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Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment Flashcards | StudBud
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Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment
Who is Robert Boyle?
who is John Locke?
Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment
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1
who is John Locke?
he presented his ideas in 1765 to influence major political documents
Philosopher defining natural rights asliberty property supporting rebellion
He wanted to guide thought concerning the philosophy of historical studies
He advocated the freedom of speech freedom of religion separation of church
2
Who is Robert Boyle?
He discovered the laws of motion
Discovered Boyle's law, improved air pump for vacuum, chemist
He discovered how to build the air plane
he was a chemist
3
who is Montesquieu?
Proposed separation of powers, checks and balances in government
he made the best form of government is an absolute monarchy
People started the government to protect property
he created absolute natural rights- life, liberty, property
4
who is State of Nature?
He criticized the belief in Christianity and of slavery. He
Hobbes' concept: life is solitary, nasty, brutish, and short, constant war
Wrote philosophical treaty A Discourse on the Origins of Inequality in 1775
5
who is Cesare Beccaria?
he was one it the founders of modern political philosophy
Advocated forcriminal justice reform against torture and capital punishment
he started the constant “war of every man against every man”
he said who to followtheir self interestsmust be forced to conform togender
6
who is Maria Winckelmann?
First woman to finda comet changed scientific understanding of solar system
discovered elliptical orbits
He wrote the novel Candide.
He emphasized the individual dignity within the criminal system.
7
Who is Christiaan Huygens?
he was the most accurate timekeeper
Invented pendulum clock discovered wave theory of light study Saturn rings
he discovered that the human body is made up of systems
he was a polymath
8
who is Tabula Rasa?
He authorized a vindication of the rights of women in 1792.
Argued that humans must be promoted by passion never motivated by reason
Locke's theory: individuals born with a blank mind, ideas from experiences
he made the philosophical theory, "I think, therefore i am"
9
Who is Nicolaus Copernicus?
Proposed heliocentrism, challenged geocentrism, delayed publishing findings
he established physics
He discovered the rings around Saturn
he invented the clock
10
Who is Tycho Brahe?
Cataloged stars, proved comets travel in space, measured star distances
he discovered blood circulation
He cataloged stars
He discovered ways to tell where the center of the universe is
11
who is Johannes Kepler?
he discovers how the heart pumps
Formulated laws of planetary motion, discovered elliptical orbits
he proved comets traveled in space
she was the first person to discover the comet
12
who is William Harvey?
He discovered autonomy
Described blood circulation, explained heart's pumping action
he measured the starts
Father of anatomy
13
what is a Social Contract?
Agreement to form government for protection, giving up rights
Mind is immaterial and infinite
The power of men over women was just as wrong as monarchs over people
Three purposes of government
14
who is Adam Smith?
he economist advocating for laissez-faire, invisible hand and limited gov
Advocate for women's rights, education, and societal equality
Philosopher of social contract general will and government enslaving people
He stood against the use of torture and capital punishment
15
who is Andres Vesalius?
He was an English philosopher.
Father of anatomy, depicted human body systems accurately
He famously wrote that men have three natural rights
He criticized the belief in Christianity and of slavery.
16
who is Voltaire?
Advocate for religious tolerance freedom of speech critic of Christianity
Advocated for criminal justice reformagainst torture and capital punishment
Philosopher of social contract general will and government enslaving people
Argued for actions driven by passion, not reason, against casualness
17
who is Galileo Galilei?
he invented the telescope
Established physics, discovered laws of motion, improved telescope
he established the air pumps
he established the 3 laws
18
who is Isaac Newton?
Formulated laws of motion and gravity, developed three laws of motion
he catolauged 1000 stars
He claimed that the sun didn't move claimed that planets orbit in a circle
He was the father of empirericim
19
who is Francis Bacon
the emperor
he formulated how the sun moved around the earth and how it contributed
He discovered the religion of christianity
Father of Empiricism contributed to geophysics, modern scientific methods
20
who is Thomas Hobbes?
Advocate for religious tolerance, freedom of speech critic of Christianity
He developed the rules for deductive reasoning
Proposed separation of powers, checks and balances in government
English philosopher justified political order advocating absolute monarchy
