complain given how few vote
That the people think we have a democracy when we do not
How obsessed we are with presidential politics over local
59
What two multimillionaires dominated the press in the late 1800s, producing yellow journalism?
Raymour and Flanigan
Hearst and Pulitzer
Cooper and Flanigan
Smith and Wesson
60
Which of the following can the President do?
veto laws
Declare war
Initiate laws
Initiate constitutional amendments
61
What type of communication is most likely to discuss a candidate's positions on the issues?
tv ads
a poll
the nightly news
interviews with media
62
The National Labor Relations Board, Fed. Communications Commission and SEC are examples of
Government Corporations
Independent Executive Agencies
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Cabinet positions
63
All of the following are ADMINISTRATIVE functions of the President EXCEPT
fill vacancies
nominate officials
execute the law
issue pardons
64
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Privatize Social Security.
Democrat
Republican
65
What is the typical relationship between elected officials, party loyalty and constituents?
Officials put party loyalty before their constituents
none of the above
Officials put their constituents before their party
Their loyalty depends on saliency of the issue
66
The advisor(s) with the least loyalty to the President tend to be
the Vice President
The cabinet
White House Staff
The Executive Offices
67
Why are state party operations so critical to presidential candidates?
They raise most of the money
They provide endorsements
They know the election laws in that state
They do polling
68
Conservative or liberal? Require photo ID to vote.
liberal
conservative
69
Why does the "Responsible Party Model" work better in Europe than in the U.S.?
They have more parties
Their parties are more organized
They have elections more often
They have more party cohesion
70
The Supreme Court ruled NC had gone too far in using race as a factor in drawing districts in
harris v. Forklift Systems
Shaw v. Reno
Craig v. Boren
Reed v. North Carolina
71
The effect of iron triangles is typically
pluralism
socialism
hyperpluralism
elitism
72
House or Senate? Small states are disproportionately represented.
House
Both
Neither
Senate
73
Which amendment says powers not granted to the federal government are retained by the states?
8th
12th
10th
11th
74
In what types of cases is the plaintiff always the government?
civil
justiceable
criminal
appellate
75
This case ruled the gov't. can't use evidence gained as a result of an illegal search:
Gregg v. Georgia
Mapp v. Ohio
Miranda v. Arizona
NAACP v. Alabama
76
This amendment limits the U.S. President to two terms.
22nd
21st
20th
23rd
77
This law said suspected terrorists can be wiretapped and residences searched without notice
Patriot Act
Protect America Act
Freedom Act
Wikileaks Act
78
What agency prepares the budget, which is first proposed by the executive (since the 1920s)?
The GOA
The OMB
The White House Staff
The Council on Economic Advisors
79
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 bans discrimination based on all the following criteria EXCEPT
gender
religion
age
race
80
What article of the Constitution explains the judicial branch?
Article II
Article III
Article IV
Article I
81
Which chief justice (appointed by Nixon) upheld abortion & ruled against him in U.S. v. Nixon?
John Roberts
Earl Warren
Warren Burger
William Rehnquist
82
What case established that the government can regulate corporations under the commerce clause?
Munn v. Illinois
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Gibbons v. Ogden
Sweatt v. Paint
83
The most common vehicle the government uses to borrow money is
foreign banks
sequestration
tax loopholes
bond sales
84
What part of the Civil Rights Act banned discrimination in federally funded programs?
Title V
Title IX
Title XI
Title XX
85
All of the following tend to happen as you age EXCEPT
you attend to the news
you get more conservative
you vote more
You vote for Democrats
86
This program provides pensions for the handicapped, orphaned, blind and elderly
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
Medicare
Social Security
Medicaid
87
These type of protesters have distance restrictions and cannot picket private residences:
abortion
zoning
school
police
88
What case established broadcasting can be regulated at a higher standard than newspapers?
Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC
Miller v, California
Texas v. Johnson
NY Times v. Sullivan
89
What is the driving focus of organization and action in local political party orgs today?
polling and policy positions
information management and mobilization
converting voters
patronage
90
Before the president appoints a federal judge from a state, he'll usually get approval from
the state's governor
the state's House Reps
the state's senators
the Supreme Court
91
House or Senate? Holds impeachment trials.
Senate
Both
House
Neither
92
All the following constitutionally "bind" states EXCEPT
privileges and immunities protections
dual federalism
extradition
full faith and credit clause
93
Which courts have original jurisdiction in some cases?
Supreme and Appeals
Supreme and District
District and Appeals
District only
94
What was the most "democratic" institution established by our founders?
The Senaste
The Electoral College
The President
The House of Representatives
95
What case established the media can make incorrect claims as long as they didn't intend harm?
Schenk v. the United States
NY Times v. Sullivan
Texas v. Johnson
Miller v. California
96
What court case established the "hostile environment" standard for sexual harassment cases?
Playboy Entertainment v. United States
Employment Division v. Smith
Harris v. Forklift Systems
Reed v. Reed
97
What court ruling banned simplistic formulas that advantaged minorities in college admissions?
Fisher v.University of Texas
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Grutter v. Bollinger
Gratz v. Bollinger
98
What fact might indicate that an incumbent is in a tight reelection race?
they increase campaign spending
They are avoiding media attention
they are taking clear positions on issues
they participate in debates
99
What is casework?
Constituent services
research Congressional staffers do for committees
Preparation for committee hearings
How a lawyer prepares for trial
100
For a case to be heard by the Supreme Court, how many justices must vote to accept it?
7
4
6
5
101
Thanks to the 22nd amendment, the President is now inaugurated in this month.
January
February
December
March
102
Whst American president is credited with inventing campaigning & inspiring "loyal opposition"?
Andrew Jackson
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
William McKinley
103
All of the following are true of caucuses EXCEPT
Only 12 states hold them
the most fanous ones are in Iowa
they were a tool of party machines and bosses in the past
the whole process takes one day
104
How many levels are the federal court system?
four
three
five
two
105
What do bureaucrats get out of iron triangles?
more authority and bigger budgets
less red tape
lobbyists
endorsements
106
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Subsidize renewable energy development.
Republican
Democrat
107
How has TV coverage of conventions changed over time?
it is shorter
It is nonexistent
It is longer
It is more in depth
108
Which leadership model is related to a direct democracy?
instructed delegate
trustee
division of labor
politico
109
What is the relationship between policy entrepreneurs and media?
policy entrpreneurs depend on media for agenda setting
Media outlets depend on policy entrpreneurs for ratings
it is nonexistent
it is contentious
110
House or Senate? Allows floor amendments.
House
Senate
111
What party did Abraham Lincoln found?
Whig
Know Nothing
Republican
Democrat
112
Unstated powers that are logically delegated to Congress and the president are called . . .
reserved
inherent
enumerated
supremacy powers
113
Which of the following is true of Political Action Committees (PACS)?
they tend to support incumbents
their donors can remain anonymous
There are limits to how much they can accept from any person
They coordinate closely with their candidate
114
Teacher led prayers violate the
no establishment clause
free exercise clause
equal protectiion clause
due process clause
115
Over time, national party conventions have become less
predictable
contentious
attended
fun
116
What was the goal of the McGovern-Fraser Commission in the 1960s?
to regulate campaign finance
to make delegate selection more democratic
to streamline platform writing
to eliminate caucuses in favor of primaries
117
The model where you elect someone and expect them to use their judgement when voting is the
agency model
politico model
instructed delegate model
trustee model
118
All of the following are purposes of national conventions now EXCEPT
to officially nominate a candidate
to advertise the candidate
to energize the party faithful
to debate policy openly
119
The Schechter Poultry v. U.S. case ruled that
farm subsidies are illegal
government regulation is illegal
The federal government was regulating trade within states
the stock market must be reformed
120
People and groups who have a perspective on a case, but are not directly involved, can
obtain standing
testify
file amicus curiae briefs
hire lobbyists
121
What gov't agency makes sure that commercial speech is truthful & concerns lawful activity?
Federal Trade Commission
Federal Reserve
Interstate Commerce Commission
Securities and Exchange
122
Cesar Chavez led boycotts and demonstrations to get better protections for what group?
migrant workers
hispanics
women
asians
123
Senatorial courtesy is most important /critical for what level of the federal courts?
the district courts
the Supreme Court
the circuit courts
124
The 3 part test for government acting according to the establishment clause was established in
Lemon v. Kutzman
Miller v. California
Employment Division v. Smith
Engel v. Vitale
125
Why are federal elected officials often referred to as "generalists"?
They know a little about many subjects.
They have the most expansive powers.
They favor military solutions in most cases.
They know a lot about a few subjects.
126
Across the board cuts that result when the budget process bogs down are called
sequestration
omnibus bills
structural debt
regressive taxing
127
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "strict scrutiny" standard.
sexual orientation
religion
wealth
gender
128
A disconnect between a law/ statute and the implementation is likely due to
issue networks
due process
regulation
adminstrative discretion
129
All of the following were intended to limit black voting EXCEPT
primaries
poll taxes
literacy tests
grandfather clauses
130
What is the President's primary role in national security?
Commander in Chief
UN Ambassador
Party Leader
Reprieves and pardons
131
All of the following increase the likelihood of voting EXCEPT
being educated
being young
being wealthy
being female
132
Which of the following is true of Supreme Court opinions?
they are either concurring or dissenting
All are written by the Chief Justice
They must be unaninmous
They must meet the standard of stare decisis
133
Which of the following is an example of unconventional political participation?
protest
petitioning
voting
running for office
134
All of the following would make approval of a Supreme Court nominee more difficult EXCEPT
the nominee is relatively unknown
The Senate and President are from different parties
the nominee is older
it is the end of the President's second term
135
These were the first two political parties in the United States.
Federalists and Democratic Republicans
Republicans and Democrats
Democrats and Whigs
Know Nothings and Whigs
136
Discrimination based on ________________ requires the "reasonable / lowest scrutiny" standard.
age
race
religion
gender
137
What court ruling raised the standard for contract set-asides to "compelling gov't. interest"?
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Fisher v.University of Texas
Gratz v. Bollinger
Regents of Univ. of CA v, Bakke
138
What is the status of the constitutionality of the War Powers Resolution?
It has been upheld.
It has been struck down.
It is currently pending.
It has not been tested.
139
When judges are accused of letting their personal views shape decisions, unconstitutionally:
strict constructionism
due process
judicial activism
judicial restraint
140
Which article of the Constitution outlines the amendment process?
Article VI
Article III
Article V
Article IV
141
What was evident after the Kennedy v. Nixon debates in 1960?
The Conservative Era was over
politicians must take clear positions on issues
physical attractiveness could impact electoral success
the effect of television on politics would be minimal
142
What case ruling struck down anti-sodomy laws, granting gay people a right to privacy?
Reece v. Texas
Smith v. Texas
Texas v. Johnson
Lawrence v. Texas
143
When is a party usually most cohesive in terms of voting as a bloc?
domestic issues
leadership votes
when declaring war
impeachment
144
The idea that you don't need to outspend your opponent, but you need to get your message out is
the doctrine of efficiency
the doctrine of currency
the doctrine of sufficiency
the doctrine of campaign finance
145
Most common criminals are prosecuted in what courts?
appellate
state
district
federal
146
The Hatch Act bans federal employees from engaging in what behaviors?
Awarding alcohol at official government functions
Leaking information to the press
Awarding contracts without a competitive bid process
Electioneering during work hours
147
What caused a steady increase in the cost of campaigns in the late 1950s and early 60s?
inflation
new state election laws
television
staffing requirements
148
Why did Democrats decide to create "superdelegates" after the McGovern - Fraser reforms?
to make sure elected officials and party leaders had power
to rank and file party members would have a voice
to reward big fundraisers
to ensure the best balloon drop at the convention
149
What case declared that "separate is inherently unequal", ending school segregation?
Escobedo v. Illinois
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Miranda v. Arizona
Gideon v. Wainwright
150
Why did Antifederalists oppose the Constitution?
They felt the Bill of Rights was flawed
They felt the states were too powerful
They feared a strong federal government
They wanted a democracy
151
At the start of our republic, to vote you had to meet all the following criiteria EXCEPT
white
male
Christian
property owner
152
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Protect the life of the unborn.
conservative
liberal
153
Media tends to be biased in all the following ways EXCEPT?
They focus on odd/ unusual
they focus on issues
they tend to be liberal
They focus on individuals
154
What is a common way for Congressmen to get input from the bureaucracy?
approve appintments
deregulation
hearings
lobbying
155
This 1971 case ruled that busing was an acceptable remedy to desegregate schools
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
Plessy v. Ferguson
156
From the Civil War - 1960s the "Solid South" voted
Republican
Democratic
Dixiecrat
Whig
157
What do habeus corpus protections protect you against?
unlawful searches
treason charges
unlawful imprisonment
quartering troops in your home
158
After Watergate and Vietnam, how did media treatment of the government shift?
the press became a "watchdog" on the government
the press became more protective of the president
the press became apathetic towards the government
the press became more deferentail to the legislative power
159
Why is it relatively hard to hire federal employees?
They generally quit before they can be fired
They cycle out after each presidential election
They have due process rights and cannot be fired w/o proof
It is hard to find new people willing to take the exams
160
When Sen. Majority Leade Reid cut the # of votes needed to approve judges it was deemed
free exercise
sequestration
the nuclear option
the filibuster
161
Who makes up the interpreting population for the court system?
criminals
police officers & teachers
attorneys
lawyers and judges
162
In the 1830s, the Supreme Court ruled in Barron v. Baltimore that the Bill of Rights restrained
only the federal government
all governments in the US
the state governments
only the executive power
163
What has been true about American's attitudes about government since 1964?
they have become more ideological
They have less trust in the governmnt
they have become more informed
They have voted more often
164
This case banned teacher led prayer in school
Employment Division v. Smith
Engel v. Vitale
Gitlow v. New York
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
165
Presidential authority to strip out parts of bills without rejecting the whole bill is known as
the pocket veto
the line item veto
discretionary spending
ways and means
166
This amendment protects states from lawsuits from people not living in the state.
9th
10th
11th
12th
167
Most elected officials use this model of leadership
instructed delegate model
politico model
agency model
trustee model
168
In what part of the Constitution are political parties discussed?
No part
Article V
Article II
Article III
169
This amendment clarified presidential succession should the President be ill but not dead.
23rd
24th
26th
25th
170
If you are a state or local official, which of the following are you the most excited about?
unfunded madates
categorical grants
enumerated powers
block grants
171
What percentage / fraction of the Senate must approve treaties for them to become law?
3/4
51%
unanimous
2/3
172
What group gained citizenship and could vote in 1924?
blacks
native americans
immigrants
migrant workers
173
What does it mean when a candidate is being "vetted"?
They are being fully "checked out" for any problems
They are being nominated
They are being prepped for a debate
They are fiundraising
174
What type of polls are candidates LEAST likely to use?
voter perception
push polls
key word / phrasing polls
exit poLling
175
House or Senate? Has a Speaker.
Neither
Senate
Both
House
176
"Pork"and "earmarks" are nicknames for
legislation that has wide appeal
retiring officials that become lobbyists
legislation related to agricultural subsidies
federally funded projects that benefit a small group/region
177
The Supreme Court has had original jurisdiction in all the following cases EXCEPT
between the US and states
between a state and a country
between 2 or more states
capital punishment cases
178
This amendment eliminated the poll tax
23rd
25th
22nd
24th
179
What case declared that the accused must be provided a lawyer during questioning if requested?
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Miranda v. Arizona
Gideon v. Wainwright
Escobedo v. Illinois
180
This case ruled that "undue burden" will be the lesser standard for abortion restrictions
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
Gideon v. Wainwright
Griswold v. Connecticut
Roe v. Wade
181
Which amendment provided for an income tax?
16th
10th
15th
12th
182
What is the President's main check on judicial power?
file amicus curiae briefs
judicial review
impeachment
judge appointments
183
What case established students can wear arm bands to school in symbolic protest ?
Miller v. California
Schenk v. the United States
Tinker v. DesMoines
Texas v. Johnson
184
Habeus Corpus rights were at first denied to hundreds of suspected terrorists being held at
Alcatraz
Los Alamos
Guantanamo
San Quentin
185
Where is judicial review "covered" in the Constitution?
Article III
Article VI
Article I
It's not
186
The fact that Congress initiates laws is an example of . . .
judicial review
limited government
separation of power
checks and balances
187
What case ruling made 527 groups flourish because corporations could give them unlimited funds?
Citizens United v, Federal Election Commission
FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life
US v. Nixon
McCain v. BCRA
188
All of the following indicate an intention to return power to the states from the feds EXCEPT
nullification
extradition
Nixon's New Federalismj
devolution
189
This 1857 case ruled that blacks were not citizens and slaves were property.
Plessy v. Ferguson
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Griswold v. Connecticut
Reynolds v. United States
190
Al the following are concurrent powers of the federal and state governments EXCEPT?
establishing courts
printing currency
taxation
police power
191
The President must have the advice and consent of the Senate to make treaties and __________.
veto
tax
declare war
appointments
192
What case est. that the least restrictive remedy must be used when limiting adult programming?
NY Times v. Sullivan
Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC
Texas v. Johnson
United States v. Playboy Entertainment
193
All of the following undercut the importance of campaign strategy EXCEPT
media culture
party identification
selective perception
incumbency advantage
194
How long do national party conventions typically last?
4 days
1 day
1 week
3 days
195
This law banned literacy tests & allowed federal oversight of election activities in the South
The 24th amendment
The Civil Rights Act of 1968
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
196
This 1896 case ruled that "separate but equal" was constitutional
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Reynolds v. United States
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Plessy v. Ferguson
197
Controlling for education and wealth, who is more likely to vote?
black Americans
white Americans
198
What is the largest source of revenue coming into the US government?
Fuel taxes
Tariffs
Income taxes
Corporate taxes
199
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Get rid of the "death tax" (a.k.a estate taxes)
Republican
Democrat
200
Which of the following type of voter is least common?
nature of the times
groups benefits
idealogues
low information
201
All of the following are true of primaries EXCEPT?
they are more common than caucuses
there is a ballot
Voters physically meet and discuss candidates
states have them on different dates
202
Tha patronage system was reformed by what law that requires civil service exams?
The McKinley Act
The Stalwart Law
Pendleton Act
Hatch Act
203
What is a common outcome of lack of party cohesion?
runaway spending
rapid passage of laws
voter apathy
separation of powers
204
What constitutes a "diversity citizenship" case?
bankruptcy supervision
naturalization
admiralty and maritime law
civil suits from those in different states over $75000
205
Voters registered as independents are positively correlated with what behavior?
voting
ticket-splitting
fundraising
protesting
206
This amendment says Congress can't raise their own salaries.
27th
26th
24th
25th
207
The court case that broadly defined Congress' ability to control trade between states was
Dartmouth v. Woodward
McCullough v. Maryland
Fletcher v. Peck
Giibbons v. Ogden
208
The Downs Model / Rational Choice Model explains
why we don't have radical parties in the US
Why we have two parties
why we have polarization
Why third parties tend to fail
209
If a state is part of "frontloading", it is probably
giving free tv time to candidates
moving its primary / caucus to an earlier date
making it easier to register to vote
making it harder to get on the ballot
210
How is the Congressional Budget Office different from the GAO?
The CBO is a watchdog on the GAO
The CBO is part of the Federal Reserve
The CBO is a partisan organization
The CBO provides estimates for budgeting purposes
211
All of the following are true about impeachment EXCEPT
Two U.S. presidents have been impeached
The House decides the charges
The chief Justice oversees the trial
standards for whaat is impeachable are very clear
212
This case ruled the government must provide an attorney if a suspect cannot afford one
Miranda v. Arizona
Mapp v. Ohio
Gideon v. Wainwright
NAACP v. Alabama
213
Franking is
a duty given to US elected officials
a privilege granted to US elected officials
Unregulated
Illegal
214
According to Max Weber, all of the following are characteristics of bureaucracies EXCEPT
division of labor
promotion based on merit
chain of command
reliance on technology
215
Which of the following committees would be considered most powerful?
Energy and Commerce
Appropriations
Veteran's Affairs
Ethics
216
What's the remedy if each house of Congress has passed a similar but not identical bill?
caucus
joint committee
casework
conference committee
217
Who actually votes to nominate candidates at the national convention?
party leaders
electors
delegates
voters
218
What president failed in his efforts to "pack" the Supreme Court with 6 more justices?
Franklin Roosevelt
Teddy Roosevelt
Richard Nixon
John Kennedy
219
How do U.S. elections compare with European ones?
They are shorter but more expensive
They are faster, cheaper, and less common
They are longer, more exspensive and more common
They are longer but cheaper
220
What was the ruling in Korematsu v. The United States?
Germans and Italians should also be interned
Internment of people of Japanese ancestry is constitutional
Internment of Japanese US citizens is unconstitutional
People of Japanese ancestry born in the US are not citizens
221
When a newly elected president claims his/her policies should be enacted, they are claiming
neutral competence
bully pulpit
state of the union
electoral mandate
222
A hierarchical organizational chart of a party with chairperson at top & candidates at bottom
iis a requirement in a democracy
may be ideal but isn't realistic
shows that party strength is on the rise
iis accurate
223
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Oppose mandatory minimum sentencing programs.
Republican
Democrat
224
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Support free trade and low tariffs.
liberal
conservative
225
All of the following demographic trends in the U.S. are true EXCEPT:
The median age is getting higher.
the population is shifting to the south
Blacks outnumber hispanics
We will soon be a majority minority nation
226
Which type(s) of federal court(s) do not have appellate jurisdiction?
Superior Courts
The Supreme Court
Circuit Courts
District Courts
227
According to the Constitution, once a year, the president is required to do what?
hold a joint session of Congress
Give a speech
inform Congress about the state of the Union
restate the oath
228
What court ruling upheld using race as part of a holistic assessment in admissions decisions?
Fisher v.University of Texas
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Grutter v. Bollinger
Gratz v. Bollinger
229
All of the following happen at a party's national convention EXCEPT?
a speech by the Vice Presidential nominee
the writing of the party platform
candidate nomination
a debate between the two leading candidates
230
Comstat, Amtrack and the Postal Service are all examples of
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Government Corporations
Independent Executive Agencies
Cabinet positions
231
What branch of the federal government MAY be involved in amending the Constitution?
The Bureaucracy
The Executive
The Judicial
The Legislative
232
What case declared that the accused must be provided a lawyer if they cannot afford one?
Gideon v. Wainwright
Escobedo v. Illinois
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Miranda v. Arizona
233
NASA, National Science Foundation & General Services are all examples of
Cabinet positions
Government Corporations
Independent Executive Agencies
Independent Regulatory Agencies
234
What percentage of delegates does a candidate need to get the nomination?
50% +1
100%
the largest percentage of all candidates
2/3 or 75%
235
What branch can create "inferior courts" of the federal system?
Judicial
Executive
Bureaucracy
Legislative
236
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Put a cap on malpractice lawsuits.
Republican
Democrat
237
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "strict scrutiny" standard.
race
age
gender
sexual orientation
238
What is the only presidential foreign policy action that is self executing?
executive agreements
waging war
diplomatic recognition
appointing ambassadors
239
All of the following are new realities of the budget process due to polarization EXCEPT?
authorization bills
omnibus bills
government shutdowns
fiscal cliffs
240
What has led to a drop in the competitiveness of districts & a decline in contested elections?
electioneering
gerrymandering
filibustering
polarization
241
Is political socialization mostly formal or informal in the U.S.?
informal
formal
242
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Increase taxes on the wealthy.
liberal
conservative
243
Giving government jobs in return for loyalty and support of elected officials is called
merit system
patronage
due diligence
due process
244
McCain Feingold, a.k.a. the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) did all the following EXCEPT
eliminated the public funding option
barred issue ads by outside groups before an election
increased the amount individuals to donate to candidates
required reporting of PAC contributions
245
If the Supreme Court wants to hear a case, they issue a /an
a warrant
opinion
writ of certiori
oral argument
246
What action is Congress's best "tool" for countering judicial activism?
legislation
amendements
impeachment
regulations
247
A judge appointed as a recess appointment can serve for no longer than
1 year
6 months
2 years
3 years
248
Through what court case did John Marshall claim for the court the power of judicial review?
McCullough v. Maryland
Gibbons v. Ogden
Marbury v. Madison
U.S. v. Lopez
249
What would be an effect of the U.S. adopting a unitary form of government instead of federal?
direct democracy
no states would exist
more powerful states
more uniformity
250
House or Senate? Has filibusters.
Both
House
Neither
Senate
251
Interest groups and political parties differ in that
Parties have legislative goals
political parties' main goal is to get candidates elected
political parties offer selective benefits
political parties are involved in electioneering
252
What case established it is constitutional to burn the US flag in symbolic protest ?
Schenk v. the United States
Tinker v. DesMoines
Miller v. California
Texas v. Johnson
253
What amendment gave women the right to vote?
17th
20th
18th
19th
254
What do family, mass media, school and peers have in common related to politics?
They are all potential groups
They are all interest groups
They are all informal
They are all agents of socialization
255
What prevents the press form being too "tough" on the government and officials?
they need access to government officials
they are liberal biased towards government intervention
They are inherently patriotic
They might alienate viewers
256
In what type of primaries can voters vote for different parties on the same ballot?
closed
blanket
open
bicameral
257
The clear division of powers between the state and federal government is known as
new federalism
dual federalism
fiscal federalism
cooperative federalism
258
The largest portion of DISCRETIONARY federal spending goes to
foreign aid
education
defense
medicare
259
How did local party bosses win support and loyalty to their party in the past?
advertising
voter fraud
patronage
providing government services
260
House or Senate? Committee assignments are based on seniority.
Senate
House
Both
Neither
261
Which of the following is an example of a beat?
newscast
politics
narrowcast
press conference
262
What person or groups bears the most responsibility for funding and shaping a campaign?
the candidate
the party
the bureaucracy
interest groups
263
What was the first form of mass media?
telegraph
radio
television
daily newspapers
264
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Protect a woman's right to choose an abortion.
Republican
Democrat
265
What types of elections do states have that the federal government does NOT have?
policy elections
primaries
general elections
266
If an issue has high saliency it means
Lots of people are paying attention but few care
few people are paying attention
Lots of attention is being paid and it could swing votes
It has a short "shelf life"
267
House or Senate? Has standing committees..
House
Senate
Neither
Both
268
What party, est. in the 1890s, failed to defeat the Republicans despite support from Democrats?
Know Nothings
Whigs
Populists
Dixiecrats
269
Uncontrollable expenditures result from
tax loopholes
deficit spending
entitlements
tax indexing
270
What court cased ruling established that arbitrary gender discrimination is unlawful?
Shaw v. Reno
Santa Clara v. Martinez
Reed v. Reed
Shaw v. Hunt
271
Why did Eisenhower say that his appointment of Earl Warren was a mistake?
He stepped down after 3 years
He "flipped" to the liberal side
He criticized Ike's response to the Little Rock Crisis
He "flipped" to the conservative side
272
Our nation's first government was a / an _________________.
confederation
union
direct democracy
unitary democracy
273
Third parties serve all of the following functions EXCEPT
safety valve for popular discontent
motivate more people to vote
inject new issues into the policy agenda
make elections less volatile
274
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "medium scrutiny" standard.
wealth
race
gender
religion
275
This 1954 case ruled that "separate but equal" was inherently unequal
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Plessy v. Ferguson
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
276
All of the following are ways the president controls the bureaucracy EXCEPT
appointments
eliminate agencies
reorganize budgets
issue executive orders
277
Conservative or liberal? Provide a "path to citizenship" for law-abiding illegal immigrants.
conservative
liberal
278
What is a leading contributor to the superficial nature of modern media?
Internet ads
the prevalence of sound bites
24 hour news channels
consolidation of news outlets
279
The power to determine voting requirements and election procedures is held by
the states
the President
the courts
the Congress
280
What type of primary do political parties like best?
unicameral
closed
open
blanket
281
What indicator is most significantly correlated with presidential approval ratings?
economic indicators
character ratings
gold medals earned by the US at the Olympics
foreign policy achievements
282
All of the elements below are part of iron triangles EXCEPT
bureaucrats
the President
interest groups
legilslators
283
The idea that a popular candidate at the top of the ballot can help elect other party members
endorsements
coattails
bandwagon
approval ratings
284
All of the following groups were part of the New Deal coalition EXCEPT
the wealthy
blacks
unions
white souitherners
285
When the President is using the "bully pulpit", what tool is probably nearby?
a pen
a microphone
a shovel
a light saber
286
During the Clinton administration, government spending was addressed by "offsets" meaning
estate taxes would be raised each time spending went up
department budgets would all be cut to zero and built back
increased spending in one area must be offset by cuts
savings from making cuts are converted to tax cuts
287
Whose term lasts six years?
U.S. Senators
U.S. Representatives
U.S. judges
U.S. President
288
This amendment ended slavery
12th
14th
13th
15th
289
What is the relationship between fiscal federalism and cooperative federalism?
fiscal federalism encourages cooperative federalism
You can only have one or the other, not both
cooperative federalism canceled fiscal federalism
Cooperative federalism caused fiscal federalism
290
What fraction of state legislatures/ conventions must approve of all Constitutional amendmentS?
100%
3/4
2/3
1/2
291
Time, manner and place restrictions to preserve public order relate to the right to
free speech
assemble
pray
vote
292
All of the following were a part of the 1974 Federal Elections Campaign Act EXCEPT
required reporting of income/spending
a program to publicly fund campaigns was started
required candidtes to take public funds
limited contributions
293
What portion of the 14th amendment is the basis for civil rights protections in the US?
elastic clause
the due process clause
the free exercise clause
the equal protection clause
294
This amendment provided for the direct election of senators.
19th
17th
18th
16th
295
The significance of campaign strategy
is that it sets the policy agenda
is that it typically converts voters
is often underestimated
is generally overstated
296
How many justices must concur with an opinion for it to be considered precedent setting?
7
5
4
6
297
All of the following are criticisms of our current primary / caucus system EXCEPT:
it caters to low information voters
the early states get too much attention
the early states are not representative of the US population
few people participate
298
A trial balloon is usually preceded by a
leak
interview
scandal
beat
299
House or Senate? Has a rules committee.
Both
House
Senate
Neither
300
All of the following are ways the President might achieve a policy without passing a law EXCEPT
veto override
executive orders
selective enforcement
executive agreements
301
Who was the 1st US President to control the press by controlling info and staying on message?
Reagan
W. Bush
H,W. Bush
Clinton
302
If a case is decided as "stare decisis" , what does that mean?
they were unanimous
they tied
they defer to the lower court ruling
they want to lower courts to retry it
303
Why are signing statements controversial?
They are relatively new in presidential history
the Constitution says the actual President must sign laws
they are executive orders in disguise
They tend to indicate an intent for selective enforcement
304
The goal of the Graham-Rudman-Hollings act of the 1980s had what goal?
a deficit tied to the GDP
a balanced budget
passing a flat tax
returning budget initiation to Congress
305
All of the following are cases that upheld the death penalty EXCEPT
Griswold v. Connecticut
Gregg v. Georgia
McClesky v. Kemp
Furman v. Georgia
306
What congressional office regulates the spending of public funds?
The Federal Reserve
The General Accounting Office
The Congressional Budget Office
The Bean Counting Patrol
307
What case ruled that congressional districts must be drawn to have equal #s of people in them?
Swann v . Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Gideon v. Wainwright
Miranda v. Arizona
Baker v. Carr
308
The two models of organization for White House Staff are hiearchical and
flat
circular
solar
wheel and spoke
309
What is the primary reason third parties do not succeed longterm?
state requirementa to get on the ballpt
the winner take all system
campaign funding laws
voter apathy
310
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Support / expansion of government programs.
conservative
liberal
311
What is the primary reason some states have more delegates than others at the convention?
They more reliably vote for the party
they raise the most money for the party
they have the most registered party members
they have a larger population
312
The following plans / compromises are evident in the ratified Constitution except which one?
Connecticut
3/5 Compromise
Slave Trade
Virginia Plan
313
Who determines the method and timing of delegate selection?
the Suoreme Court
the U.S. Congress
the states
the voters through referendum
314
Which of the following must an American do to belong to a political party?
attend meetings
pay dues
register
think they are in it
315
Powers not granted to the federal government and retained by the states are called . . .
granted
reserved
enumerated
federalism
316
What agency oversees radio & television broadcasting & requires licensing?
Federal Communications Commission
Federal Trade Commission
Public Broadcasting Corporation
Securities and Exchange Commission
317
You must prove you have been directly affected to prove that you have this in court
legitimacy
representation
standing
jurisprudence
318
In 1972, what constitutional amendment failed to be ratified?
Gay Rights
The Equal Rights Amendment
Tutle IX
Fuel Independence
319
How many years must you have lived in the US to be President?
30 years
20 years
14 years
15 years
320
What case established that speech can be banned that poses a "clear and present" danger?
NY Times v. Sullivan
Texas v. Johnson
Schenk v. the United States
Miller v. California
321
Which of the following must an American do to belong to a political party?
pay dues
register
think they are in it
attend meetings
322
Civil liberties protections for all citizens are based on
the Preamble
The Bill of Rights
the 14th amendment
The Declaration of Independence
323
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 defined ___________________ as a form of discrimination.
inaccessibility
disability
accommodation
exclusion
324
For what is Betty Freidan famous?
founding the National Organization for Women
writing The Feminine Mystique
Being the lead lawyer in Roe v. Wade
Starting Ms. Magazine
325
What political philosopher most inspired the writing of the Declaration?
Thomas Hobbes
Adam Smith
John Locke
Montesquieu
326
What agency insures that employees are allowed to organize labor unions?
FTC
ICC
NLRB
SEC
327
What part of the 14th amendment allows selective incorporation of civil liberties protections?
the necessary and propoer clause
the due process clause
the equal protection clause
the elastic clause
328
Which of the following is not one of the purposes mentioned in the Preamble?
ensure domestic tranquility
establish justice
due process
provide for the general welfare
329
Conservative or liberal? Increase regulations to protect the environment.
conservative
liberal
330
What IS and what is NOT present in a Court of Appeals trial?
3 judges, witnesses
5 judges, juries
4 judges, law fairies
attorneys, judges
331
This amendment gave black males the right to vote
14th
15th
13th
12th
332
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Get rid of the "death tax" (a.k.a estate taxes)
Republican
Democrat
333
The United States government is accurately described as
a republic
a democracy
an autocracy
a unitary federation
334
Case that said laws not aimed at religious interference but that have that affect are ok
Employment Division v. Smith
Barron v. Baltimore
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg
Engel v. Vitale
335
What case declared that the accused must be read their rights upon custodial interrogation?
Escobedo v. Illinois
Miranda v. Arizona
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Gideon v. Wainwright
336
For what primary reason do parties hold primaries and / or caucuses?
To raise money
To build enthusiasm
To select a candidate for the general election
to produce a party platform
337
This case ruled the gov't. can't require private organizations to turn over membership lists
Gregg v. Georgia
Miranda v. Arizona
Mapp v. Ohio
NAACP v. Alabama
338
All of the following are legislative bodies related to the budget process EXCEPT
The Senate Finance Committee
The Office of Management and Budget
Congressional Budget Office
The House Ways and Means Committee
339
How has the gov't. ensured press access to the war front & insured context in their reporting?
all war reporters are members of the military
they allow reporters to "embed" with military units
the military provides info to be vetted by the press
they put no restrictions on the press in war torn areas
340
Strict constructionists seek to understand or discern
original intent
judicial activism
inherent powers
free exercise
341
What text says, "We hold these truths to be self evident. . . all men are created equal . . "?
The Constitution
Common Sense
The Declaration of Independence
The Gettysburg Address