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AP Psychology: Unit 2 Perception and Cognition Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psychology: Unit 2 Perception and Cognition
AP Psychology: Unit 2 Perception and Cognition
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Updated for Fall 2024
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1
Of the following types of memory, which has the shortest duration?
flashbulb
echoic
iconic
short-term
2
Which of the following describes the monocular cue of motion parallax?
blocking objects are closer; blocked objects are farther away
closer objects appear faster; distant objects appear slower
closer objects appear larger; distant objects appear smaller
closer objects are more detailed; distant objects are less detailed
3
Which of the following is a characteristic of convergent thinking?
posing answers to hypothetical questions
single solutions
"thinking outside the box"
multiple solutions
4
Using the same route to get to the baseball stadium because that route worked for you in the past is called
a mental set
sunk-cost fallacy
the availability heuristic
belief perseverance
5
Which of the following types of validity is MOST applicable to an aptitude test?
predictive
concurrent
face
content
6
Vividly recalled memories that are tied to an intense emotion are known as
constructive
semantic
flashbulb
procedural
7
Which of the following describes the monocular cue of texture gradient?
closer objects appear larger; distant objects appear smaller
closer objects are more detailed; distant objects are less detailed
closer objects appear faster; distant objects appear slower
blocking objects are closer; blocked objects are farther away
8
According to Gardner, the intelligence that deals with how skillful one is in understanding and dealing with others.
interpersonal
intrapersonal
musical-rhythmic
visual-spatial
9
The inability of the hippocampus to form new memories after trauma is which type of amnesia?
source
infantile
retrograde
anterograde
10
The scatterplot can best be described as
negatively correlated
positively correlated
11
The data in this visual displays which of the following?
the misinformation effect
the testing effect
the Flynn effect
the primacy effect
12
Which of the following are needed in order for researchers to replicate an experiment?
convenience sampling
operational definitions
percentile rank
random assignment
13
Which of the following best describes stereotype threat?
scores on tests tend to be the same even after someone retakes a test
IQ scores have steadily increased over the past several decades
generalizations about groups have led to poor performance on IQ tests
belief that intelligence is static from birth and cannot be changed
14
Relying on prior internal expectations when perceiving an event is known as
bottom-up processing
top-down processing
15
Researcher most closely associated with the forgetting curve.
Miller
Koehler
Ebbinghaus
Loftus
16
Which of the following is not true of problem solving using an algorithm or a heuristic?
algorithms always guarantee solutions, whereas heuristics do not
the representative heuristic operates on the same premises as stereotypes
the availability heuristic operates on the same premises as prototypes
algorithms generally take less time to reach a conclusion than a heuristic
17
Which of the following best describes Robert Sternberg's practical intelligence?
Rachel is really good at solving complicated math problems.
Noel figures out several unique uses for an empty cardboard box.
Andy figures out a way to promote his business by using digital ads.
Jorge displays good hand-eye coordination while playing table tennis.
18
The image below is most closely associated with which Gestalt organizing principle?
similarity
closure
figure-ground
proximity
19
According to the levels of processing theory, which is best for effective encoding?
self-reference encoding
semantic encoding
phonemic encoding
structural encoding
20
When given the concept "chair", the first thing you think of is a Lazy Boy recliner.
mental set
availability heuristic
prototype
belief perseverance
21
When old information blocks the recall of new information.
proactive interference
retroactive interference
22
Johnny takes the SAT three times and gets similar scores each time. This is because the SAT has been proven to be
reliable
valid
23
Which brain-neurotransmitter pair is most similar in its primary functions?
amygdala - serotonin
reticular formation - norephinephrine
pons - GABA
motor cortex- acetylcholine
24
Problem solving strategy in which one draws conclusions of a person or situation based on stereotypes.
availability heuristic
gambler's fallacy
trial and error
representative heuristic
25
Researcher best known for creating of an IQ test specifically for adults, that bases the score on a normal bell curve.
Alfred Binet
David Wechsler
Robert Sternberg
Howard Gardner
26
When a test tests what it is supposed to, it is said to be
reliable
valid
27
Which of the following best describes statistical significance?
when the size effect has a d-value between 2 and 3
when the lens bends light too much that it protects past the retina
the smallest amount of a stimulus needed to detect it 50% of the time
a p-value equal to or less than .05; the results were not by chance
28
The tendency to adhere to mentions of one's own name in a noisy environment is known as
cocktail party effect
sound localization
prosopagnosia
misinformation effect
29
Which of the following describes the influence of past experiences on current perceptions?
selective attention
bottom-up processing
context effects
schema
30
You purchase tickets to a baseball game, but it rains on the day of the game. You decide to go to the game anyway.
perceptual set
self-report bias
sunk-cost fallacy
representative heuristic
31
Phenomenon shown in the image.
serial position effect
misinformation effect
overjustification effect
placebo effect
32
When exposure to one stimulus influences your perceptions of stimuli that follow.
synesthesia
interposition
inattentional blindness
priming
33
Which of the following is the best example of the gambler's fallacy?
after his team loses, a man claims he knew they would lose all along
after having 4 girls, a woman thinks her 5th child has "got to be" a boy
a girl fails to see that she can roll up her jacket and use it as a pillow
when a young child hears the word "dog", he pictures a corgi in his mind
34
Which of the following is most closely associated with the work of Charles Spearman?
"g" factor
stereotype threat
mental age
eugenics
35
According to Elizabeth Loftus, when post-event information alters or changes the memory of an event.
testing effect
overjustification effect
misinformation effect
serial position effect
36
Monocular cue most strongly at work in the visual.
relative size
interposition
retinal disparity
convergence
37
Failure to notice that something about the environment is different is known as
change blindness
conductive deafness
blindsight
absolute threshold
38
Which of the following describes the monocular cue of relative size?
closer objects are more detailed; distant objects are less detailed
blocking objects are closer; blocked objects are farther away
closer objects appear larger; distant objects appear smaller
closer objects appear faster; distant objects appear slower
39
Which of the following describes the monocular cue of interposition?
closer objects appear larger; distant objects appear smaller
closer objects are more detailed; distant objects are less detailed
blocking objects are closer; blocked objects are farther away
closer objects appear faster; distant objects appear slower
40
Understanding that an object remains the same even if viewing distance of the object changes.
shape constancy
light constancy
size constancy
color constancy