Major Divisions — Functional Cortex

the primary site of conscious perception of sound & recognition of speech & language in human species

the lobe known as the visual cortex; where the ventral and dorsal streams begin

which frontal lobe structure is important for vestibular function?

a massive tract of axons located at the bottom of the longitudinal cerebral fissures is called the ____

“strongly active during the direction of attention; interprets visual & spatial info during performance of action”

the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) inputs relate to steregnosis, proprioception, noxious, and thermal sensations

the inferior frontal gyrus uses output from the temporal association areas to

the parietal lobe is known as the multimodal sensory center of the cerebrum

dorsal & ventral pathways exit ___ to superior/inferior lobule for processing; also exit ___

____ serves as the information processing hub & center of all integrative operations of the cerebrum

wernicke’s area takes raw data (lexical & phonological info) & maps it to stored info to help w/ auditory comprehension

the inferior parietal lobule is made of the ____ & the ____

which is NOT true about M1?

the ____ is involved important neural networks for speech & language production & comprehension

“the sensation of knowing where your body is in space”

which gyrus within the inferior parietal lobule may also be involved in understanding metaphors & sensor of embodiment?

the parietal lobe is linked to motor control areas of the frontal lobe & is the sensory complement to motor performance

the angular gyrus receives information about lines & circles taken in by the occipital lobe to decipher them into words

has subcortical connections to the nuclei of the thalamus, basal ganglia, reticular formation, and neuromodulary nuclei

which of these is NOT true about the responsibilities of the frontal lobe?

the premotor cortex has 2 parts: the ___ & the ___

the SMA proper (caudal) is responsible for being active in…..

the FEF is thought to regulate conjugate saccades of the eyes.

the frontal lobe uses V1 inputs for executive function processes & the performance of goal directed actions

this area was traditionally viewed as “the seat of speech motor control activity”

“name all the animals you can that start with /k/“ is an example of

which temporal gyrus is responsible for hearing & auditory comprehension?

the central sulcus separates the ___ & the ___

no auditory stimulus but you hear something that is not there

the __ is involved in processing auditory & language info & reading facial emotions; may play role in hallucinations

the temporal association areas help assign emotional quality to sensory experiences related to object recognition by

pre-SMA (rostral) is responsible for being active in…..

“M1 homunculus: more coverage a body landmark has, the ____ neurons there are available to move that body landmark.”

the parietal lobe has 3 zones, which of these is NOT considered a zone within the parietal lobe?

which nuclei does the the Frontal-Eye Fields (FEF) NOT project information to?

the largest lobe in the cerebral cortex is the

semantic categories are best described as…

“discrimination of 3D objects by touch alone”

“the where of vision; analyzes motion & spatial relationships” ; parietal info; useful for reading

the temporal association areas are necessary for the

the supramarginal & angular gyrus are NOT involved in reading

the 4 principal anatomical & functional subdivisions of the cerebral hemispheres are called

which gyrus within the inferior parietal lobule is involved in reading & math?

which premotor cortex sub-area is used for limb movements & may be useful for writing?

the parietal lobe discriminates special senses

the cerebrum, split into 2 hemispheres called the cerebral hemispheres, are split by the _____

subcortical structures (basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala, insula & white matter) are NOT parts of the cerebrum

color, shading, form, orientation, visual field source, & contrast all make up

the __ helps us sound out & learn new words; it is also used in phonological processing/reading novel words

the superior temporal gyrus is organized by frequency just like the basilar membrane in the ear.

damage to the angular gyrus can lead to alexia and acaluclia

the SMA within the premotor cortex does NOT have 2 branches that handle different levels of sequencing.

“the what of vision; analyzes forms, colors, & faces”; temporal info; object details can be stored & sent for processing

commands from association cortices must be fully sequenced before they are sent to the primary sites

A1 is organized tonotopically by sound, this means it is organized by

which premotor cortex sub-area is used to sequence complex movements (like speech)?

The Brodmann’s map consist of ___ areas

the lobe responsible for auditory & language comprehension neural circuits, memory, & identification of complex objects

which gyrus within the inferior parietal lobule is responsible for storing auditory representations of phonemes

what anatomical structure makes up the primary auditory cortex (A1)?

M1 received somatosensory inputs (tactile & proprioceptive) from the ___ & ___

broca’s area does NOT play a role in aiding in the interpretation of context and semantic processing

___ has somatotopically representation of the body’s sensory surfaces

“a critical region for being able to detect & discriminate all forms of somatic inputs (like spatial awareness)”

the lateral sulcus is located above the superior temporal gyrus

the__ detects visual stimuli based on feature; located in occipital lobe

visual association areas group features & output them to the ___ & ___ of the cerebrum for integration

between the 2 scenarios, which would be more largely represented on the M1 homunculus?

the pre-central gyrus receives motor inputs from the ___, ___, & ___

sensory homunculus (s1): more neurons given to areas with more sensory receptors = provide more skilled movement

this area of the frontal lobe is active during the development & planning of actions; projects info directly to M1

the prefrontal cortex has massive connections. which of these is NOT an area that receives communication with the PFC?

wernicke’s area retrieves memorized/stored words by axons communicating with the medial & inferior temporal gyri

reading does NOT require the perception of graphemes (visual component; letters & numbers)

“name all the farm animals you can” is an example of

which of these does Broca’s area NOT play a role in?

the middle & inferior temporal, known as object recognition areas, receive input from ALL but

processes, organizes, packages, & sends information to other areas for further processing

this memory area may fire spontaneously without sensory input

in development, emergence of speech-language absolutes can occur in the frontal lobe.

gyri are the “hills” we can see on the outside view of the brain

the main function of M1 is to receive motor plans & send info down to the muscles

a brain area that is active “at rest”

trigeminal pathways are important pathways for speech

the “grooves” of the cerebrum are called

damage to the supramarginal gyrus can result in phonological dyslexia, which means…..

“cognition, purpose/desire to move, personality, social behavior” describes executive functions of the ____

M1 (or pre-central gyrus) is an association area

the pre-motor area (PMA) plans actions of the limbs based on visual input.

the lobe responsible for problem solving, executive function, & working memory

primary sites are responsible for raw information input and direct output to the body (execution)

Which of these structures is located near/within the superior temporal gyrus is responsible for ONLY auditory detection

when you are day dreaming, planning our details of your day, or contemplating past life experiences, your __ is active

the angular gyrus is more caudal than the supramarginal gyrus