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The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment
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1
Voltaire was best known for his criticism of
religious intolerance
Plato
Chinese civilization
the German monarchical system
2
Deism is the belief that
a spirit controls every event
none of these
God created the universe but does not actively run it
if God exists he has no interest in the world
3
French Physiocrats believed in natural economic laws and were harsh critics of mercantilism
True
False
4
Adam Smith's
The Wealth of Nations
was a forceful rejection of laissez-faire
True
False
5
Economic Liberalism is best represented by...
Both of these
Physiocrats
Adam Smith
None of these
6
The concerto, symphony and opera all reached their "zenith" thanks to this child prodigy...
Mozart
Handel
Bach
Haydn
7
John Locke's tabula rasa refers to...
the temple of reason
the image of God
the table of tradition
a blank mind
8
In the 18th century most surgeons practiced crude, bloody surgery.
True
False
9
The French philosophes
flourished in an atmosphere of government support
supported state censorship of ideas different than their own
none of these
meant to change thte world through reason and rationality
10
The French philosophes
aristocracy and nobility
urban artisans and craftsmen
the nobility and the middle class
the lower class and the lower middle class
11
18th Century: Who were the religious majority in...Spain
Lutherans
Catholics
Anglicans
Calvinists
12
A less brutal approach to justice and punishment in the 18th century is best associated with
Diderot
Montesquieu
Voltaire
Beccaria
13
The Hierarchy of Practitioners = 1. Physicians 2. Surgeons 3. Midwives/Faith Healers
False
True
14
European intellectual life in the 18th century was marked by
an intense pessimism about the possibility of human progress
growing antisemitism and persecution of minorities
a return to monastic traditions
the search for natural laws to govern human life
15
Scientist-Philosopher who provided a link between the science of the 17th/thinkers of the 18th
de Fontenelle
Voltaire
Diderot
Newton
16
According to "The Social Contract", the "general will" was
a social consensus to which the individual must obey
derived from the law of supply and demand
a meaningless abstraction
a license to do as one pleased
17
Which was considered to be more of a "romantic" writer?
Henry Fielding
Samuel Richardson
18
A cheap a popular alcoholic drink in 18th century
beer
whiskey
gin
mead
19
The punishment of crimes in the 18th century was often
carried out privately
public and gruesome
less severe than the crime would merit
carried out by mobs
20
Voltaire was the author of
none of these
The Progress of the Human Mind
Common Sense
Philosophic Letters on the English
21
Denis Diderot was an enthusiastic Christian
True
False
22
Carnival was celebrated in the weeks leading up to
Christmas
Easter
Lent
All Saints Day
23
The philosopher who proclaimed the motto "dare to know!"
Voltaire
Diderot
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Immanuel Kant
24
Identify this art style that wanted to
recapture
the simplicity and dignity of Ancient Rome.
Baroque
Neo-classicism
Rococo
25
According to Rousseau, the source of inequality and the chief cause of crimes was
scientific experimentation
private property
religion
marriage
26
Female philosophe who published a translated Principia, was the mistress of Voltaire...
Marie Antionette
Catherine the Great
the Marquise du Chalet
Mary Wollstonecraft
27
The 18th century English historian, Edward Gibbon, blamed the downfall of ancient Rome on...
pagan practices
over-extension of resources
none of these things
Christian practices
28
The works of de Fontenelle...
advocated the replacement of Catholicism with Protestantism
questioned the capacity of women to comprehend science
popularized a growing skepticism towards religion
portrayed churches as allies of scientific progress
29
Cesare Beccaria is best regarded as a reformer of...
Justice
Women's Rights
Medicine
Monarchy
30
Published travel accounts of different cultures...
led to the development of cultural relativism
all of these
presented an image of a "natural man"
saw the origin of the term "noble savage"
31
Pogroms were
treaties offering Jewish communities economic liberties
parties held to celebrate the amity between Jews/Christians
special Jewish holidays practiced by Austrian Jews
instances of violence against Jewish communities
32
Louis XIV suppressed rights of __________ in the 17thcentury.
Jews
Huguenots
Catholics
Calvinists
33
The strongest statement of women's rights during the Enlightenment was made by
Margeret Cavendish
Mary I
Maria Winkelmann
Mary Wollstonecraft
34
The belief in natural laws underlying all areas of human life led to
scientific theism
the emergence of the "science of man"
the abandonment of the scientific method
intellectual stagnation
35
Adam Smith believed that government
should not interfere in people's economic decisions
has a responsibility to manage the economy
should set prices across the board, maintaining stability
is not necessary to run a society
36
The Toleration Patent of 1781 allowed many Protestants to practice their faith privately
False
True
37
German man, Director of music at the Church of St. Thomas. He composed "St. Matthews Passion"
Handel
Bach
Mozart
Haydn
38
German man, he wrote unusual sounding pieces, he is best known for his work "Messiah"
Mozart
Haydn
Bach
Handel
39
The recognized capital of the Enlightenment was...
London
Paris
Geneva
Vienna
40
Identify this art style that rejected Baroque, it emphasized grace, movement and curvature.
Romanticism
Neo-classicism
Rococo
41
Galileo, Kepler and Newton explicitly attempted to undermine religious authority
True
False
42
Many Enlightenment thinkers supported Jewish freedom but this person was considered a hypocrite
Locke
Diderot
Voltaire
Beccaria
43
John Wesley openly preached to people in fields, his belief was called....
Rococo
Anglicanism
Methodism
Rationalism
44
Enlightened thinkers can be understood as secularists because they strongly recommended
the application of the scientific method
the establishment of dictatorships throughout Europe
rigorous state control of education
dismantling of churches
45
18th Century: Who were the religious majority in....Scandinavia?
Lutherans
Catholics
Anglicans
Calvinists
46
Newton and Locke
created 2 different antagonistic religious thought systems
argued that their were natural laws that governed humans
had little influence on the Enlightenment
claimed math and science could cure the ills of society
47
Pietism refers to an emphasis on the mystical experience of God as a conduit of faith.
True
False
48
John Locke was a strict supporter of absolute rule
True
False
49
The purpose of Diderot's
Encyclopedia
, according to him, was to
change general ways of thought
get the uneducated masses to respect authority
dispute the claims of science
usher in God's kingdom on earth
50
Which of the following of statements concerning salons was not true?
as hostesses, women were able to influence art/literature
The reputation of the salon depended on the men who attended
they advanced literary minded themes
they were frequented by wealthy bourgeoisie
51
18th Century: Who were the religious majority in...England?
Calvinists
Anglicans
Lutherans
Catholics
52
18th Century: Who were the religious majority in...Scotland
Catholics
Lutherans
Anglicans
Calvinists
53
Who said that individuals will forced to be free if they did not obey the general will?
Quesnay
Rousseau
Diderot
Beccaria
54
The leader of the Physiocrats and their advocacy of natural economic laws was
Isaac Newton
Adam Smith
Francois Quesnay
David Hume
55
Montesquieu's The Spirit of the Laws argued that the best political system in a modern society
is when its divided between three branches of government
is when the nobility is uninformed
is when most gov resources are put towards the military
is when the king practices absolute power
