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Physical Science Semester Exam
Physical Science Semester Exam
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1
What happens to the forward and reverse reactions when a system reaches its equilibrium state?
both the forward and reverse reactions stop.
The forward and reverse reactions both continue to occur at the same rate
the forward reaction stops and the reverse reaction continues to occur
the reverse reaction stops and the forward reaction continues to occur
2
Decreasing the temp. of a system that has reached chemical equilibrium
shifts the reaction toward rge side of the equation that releases energy.
does not effect equilibrium
shifts the reaction torward the side of the equation that absorbs energ.
causes the reactions to stop altogether.
3
What is the currently accepted model of the atom?
the nuclear model
the quantum-mechanical model
the subatomic model
the bohr model
4
Smaller molecules, _________, are linked together to form ________.
macromers; polymers
monomers; macromers
monomers; polymers
polymers; monomers
5
most often formed between nonmetals
covalent bonds
ionic bonds
metallic bonds
6
Two atoms that share electrons from a(n) ______ bond.
covelent
metallic
polar
ionic
7
a wieghted average of the masses of all the naturally occuring isotopes
atomic mass
atomic number
mass number
unified atomic mass unit
8
the energy needed to start a chemical reaction
endothermic
activation energy
exothermic
catalyst
9
Hydrocarbons are compounds made of carbon and ______.
either hydrogen, oxygen, or a halogen
oxygen
water
hydrogen
10
How is a subsituted hydrocarbon different from a hydrocarbon?
It has a different arragnment of the same number of hydrgen atoms
It has at least one double or triple bond with a carbon atom.
It has a different atom or group of atoms in place of a carbon
It has a different atom or group of atoms in place of a hydrogen
11
Physical science is the study of
human societies and relationships
nonliving matter and energy
life
the earth, it’s oceans, and the atmosphere
12
the loss of electrons during a chemical reaction
reduction
inhibitor
oxidation
reaction rate
13
Which of the following represents an alpha particle?
00Y
42 He
0-1 e
21 H
14
How does a catalyst increas a reaction rate?
by lowering the surface area
by lowering the activation energy
by increasing the concentration of the reactants
by increasing the number of collisions
15
the speed of a chemical reaction
reduction
reaction rate
inhibitor
oxidation
16
NH
4
CI ------> NH
3
+ HCI
synthisis reaction
single-replacment
double-replacment
reversible reaction
17
How many valence electrons does silicon (Group 14) have?
14
7
6
4
18
Which of the following statements is true regarding the current definition of organic compounds?
every organic compound is produced by living organisms
organic compounds contain the vital force.
organic compounds contain carbon
Every compound that contains carbon is an organic compound
19
between atoms with very different electronegativities
covelant bond
ionic bond
matallic bond
20
length
kilogram
meter
mole
second
21
light intensity
meter
kelvin
candela
second
22
F= ma is an example of which category of scientific models?
heliocentric
law
hypothesis
theory
23
The Bohr model suggests that electrons move
in a flat ring around a massive , positively charged center.
randomly about the nucleus
only in distinct , spherical orbits at fixed distances from the nucleus.
24
What kind of reaction is N
2
+3H
2
----> 2NH
3
single-replacment
synthesis
double-replacment
decomposistion
25
Radioactive decay occurs when a nucleus emits ________.
both A nor B
either A or B
particles
energy
26
temperature
candela
meter
kelvin
second
27
What is a model?
an orderly approach used to investigate the world
a workable explanation or description of a phenomenon
an experiment designed to answer a specific question
a complete understanding of a phenomenon that never changes
28
Which of the following equations is
not
a balanced chemical equation?
Mg + 2HCI ----> MgCI2 + H2
All of the above are balanced chemical equations
HCI + NaOH ----> NaCI + H2O
2AI + 3O2 -------> AI2O3
29
How many atoms are rpresented by the chemical formula CuSO
4
seven
six
three
three
30
How many moles of hydrogen gas are needed for the following reaction: N
2
3H
2
----> 2NH
2
three
6
2
1
31
describe a chemical reaction that releases more energy than it absorbs
exothermic
endothermic
activation energy
catalyst
32
The properties of water are differnet from the properties of hydrogen and oxygen because
chemical bonding changes the properties.
they consist of different elements.
hydrogen and oxygen are a gas, and water cannot be a gas.
water is pure nonreactive element.
33
the gaining of electrons during a chemical reaction
inhibitor
oxidation
reaction rate
reduction
34
Elements in the same______ on the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons.
period
row
column
column and row
35
What is a mole?
a equation
a ratio
a quanity
a mass
36
time
mole
second
meter
second
37
resoulting in molecule
matallic bonds
covalent bonds
ionic bonds
38
Which of the following represents a carbonly group?
C-O
O-H
O=H
C=O
39
C
2
N
2
+ 2O
2
-----> 2CO
2
+ N
2
reversible reaction
synthesis reaction
single-replacment reaction
double-replacement reaction
40
Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that deals with________
matter and energy at atomic and subatomic levels
laws of motion
classical physics
gravitational force and magnetic fields
41
describes a chemical reaction whose products contain more stroed energy that its reactants
activation energy
endothermic
exothermic
catalyst
42
What kind of reaction is HCI + KOH ---> H
2
O + KCI
single-replacment
decomposition
double-replacment
synethesis
43
Mr. Mac is the best teacher everrrr!!! We are so sad he is leaving, and just wish him the best but will miss him tons!!
False
True
44
Which of the following has the largest atomic radius?
argon
cesium
sodium
radon
45
CaCO
2
------> CaO + CO
2
single-replacement reaction
decomposition reaction
reversible reaction
synthesis reaction
46
between oppositely charged ions
metallic bond
ionic bond
covalent bond
47
Splitting a nuclues into a smaller nuclei by bombardment with a high-energy particle is an example of ________.
bothe D and C
fission
fusion
a chain reaction
48
Covelant bonding forms __, While ionic bonding forms______.
molecules; crystals
single bonds; double or triple bonds
diatomic molecules; Lewis structures
polar molecules; nonpolar molecules
49
Which subsituted hydrocarbons are often used as detergents or fuel additives?
ketones
alkyl halides
aldehydes
alcohols
50
Which of the following represents a sodium atom that has lost an electon?
Na-
Na+
22NA
22Na
51
Which of the following types of radioactive decay does
not
result in a different element?
alpha decay
all the above result in a different element.
gamma decay
beta decay
52
resulting in a sea of shared electrons
metallic bonds
covalent bonds
ionic bonds
53
the total number of particles found in the nuclues of a given element
unified atomic mass unit
atomic number
mass number
atomic mass
54
Which of the following is a balanced equation?
KI + CI2 --------> 2KCI + I2
N2 + O2 -----> 2N2O
All of the above are balanced chemical equations.
2Al+3NiBr2 ------> 2AlBr3 + 3Ni
55
mass
kelvin
mole
ampere
kilogram
56
An initial, testable explanation of a phenomenon that guides a scientific investigation is a _________
law
model
hypothesis
theory
57
In an ionic bond between an alkali metal atom and a nonmtal atom, the anion is _______
the nonmetal atom
the alkali
niether A nor B
both A and B
58
resulting from two atoms sharing electrons
metallic bonds
covalent bonds
ionic bonds
59
N
2
+ 2O
2
-----> 2NO
2
double-replacment reaction
decomposition reaction
synthisis reaction
reversible reaction
60
Which of the following best describes metallic bonds?
two metal atoms sharing electons in order to become stable
two metals with opposite electrical charges attracting each other
metal molecules having an unequal distrbution of electric charge
metal atoms attracting their sea of shared electons
61
Which of the following decreases the rate of a reaction?
a catalyst
a reduction
an enzyme
an inhibitor
62
between two elements such as transition metals with similar low electronegativities
covalent bonds
metallic bonds
ionic bonds
63
one-twelth the mass of a carbon-12 atom
atomic mass
unified atomic mass unit
atomic number
mass number
64
Why does diatomic mitrogen form triple bonds?
Nitrogen has a high electronegativity
Nitrogen is part of the Hydrogen Seven
diatomic nitrogen is a polar molecule
Nitrogen needs three additional electons to complete its octect
65
represented by the letter u
atomic mass
mass number
unified atomic mass unit
atomic number
66
Which atom is most likley to take valence electrons in ionic bonding?
an atom found in diatomic molecules
an atom with high electronegativity
an atom with low electronegativity
an atom found in polar molecules
67
shows the rate of a reaction
reduction
reaction rate
inhibitor
oxidation
68
Which group of subsituted hydrocarbons results from a double-bonded oxygen atom replacing two hydrogen atoms
aldehydes
alcohols
ketones
alkyl halides
69
Which group of subsituted hydrocarbons has a hydroxyl group?
aldehydes
alcohols
ketones
alkyl halides
70
How much of a 30 sample of a radioactive isotope will remian after two half-lives?
15 g
26.25 g
7.5 g
3.2 g
71
What kind of reaction is C
2
N
2
+ 2O
2
------> 2CO
2
+ N
2
synethsis
double-replacment
decomposition
single-replacment
72
What is the nucleic acid responsible for directing the reproduction and growth of all cells?
RNA
DNA
amino acids
fatty acids
73
Identify the correctly balanced chemical equation for the following word equation: Magnesium metal burn
2Mg + O2 -------> 2MgO
2Mg + O ---> 2MgO
74
Which of the following affects the size of an elements atomic radius?
the number of energy levels
both A and B
additional protons
niether A and B
75
Which of the folowing has the greatest electronegativity?
rubidium
beryllium
iodine
fluorine
76
Which subsituted hydrocarbons might have a bromine atom in place of a hydrogen atom?
alcohols
aldehydes
ketones
alkyl halides
77
What type of radioactive decay does this equation represent?
222
87
Fr --->
222
88
Ra +
0
-1
e
beta decay
gamma decay
delta decay
alpha dacay
78
electric current
ampere
candela
mole
second
79
What holds protons and nuetrons together inside atomic nuclei?
the weak force
gravitational pull
the electromagnetic force
the stong force
80
A key feature of a single-replacment reaction is that
both reactants and products include an elment and a compound
a single reactant becomes two or more products.
two or more reactants became a single product.
two compounds swap ions, producing two new compounds.
81
The octect rule states that atoms are generally most stable when
eight atoms form a ring-shaped molecules.
they lose all their valence electrons.
they have eight electrons in their valence energy level.
they combine with other elements to form compounds.
82
The modern periodic table has ______ periods and ________ groups.
seven; eighteen
eighteen; seven
eight; three
thre; eight
83
Which of the following activities is central to scientific inquiry?
observations
analysis
communication
experimentation
84
Organic compounds were originally defined as compounds that
contain carbon
are made by living organisms that contain the "vital force"
are grown without the use of pesticides and fertilizers.
can be used as a medicine, fuel, or dye.
85
Which of the following describes a beta particle?
a helium -4 nuclues
a high-energy photon
a high-energy proton
a high-energy electron
86
Saturated hydrocarbons have _____.
niether A nor B
either A or B
at least one mulitple bond
only single bonds
87
Why is there less matter after a fusion reaction than before?
some of the matter is destroyed
none of the above are correct
some of the matter is burned up by the extreme temps.
some of the matter is converted into energy
88
Which type of radioactive decay has the ability to penetrate sheets of aluminum?
all the above
alpha decay
beta decay
gamma decay
89
amount of a substance
meter
ampere
candela
mole
90
lowers the activation energy needed for a chemical reaction
endothermic
activation energy
exothermic
catalyst
91
Which of the following have monomers consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base?
lipids
lipids
carbohydrates
nucleic acids
92
HCI + KOH ------> H
2
O + KCI
synthesis reaction
decomposistion reaction
single-replacment reaction
double-replacment reaction
93
the number of protons found in the nuclues of a given element
mass number
unified atomic mass unit
atomic mass
atomic number
