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APES FINAL 2024 Flashcards | StudBud
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APES FINAL 2024
APES FINAL 2024
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1
Carrying capacity is...
The amount of organisms an ecosystem can provide resources for.
All the living organisms in an area.
How many organisms living in an area.
Maximum organisms that can FIT in an area.
2
What is the region within the mesosphere and thermosphere that contains ions called?
ionosphere
convection
radiation
exosphere
3
Conventional natural gas is often found in deposits above what other resource?
oil
coal
water
peat
4
As altitude increases in the stratosphere, temperature ______________
decreases
increases
5
What gas makes up most of the Earth's atmosphere?
Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
6
Planting trees can prevent sediment pollution.
True
False
7
A house that uses passive solar heating in the Northern Hemisphere will
have large south facing windows
have large north facing windows
have little insulation
have an overhang to shade the house
8
Defne Endocrine Distributer
a chemical that assists a humans nervous system
a chemical that assists the endocrine system of humans and wildlife
a chemical that interferes with the endocrine system of humans and wildlife
a chemical that interferes with the cardiovascular system of humans
9
Coal, the dirtiest of all the fossil fuels, releases all but the following when burned.
Mercury (Hg)
Lead (Pb)
Sulfer oxides
CO2
10
Environmental problem associated with abandoned coal mines?
Released nutrients that cause eutrophication into streams
Air pollution caused by smog from ozone formation
Acid mine drainage due to the leaching of spoil heaps
Thermal pollution of streams in the area
11
Which body of water has the highest level of salinity?
ocean
marsh
river
lake
12
Which of the following describes infiltration?
when water is moved into a new geographic area
when water enters the ground
when water accumulates in rivers and lakes
when water is released from the leaves of plants
13
Tragedy of the Commons
Shakespearean Play
The persecution of a person or group over resources
Depletion of a shared resource
Negotiations over a resource rich land
14
An r-selected species has
few offspring
fast population growth rate
significant parental care
a type I survivorship curve
15
Two factors that affect climate?
Temperature and Precipitation
Precipitation and Vegetation
Temperature and Vegetation
Species and Temperature
16
Which biome would have the highest net primary production?
desert
coral reefs
savanna
boreal forest
17
What is biodiversity?
How many different organisms are in one ecosystem
One species in an ecosystem
The variations of alleles in a population
Organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
18
The montreal protocol....?
identified point source pollution sites and regulated them
set NOx emission standards in deforestation
required participants to phase out ozone depleting chemicals
involved the invention of the electrostatic precipitator
19
*Which of the following has the greatest Global Warming Potential (GWP)?
Methane
Carbon Monoxide
Hydroflurocarbons
Nitrous Oxide
20
r-selected species characteristics include
short lifespans
produce fewer, larger offspring
long gestation period
little to no parental care
21
Type 1 survivorship indicates which type of reproductive strategy?
K-selected
r-selected
22
R-selective species have _____; while K-selective species have _____.
short life spans with many offspring; longer life spans and fewer offspring
long life spans with many offspring; shorter life spans and fewer offspring
no fluctuations in population size; many fluctuations in population size
a population near the carrying capacity; rapid population growth
23
What kind of climate does the tundra have?
Cold
Temperate
Both hot and cold
Hot
24
Oceanic/oceanic convergence
Himalayas
California
Mid Ocean Ridge
Aleutian Islands
25
Acid precipitation is caused by...
Carbon dioxide
Carbonates
oxygen
nitrogen and sulfur oxides
26
Flood irrigation
uses pumps to make water flow across a paddock
uses less water than spray irrigation
uses gravity to allow water to flow down a paddock.
27
What are two carbon sinks that store carbon for millions of years? (Two answers, choose one)
Plants
Fossil Fuels
Animals
Limestone
28
Terrestrial biomes are those that are
over all the planet
in the air
in the water
on the land
29
Which method of timber harvesting has the least impact on ecosystems?
Seed-tree approach
Selection system
adaptive management
Clear-cutting
30
At transform plate boundaries, two plates....
...rub against each other up and down
...move past each other horiztonally
...move away from each other diagonally
....subduct
31
Which of the following describes runoff in the hydrologic cycle?
Water moving on surface of the earth towards rivers/lakes
When water is heated and transformed into a gas
When water travels underground into aquifers
When water is released by plants after respiration
32
Creates funds to reclaim abandoned coal mines.
Federal Land Policy and Management Act
Soil Conservation Act
Surface Mining Reclamation and Control Act
NEPA
33
Which method of timber harvesting cuts an entire stand of forest at one time?
selective cutting
deforestation
clear cutting
old growth harvesting
34
Nuclear power
is nonrenewable.
is renewable.
is made from petroleum.
is a type of fossil fuel.
35
what causes coral bleaching?
acid rain
cyclones
high water temperatures
oil spills
36
What is the difference between Gross and Net Primary Production (GPP vs NPP)?
NPP is GPP minus the energy producers use for respiration.
GPP is always less than NPP.
GPP deals with light energy while NPP deals with chemical.
GPP is NPP minus the energy producers use for respiration.
37
Which of the following would have the highest albedo?
Tropical Rainforest
Soil
Asphalt
Snow
38
Which of these descriptions matches the Desert Biome?
Hot year round, humid with heavy rainfall
Hot and dry summer; mild but humid winter
Very hot and dry; little to no rainfall
Average rainfall, warm summers and cold winters
39
Wet and dry scrubbers are used to:
Remove air pollutants from industrial exhaust
Remove air pollutants from automobile exhaust
Clean dishes
Remove oil from polluted waters
40
If a population doubles every 23.3 years, what is the growth rate?
1%
2%
3%
4%
41
Of sand, silt, & clay, which has the highest permeability?
Silt
All are equal
Clay
Sand
42
Tropical rainforest biomes...
help maintain global weather patterns and rain
have very dry climates
do not play a role in peoples lives
experience the least amount of precipitation
43
What can cause habitat destruction?
fire
weather
disease
all of these
44
Who is a Primary Consumer?
Seal
Lobster
Sea Urchin
Gull
45
What forms when oceanic crust diverges?
Creates mid-ocean ridges (seafloor spreading) & new crust
New crust
Islands are created
Mountains form
46
Non-native, or invasive species tend to have a negative effect on an ecosystem because
they eat the native species reducing their numbers
all of these are correct
they can outcompete native species
they have little or no predators
47
Concentrated Solar Power
Energy derived from the suns radiation
Uses a solar collector to heat air or water
Use of parabolic mirrors to concentrate sunlight into a beam
Cell that converts solar energy into electricity
48
layers of atmosphere
lithosphere, medophere, inner core and outer core
crust, mantle, core
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
tropsophere, mesaphere, thermospere, core
49
Disadvantage of Biofuel.
Causes acid rain
Causes removal of rainforest by using agricultural land.
Produces smog
Produces radioactive waste
50
_______________ can combine with volitile organic compounds to form ground-level ozone.
nitrogen oxide
sulfur dioxide
lead
carbon monoxide
51
eutrophication is caused by
CFCs
excessive nutrients
thermal pollution
acid rain
52
Persistent Organic Pollutants
do not dissolve in seawater
do not break down in the environment
are very rare in the ocean
are a natural occurrence
53
The layer of the atmosphere between the stratosphere and the thermosphere is called the
troposphere
exosphere
mesosphere
ionosphere
54
___________ is the study of human population growth.
Demography
Biology
Ecology
Geography
55
Which of the following would have the highest level of dissolved oxygen in the water?
salt marsh
swamp
Bog
Stream
56
Which is a problem related clearcutting?
Soil is turned up
Wildlife loses large areas of habitat
timber companies save money
Erosion of soil stops
57
What forms when continental crust converges with continental crust?
Volcanoes
Folded Mountains
Islands
Rift Valleys
58
Drip irrigation
all of these answers are correct.
is 95% water efficient.
reduces weed growth.
involves dripping water near the roots of a plant.
59
Ocean acidification is caused by __________ and can significantly affect _______
mining, coral reefs
sea level rise, baby seals
carbon dioxide, shellfish
dissolved oxygen, fish
60
The number of years it takes to double a population
double-double
doubling time
HDI double
spaghetti forgetti
61
As a result of bioaccumulation and biomagnification, which trophic level would suffer the greatest risk?
secondary consumers
primary consumers
producers
tertiary consumers
62
Biomes with higher temperatures and less precipitation tend to have
shorter and denser vegetation
taller and less dense vegetation
shorter and less dense vegetation
taller and denser vegetation
63
What are factors that affect infant mortality rate?
Educational opportunities and poverty rates
Infectious disease rates and poverty rates
Access to healthcare & good nutrition
Access to healthcare and infectious disease rates
64
How would you compare specialist vs generalist species in their ability to respond to ecosystem disturbances?
Specialists = generalists at adapting to ecosystem disturbances
Generalists are > at adapting to ecosystem disturbances than specialists
Neither specialists/generalists cannot adapt to ecosystem disturbances
Specialists are > at adapting to ecosystem disturbances than generalists
65
Which of the following organisms are herbivores?
white grubs and caterpillars
finches and mosquitoes
ladybugs and grasshoppers
owls and dragonflies
66
A consequence of human population growth
An increase in biosphere stability
A decrease in natural resources
A decrease in deforestation
An increase in numbers and kinds of animals worldwide
67
Which non-renewable source of energy produces the most CO2?
Natural Gas
Coal
Nuclear
Oil
68
What forms when an ocean plate and continental plate converge?
Seafloor Spreading
Subduction creates volcanic mountain ranges.
Rift Valleys
Subduction creates volcanic island arcs.
69
The Paris Agreement is
a treaty aimed at reducing co2 emissions
a treaty for the US and Canada only
a treaty aimed at increasing production levels
a new location for development
70
Which of the followings not true about temperate deciduous forest
Both 1 and 2
animals like squirrels find food like berries and nuts
soil is rich and plants cover forest floor
trees grow green leaves in spring & loose them in summer
71
Which of the following describes
denitrification
?
Changes N2 gas to ammonium
Changes nitrates into plant biomass
Changes ammonium to nitrates
Changes nitrates to N2 gas
72
What is the doubling time for a population with a growth rate,
R,
of 5%?
5 years
35 years
70 years
14 years
73
What is made from ground level ozone combining with vehicle exhaust?
potable water
CFCs
smog
acid rain
74
_____ drives the water cycle
Clouds
Grass
Lakes
Sun
75
An example of an organism with a type 1 survivorship curve is:
human
squirrel
oyster
76
Found at subduction zones
Caldera
Shield
Composite Volcano
Cinder Cone
77
What might cause a population to exceed carrying capacity?
slow growth rate
mild winter where food is plentiful
newly protected forest area in different region
forest fire which destroys habitat
78
As altitude increases, temperature
None of the above
Decreases
Increases
Stays the Same
79
Which of the following describes transpiration?
When water is released by plants after respiration
When water is moved to a different geographic area
When water accumulates in bodies of water
When water enters the ground
80
Name a landform that forms from a continental-continental convergence.
rift valleys
mountains
mid-ocean ridges
island arcs
81
Continental-Continental,Oceanic-Oceanic,Continental-Oceanic are what plate boundary type?
Divergent
Transform
Convergent
82
Which best explains point source vs. non point source pollution?
point source has a single origin
point source is from humans, non point source from animals
non point source has a single origin
point source can't be traced
83
When was the Demographic Transition Model created?
2017
1933
1967
1929
84
Solar panels (photovoltaic cells) are made from what material?
calcium
chromium
silicon
sodium
85
What island would be least biodiverse according to the theory of island biogeography?
A small island that's far from the mainland
a large island that is close to the mainland
a small island that is close to the mainland
a large island that's far from the mainland
86
What have the highest GWP?
Chlorofluorocarbons
Methane
Water vapor
Sulfur hexafluoride
87
Catalytic converters reduce
hydrocarbons
carbon monoxide
nitrogen oxides
all of these
88
Infant Mortality Rate
# of babies born/ year
# of deaths/ year
# of babies that die before age 1
# of births/ year
89
Biomagnification vs. Bioaccumulation
Biomagnification and Bioaccumulation- No effect on the ecosystem or species
Biomagnification and Bioaccumulation- all are affected
Biomagnification-ecosystem affected bioaccumulation-species
biomagnification-species bioaccumulation-ecosystem affected
90
Indoor air pollutants
All of the above
Nitrogen oxides
Carbon monoxide
Asbestos
91
Most abundant anthropogenic greenhouse gas.
H2O
CFC
CO2
CH4
92
Nitrogen Fixation is when bacteria combines nitrogen gas with hydrogen to make ammonia.
True
False
