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AP Psychology Semester 1 Review 2022-2023 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psychology Semester 1 Review 2022-2023
AP Psychology Semester 1 Review 2022-2023
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1
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
lesioning
tumor ligation
ESB
stereotaxic inversion
2
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
decibels
loudness
pitch
timbre
3
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the availability heuristic
use a holistic decision model
are using the representativeness heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
4
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
corpus callosum
parietal lobe
pineal gland
thalamus
5
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
unrealistic demands from family/friends
6
The final step required to convert vibrations into sound sensations takes place where?
Outer ear
Cochlea
Ossicles
Middle ear
7
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete retrieval failure
complete storage failure
partial retrieval
partial storage
8
According to the Cannon-Bard theory, the experience of an emotion
precedes physiological arousal.
occurs simultaneously with physiological arousal.
depends on the intensity of physiological arousal.
can occur only after physiological arousal.
9
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mean
midpoint
mode
median
10
Frequency is to ___________ as amplitude is to ____________.
sensation; perception
loudness; pitch
pitch; loudness
perception; sensation
11
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Wernicke's area
Cannon's area
Broca's area
Sperry's area
12
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
top-down processing
bottom-to-top processing
lateral processing
bottom-up processing
13
The semicircular canals are most directly relevant to
the vestibular sense
kinesthesis
hearing
parallel processin
14
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
questionnaires
physiological recordings
psychological tests
direct observation
15
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
a personality test
an aptitude test
an intelligence test
an achievement test
16
See Image for Question
belongingness
instinct
self-actualization
safety
17
Weber's law is relevant to an understanding of
difference thresholds
absolute thresholds
sensory adaptation
parallel processing
18
Theory suggest that large-fiber activity in spine prevents pain signals from reaching the brain
frequency theory
opponent-process theory
gate-control theory
signal detection theory
19
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thyroid
gonads
thalamus
pituitary
20
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
location of injury
spinal cord
cortex
thalamus
21
See Image for Question
happiness is largely a function of experience.
our experience of emotion depends on how we interpret the body's arousal.
some emotions can be experienced apart from cognition.
there are subtle but distinct physiological differences among the emotions.
22
Jo &her partner want to feel&express greater warmth &affection for the other. They should spend time looking intently at
one another's lips
one another's hand gestures
one another's body position
one another's eyes
23
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
neodynamism
psychoanalysis
functionalism
behaviorism
24
Ms. It says that the need for physical safety must be met before city dwellers will make friends with others. An example
of instincts
of a hierarchy motive
of homeostasis
of set point
25
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
dopamine
serotonin
acetylcholine
endorphin
26
In response to harmful stimulus, ___ initiate neural impulses leading to the sensation of pain
ganglion fibers
nociceptors
bipolar cells
vestibular sensory
27
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
linguistic heuristics
syntax
morphemes
phonemes
28
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
short-term
sensory
intermediate-term
long-term
29
The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the rods and cones is the
cornea
optic nerve
retina
fovea
30
Damage to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup is most likely to cause
sensorineural hearing loss
prosopagnosia
phantom limb sensations
conduction hearing loss
31
The greatest density of cones exists in which part of the eye?
Lens
Cornea
Fovea
Pupil
32
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
representativeness heuristic
law of small numbers
availability heuristic
conjunction heuristic
33
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a potential score
mental age
IQ
a percentile score
34
When we select, organize, & interpret sensory info so we can recognize objects/events it's
parallel processing
perception
sensation
priming
35
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
standardized validity
content validity
predictive validity
criterion-related validity
36
Objects are brought into focus on the retina by changes in the curve/thickness of the
rods and cones
lens
bipolar cells
optic nerve
37
Black & white vision w/ greatest sensitivity under low levels of illumination describes role of
Cones
Cornea
Fovea
Rods
38
The process of receiving and representing stimulus energies by the nervous system is called
perception
priming
accommodation
sensation
39
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
sensation
attention
perception
processing
40
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
memory
the endocrine system
feeding
the autonomic nervous system
41
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the correlational group
the control group
the experimental group
the observational group
42
Olfactory cells are the receptors for what sense?
Taste
Hearing
Smell
Vision
43
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
overestimating the improbable
the confirmation bias
the gambler's fallacy
the conjunction fallacy
44
Which theory best explains how we perceived low-pitched sounds?
gate-control theory
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
place theory
45
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
brainstem
cerebellum
reticular formation
limbic system
46
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
smelling an odor
moving a part of his body
seeing a flash of light
hearing a sound
47
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
symmetry
closure
similiarity
constancy
48
Experiencing a green afterimage of a red object is most easily explained by
the frequency theory
the gate-control theory
the Young-Helmholtz theory
the opponent-process theory
49
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia
retroactive interference
pseudoforgetting
50
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; personality
standardized; intelligence
personality; standardized
intelligence; standardized
51
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
intelligence
insight
reasoning
creativity
52
The image below is an example of the gestalt principle of
closure
continuity
similarity
proximitly
53
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
reiteration
recall
recognition
relearning
54
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
ablated
encoded
modeled
55
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
sensory memories
flashbulb memories
non-declarative memories
episodic memories
56
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
stirrup
temporal lobe
oval window
cochlea
57
See Image for Question
parasympathetic
somatic
central
sympathetic
58
The fovea, which is responsible for foveal vision, allows us to
see figures movements
see figures in color
see figures clearly, distinctly, and in fine detail
see figures only in black and white
59
Which receptor cells most directly enable us to distinguish different wavelengths of light?
feature detectors
optic nerves
rods
cones
60
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
correlation coefficients
standard deviation
means
percentiles
61
Which theory can best explain why people respond differently to the same stimuli?
Opponent-Process Theory
Bottom-Up Theory
Frequency Theory
Signal Detection Theory
62
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
morphemic
mnemonic
phonemic
platonic
63
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
sciatic receptors
olfactory cilia
smell buds
gustatory bulbs
64
A perceptual set implies that...
people often see what they expect to see
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
65
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Wilhelm Wundt
G. Stanley Hall
William James
Rene Decartes
66
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
schema
semantic network
chunk
script
67
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
genetic influences on IQ
group differences in basic intelligence
changes in testing procedures
a variety of environmental factors
68
The effect of prior experience & current expectations on perceptions best illustrates the
importance of transduction
the importance of top-down processing
the importance of sensory thresholds
importance of accommodation
69
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
afferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
efferent nerves
autonomic nerves
70
You typically fail to consciously perceive that your own nose is in your line of vision. This
best illustrates subliminal perceptions
best illustrates change blindness
best illustrates selective attention
best illustrates fovea
71
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
subliminal perception
a superimposed stimulus
a just noticeable difference
a false alarm
72
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
consistency
accuracy of inference
representativeness
predictability
73
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
color
brightness
light purity
saturation
74
The area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the
pupil
visual cortex
cornea
blind spot
75
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
neurotransmitters
agonists
action potentials
antagonists
76
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold information for a lifetime
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
put information into long-term memory
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
77
The pitch of a sound is determined by what?
the amplitude of the sound wave
the frequency of the sound wave
the decibel level of the sound wave
the loudness of the sound wave
78
A valid test is one that...
is consistent
measures what it is supposed to measure
is reliable
has been standardized but not normed
79
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
attention encoding
dyadic encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
the semantic level of encoding
80
Feature detectors pass information to other cortical areas where complex patterns are
processed by bipolar cells
processed by the optic nerve
processed by supercell clusters
processed by opponent-process cells
81
The name of the transparent protective coating over the front part of the eye is:
Iris
Cornea
Lens
Fovea
82
Which of the following types of cells are located in the brain's occipital lobe?
bipolar cells
feature detectors
hair cells
rods and cones
83
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
cornea
iris
vitreous humor
lens
84
If an adult develops cataracts, his/her
absolute threshold for light is likely to decrease
difference threshold for light is likely to decrease
absolute threshold for light is likely to increase
difference threshold for light is likely to remain unchanged
85
Bottom-up processing involves analysis that begins with the
cerebral cortex
feature detectors
sensory receptors
optic nerve
86
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
give cookie
cookie
I eated a cookie
i wanted a cookie
87
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
cognition
mentalism
introspection
intelligence
88
Framing refers to...
presenting irrelevant information
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting only part of the information required
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
89
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
mechanical
musical
logical-mathemathical
spatial
90
For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce
a drive
homeostasis
the set point
an instinct
91
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
car-nose
fill-feed
boat-goat
tree-bird
92
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
limbic system
reticular formation
endocrine system
leftbrain/right brain communication
93
Hair cells line the surface of the
basilar membrane
eardrum
feature detectors
fovea
94
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
absolute threshold
sensory memory
subliminal threshold
just noticeable difference
95
An antagonist...
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
96
Which theory would be most helpful for explaining why people are motivated to watch horror movies?
arousal theory
drive-reduction theory
instinct theory
incentive theory
97
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the brain
behavior
the unconscious
conscious experience
98
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction capacity
transduction incapacity
the relative threshold period
the absolute refractory period
99
The James-Lange theory of emotion states that
the expression of emotion reduces our level of physiological arousal.
emotion is to be aware of physiological response to emotion-arousing event.
experience emotion we must be physically aroused& able to label the emotion
cognitive experience of emotion determine extent of physiological arousal
100
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
perception
sensation
consciousness
hypnosis
