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ESYS102 W18 Midterm Flashcards | StudBud
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ESYS102 W18 Midterm
ESYS102 W18 Midterm
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This old midterm is provided for practice.
Flashcards
50 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
50
Answers
1
The ENSO (El Nino and Southern Oscillation) pattern…
Affects precipitation in the Pacific and elsewhere.
Is driven by surface currents.
All of the these.
Is a cycle that typically recurs in 3-7 years.
2
Tibet and the Himalayas have high altitudes because
a hotspot uplifts the entire region
the buoyant continental lithosphere cannot subduct
The area is close to the equator
the snowpack is very thick because of Indian monsoons
3
The biological pump transports _______ to the deep ocean where ________ releases _______.
Inorganic carbon, respiration, organic carbon
Dissolved organic carbon, photosynthesis, inorganic carbon
Organic carbon, respiration, inorganic carbon
Dissolved inorganic carbon, photosynthesis, organic carbon
4
Where do the deepest earthquakes occur?
transform faults
subduction zones
in the middle of plates
mid-ocean ridges
5
A parcel of air moving due north at the southern hemisphere is…
Accelerated southward by the Coriolis force.
Accelerated northward by the Coriolis force.
Deflected to the east by the Coriolis force.
Deflected to the west by the Coriolis force.
6
Hadley Cells
Are broken into multiple cells by the Coriolis effect
Are responsible for bands of aridity at around 30N and 30S.
Are a consequence of uneven solar heating
All of these.
7
In the "Daisyworld", the coupling between daisy coverage and average surface temperature is
Neutral
Positive
Negative
All of these.
8
Upwelling regions are typically the result of…
All of these.
Ekman transport of water away from the coast.
Salt water floating because it is less dense.
The land-sea breeze oscillating each day.
9
Which one of these is NOT a way that sea ice affects climate?
formation of North Atlantic Deep Water
ocean-atmosphere heat exchange feedback
Ekman transport
ice-albedo feedback
10
The amount of energy or material passing through a given area per unit time is called
Frequency
Radiation
Temperature
Flux
11
Convergent plate boundaries have formed geologic structures such as…
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge
The East African Rift
The Tonga Trench
The San Andreas Fault
12
Which is NOT a consequence of the Laws of Radiation?
All of these.
All objects emit radiant energy.
Hotter objects emit more energy than colder objects.
The hotter the object, the shorter the wavelength.
13
The Gaia hypothesis argues that
Humans act like viruses
The Sun's luminosity has changed over time
Life maintains a stable climate
Greenhouse gases cause warming
14
Atmospheric pressure at sea level is…
Decreased exponentially with increasing altitude.
The cause of the Ekman spiral.
Increased in regions of rising air.
Decreased in regions of converging air.
15
Which of the following waves can flow through the outer core?
S waves
Rayleigh waves
P waves
Love waves
16
Permafrost:
is always high albedo
is ground that has frozen water in it
does not affect global climate
is ground that is at or below 0 degrees C for over 2 years
17
Sea ice production plays an important role in..
All of these.
North Atlantic Deep Water production
Thermohaline circulation
Ice-albedo feedback
18
The underlying cause of seafloor spreading is:
Global ocean ciculation
Tidal pull on buoyant continents
Mantle Convection
Thermal expansion of the Earth
19
Without the Greenhouse Effect on the Earth’s temperature...,
The global mean surface temperature would be255K.
The global mean surface temperature would be 288K.
The global mean surface temperature would be 303K.
The surface temperature would melt all of the sea ice.
20
Greenhouse gas molecules absorb and reemit IR radiation because they are able to…
Vibrate.
Rotate.
A and B.
Bend.
21
Surface ocean currents move…
90 degrees from the surface winds.
In the same direction as surface winds because of drag.
45 degrees from the surface winds.
In the opposite direction of the surface winds.
22
Seawater becomes denser and sinks when…
Water evaporates making it saltier.
Water condenses making it saltier.
Water warms making it denser.
Water warms giving it more downward velocity.
23
If both the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets melt, sea level is expected to rise by…
12 m
380 m
64 m
174 m
24
Tectonic plates are made of which layer of Earth?
atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
Athenosphere
25
High thin clouds will…
Absorb less and emit more radiation than low thick clouds.
Absorb more and emit more radiation than low thick clouds.
Absorb less and emit less radiation than low thick clouds.
Absorb more and emit less radiation than low thick clouds.
26
The albedo of the Earth increases with the area of sea ice, making sea ice an example of…
Planck’s function
A positive feedback on Earth’s temperature
A negative feedback on Earth’s temperature
The Greenhouse Effect
27
Atmospheric circulation is driven by…
Cold air rising at the Poles.
Salt air being denser.
More radiative heating of the Equator relative to the Poles.
Rain falling on sea ice.
28
Deuterium is an isotope of
Hydrogen
Water
Carbon
Oxygen
29
What pieces of evidence are used to prove the existence of Continental Drift?
Ocean gyre locations
Glacial striations across multiple continents
None of these.
The Gulf Stream.
30
What is the residence time of CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere?
24.3 years
12.7 years
100 years
10 months
31
What information can we retrieve in ice cores from glaciers and ice sheets?
past temperature changes
CH4 concentrations
CO2 concentrations
All of the these.
32
A polynya is…..
a region where two hadley cells converge
the base of the permafrost layer
the interaction zone between two converging plates
an area of open water surrounded by sea ice
33
A major concern about seismic risks in Southern California is
Scarcity of large earthquakes in the past few centuries
Subduction along the southern California coast.
Global warming and forest fires
Sea-level rise
34
The magnetic dynamo is…
Responsible for shielding the Earth from solar wind
A comic book character
None of these.
Produced by the upwelling of magma at plate boundaries
35
Deep ocean water originates from
The South Pacific
The Southern Ocean
B & C
The North Atlantic
36
Sub-glacial lakes
may contain prehistoric bacterial and animal populations
All of these.
are part of the circulation of water beneath icesheets
can lift the ice off the bedrock and facilitate sliding
37
A positive feedback loop…
Always produces a good or desired outcome.
Must only consists of positive couplings.
Tends to increase the effect of an initial forcing.
All of these.
38
Which lines of evidence did Wegener use to propose continental drift?
Distribution of terrestrial plants and animals.
Geomorphic fit of the continental shelves.
All of these.
Similarity of rocks in structures in the Atlantic Ocean.
39
The oldest seafloor is found at mid-ocean ridges.
false
true
40
Which value is closest to the current atmospheric CO2 concentration?
315 ppm
280 ppm
400 ppm
350 ppm
41
Most weather occurs in the
Stratosphere
Troposphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
42
Snow crystals form by
supercooled water droplets freeze onto ice crystals
directly changing from gas to solid
all of these
agglomeration
43
The west coast of North America is characterized primarily by what kind of plate boundaries:
spreading center
Subduction zone and transform fault.
transform fault
subduction zone
44
The Carbon Cycle…
All of the these.
Is affected by both organic and inorganic components.
Includes terrestrial and marine reservoirs.
Describes the flow of Carbon-containing compounds.
45
Which type of cloud has a net warming effect on the climate?
Cumulus
Stratus
Cirrus
Cumulonimbus
46
The Intertropical Convergence Zone
Brings large amounts of rain
Appears as a band of clouds
Has low atmospheric pressure at the surface
All of these.
47
The increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations in the last 100 years is due mostly to
Combustion of fossil fuels
Tropical deforestation
Volcanoes
Ocean acidification
48
By volume, most of the world's volcanism occurs:
at hot spots
at transform boundaries
at divergent boundaries
at convergent boundaries
49
Photosynthesis turns _____ carbon into _____ carbon
Organic, inorganic
Reduced, Oxidized
Inorganic, organic
Oxidized, inorganic
50
How do glaciers move?
Plastic flow AND basal slip.
Plastic flow.
Basal slip.
Elastic deformation.
