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Tides, Fluvial Landscapes Flashcards | StudBud
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Tides, Fluvial Landscapes
Tides, Fluvial Landscapes
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1
What are some characteristics of Diurnal Tides?
2 high 2 low tides each day (asymmetrical); tidal period is 12 hrs 15 mins
2 high 2 low tides each day; tidal period is 12 hours 25 minutes.
The most common types of tides.
1 high 1 low tide each day; tidal period is 24 hrs 50 mins.
2
The ability to pick up and move rock and sediment
Pothole
Abrasion
Solution
Hydraulic action
3
A ridge or high ground that divides one drainage basin from another.
Tributary
Continental Basin
Drainage Basin
Divide
4
The grinding away of the stream channel by the friction and impact of the sediment load
Abrasion
Hydraulic action
Solution
Pothole
5
What is the duration of a Solar Day?
24 hours
~24 hours 50 minutes
48 hours
12 hours
6
During Lunar Day, the moon has traveled __ in its orbit around Earth. Earth has to rotate the same amount to catch up.
14.5°
3°
10.8°
12.2°
7
Sediment Deposition: Broad strips of land built up by sedimentation on either side of a stream channel.
Bars
Deltas
Alluvial fans
Floodplains
8
What is an ebb tide (a), and what is a flow tide (b)?
a) When water moves toward the shore. b) When water moves away from shore
a) When water moves away from shore. b) When water moves toward the shore
9
Sediment transport loads: Large/heavy particles that travel along the streambed by traction and saltation
Bed load
Dissolved load
Suspended load
10
What is the duration of the monthly tidal cycle (a), and what shares this length (b)?
a) 29.5 days. b) This is the time it takes the moon to orbit around Earth.
a) 10 days. b) This is the time it takes the moon to orbit around Earth.
a) 19.5 days. b) This is the time it takes the moon to orbit around Earth.
a) 24 hours. b) This is the time it takes the Earth to rotate.
11
Drainage Pattern: A drainage pattern resembling the branches of a tree
Radial pattern
Rectangular pattern
Dendritic pattern
Trellis pattern
12
Step-like landforms found above a stream and its floodplain; caused by rapid uplift, climate changes, base level drops
Incised meanders
Downcutting
Stream terraces
13
A large, fan- or cone-shaped pile of sediment that forms where stream velocity decreases emerging from mountain to plain
Alluvial fans
Deltas
Floodplain
Fars
14
Sediment transport loads: Dissolved ions produced by the chemical weathering of soluble minerals upstream
Bed load
Dissolved load
Suspended load
15
What is the point of greatest gravitational force called (a)? What is the point of least gravitational force called (b)?
a) Zenith, b) Nadir
a) Nadir, b) Zenith
16
This term is controlled by the stream gradient, channel size, and channel roughness.
Stream discharge
Stream erosion
Stream gradient
Flow velocity
17
Large particles that travel along the streambed by rolling, sliding or dragging
Traction
Saltation
18
If mass increases, the gravitational force __ (a). If distance increases, the gravitational force greatly __ (b).
a) increases, b) increases
a) decreases, b) decreases
a) decreases, b) increases
a) increases, b) decreases
19
The location of maximum velocity
Sea level
Natural levee
Thalweg
Base level
20
When a crescent-shaped meander becomes a lake and fills in with sediment over time.
Oxbow lake
Meandering stream
Meander cutoff
21
What are some characteristics of all Tides?
Caused by celestial forces & gravitational relations w/ sun, moon, & Earth.
Almost all ocean areas experience tides
They are the largest ocean waves in terms of wavelength.
In tides, the tidal bulge waveform is what is moving, not the water itself.
22
Streams cannot erode below their _______, which is sea level near the coast.
Thalweg
Natural levee
Base level
Sea level
23
These flow faster along the outside of the bends and slower along the inside, depositing point bars on the insides.
Meander cutoffs
Meandering streams
Oxbow lakes
24
What is a Lunar Day?
The time for Earth to make 1 full rotation.
The time the moon is directly overhead until the next time it is overhead.
The time for Earth to make 3 full rotations.
The time the moon is directly behind until the next time it is behind.
25
Drainage Pattern: Parallel streams with short tributaries meeting at right angles.
Trellis pattern
Radial pattern
Rectangular pattern
Dendritic pattern
26
A structure that separates the streams that flow into the Pacific from those that flow into the Atlantic and GoM.
Continental Divide
Divide
Drainage Basin
Tributary
27
What force is the difference between the gravity and centripetal forces (this force is what generates the tides)
Tension forces
Resultant forces
Super forces
Earth forces
28
A structure eroded into the streambed by the abrasive action of the sediment load in the stream
Solution
Pothole
Abrasion
Hydraulic action
29
What are some characteristics of Semidiurnal Tides?
2 high 2 low tides each day; tidal period is 12 hrs 25 mins
1 high 1 low tide each day; tidal period is 24 hrs 50 mins
The most common type of tide
2 high 2 low tides each day (asymmetrical); tidal period is 12 hrs 25 mins
30
Structures that retain a sinuous pattern as they cut vertically downward; may be produced by profound base level changes
Incised meanders
Downcutting
Stream terraces
31
The tide generating force of the Sun is about __ of that of the moon. Solar bulges are only __ the size of lunar bulges
46%; 46%
26%;26%
100%; 100%
75%;75%
32
Drainage Pattern: Streams diverge outward like the spokes of a wheel. Occurs on structures such as conical mountains.
Rectangular pattern
Trellis pattern
Dendritic pattern
Radial pattern
33
Tidal bulges are in a __ position.
flexible
fixed
34
What is the duration of a Lunar Day (a) and its tidal period (b)?
a) ~24 hours 50 minutes. b) 12 hours 25 minutes.
a) ~24 hours 50 minutes. b) ~24 hours 50 minutes.
a) 48 hours. b) 24 hours.
a) 24 hours. b) 12 hours.
35
What two forces contribute to the generation of tides?
Gravity & Centripetal forces between only the sun on Earth.
Gravity & Centripetal forces between only the moon on Earth.
Gravity & Centripetal forces between the sun and the moon on Earth.
36
High tides and the rise of the moon are usually __ minutes later each successive day.
50
25
60
30
37
Sediment transport loads: Small/light sediment that remains suspended in the water column for indefinite amount of time
Dissolved load
Bed load
Suspended load
38
The process of deepening a valley by erosion of the streambed; usually forms V-shaped valleys.
Stream terraces
Incised meanders
Downcutting
39
This term is controlled by flow velocity and stream discharge.
Stream discharge
Flow velocity
Stream gradient
Stream erosion
40
Gravitational force is different across the Earth, and centripetal force ____.
Is also different across the earth
Is equal on all parts of the earth
41
A body of running water, confined to a channel, that runs downhill under the influence of gravity.
Pond
Stream
Ocean
Lake
42
The downhill slope of the stream bed.
Stream erosion
Stream discharge
Stream gradient
Flow velocity
43
Drainage Pattern: Tributaries have frequent 90° bends and join other streams at right angles
Dendritic pattern
Trellis pattern
Rectangular pattern
Radial pattern
44
Deposition: A body of sediment deposited at the mouth of a river when flow velocity decreases in a larger body of water.
Floodplain
Deltas
Bars
Alluvial fans
45
The dissolving of rocks
Solution
Pothole
Hydraulic action
Abrasion
46
What is declination?
The angular distance of the sun or moon above or below Earth's equator.
The angular distance of the sun or moon right on Earth's equator.
The angular distance of only the sun above or below Earth's equator.
The angular distance of only the moon above or below Earth's equator.
47
What is NOT true about channel shape and roughness?
Wide and rough channels decrease flow speed.
Channel shape and roughness don't deal with frictional forces.
Narrower, deeper channels allow faster flow and smoother allow slower flow.
Affects stream velocity due to drag.
48
What is the name of the moon's tidal ranges?
Apogee (farthest to earth) and Perigee (closest to Earth)
Aphelion (farthest to earth) and Perihelion (closest to earth)
49
What is the name of the Sun's tidal ranges?
Apogee (farthest to earth) and Perigee (closest to Earth)
Aphelion (farthest to earth) and Perihelion (closest to earth)
50
The total area drained by a stream and its tributaries
Drainage Basin
Continental Divide
Tributary
Divide
51
What is the maximum angle of declination from the equator (a)? What is it impacted by (b)?
a) 23.5°. b) 20.5° of it is from Earth's tilt, and 3° is the Moon's tilt.
a) 100°. b) 75° of it is from Earth's tilt, and 25° is from the Moon's tilt
a) 28.5°. b) 23.5° of it is from Earth's tilt, and 5° is the Moon's tilt.
a) 10.5°. b) 5.25° of it is from Earth's tilt, and 5.25° is the Moon's tilt
52
These may form when a new, shorter channel is cut through the narrow neck of a meander.
Meander cutoff
Oxbow lake
Meandering stream
53
The arrangement, in map view, of a stream and its tributaries.
Stream gradient
Drainage Pattern
Stream Erosion
Potholes
54
The volume of water flowing past a given point in a unit of time.
Flow velocity
Stream gradient
Stream discharge
Stream erosion
55
What is the Amphidromic Point?
Point in ocean basins/bays; large change in water levels from tides occur
Point in ocean basins/bays; no change in water levels from tides occur
56
What are some characteristics of Mixed Tidal Patterns?
1 high 1 low tide each day; tidal period is 24 hrs 50 mins
The most common types of tides
2 high 2 low tides each day; tidal period is 12 hours 25 mins
2 high 2 low tides each day (asymmetrical); tidal period is 12 hrs 25 mins
57
What is the common center of mass (the balance point) that two bodies rotate around called?
The center
The barycenter
The zenith
The garycenter
58
Medium particles that travel by bouncing along
Traction
Saltation
59
A small stream flowing into a larger one.
Tributary
Divide
Continental Divide
Drainage Basin
60
Sediment Deposition: Ridges of sediment deposited in the middle or along the sides of a stream.
Bars
Alluvial fans
Deltas
Floodplain
