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Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
recall
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
retroactive memory
episodic memory
2
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are located in the center of the retina
respond more quickly to colors
3
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
medulla oblongata
corpus callosum
hippocampus
prefrontal cortex
4
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
5
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
a theory
self-serving bias
overconfidence
6
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
biological
trait
psychoanalytic
humanistic
7
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
stepping
Moro
rooting
Babinski
8
What is the purpose of the DSM
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
9
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
internal
situational
external
fundamental
10
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
absolute threshold
difference threshold
bottom up processing
signal detection theory
11
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
unconditional positive regard
secondary central dispositions
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
12
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that language is a uniquely human skill
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that primates can make and use tools
the importance of physical contact to development
13
the somatic nervous system is part of the
autonomic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
central nervous system
14
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
predictive validity
content validity
test-retest reliability
split-half reliability
15
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
16
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
assimilation
attachment
motor development
parenting style
17
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
secondary
primary
continuous
partial
18
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
19
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the Oedipus complex
an external locus of control
unconditional positive regard
the self-serving bias
20
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
phonemes and morphemes
language acquisition device
linguistic relativity hypothesis
serial position effect
21
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
trait theory
social cognitive theroy
psychodynamic theory
biological theory
22
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
behavior shaping
token economy
higher-order conditioning
law of effect
23
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
William James
Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
24
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
dissociative identity disorder
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
25
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
social facilitation theory
Schachter two-factor theory
James-Lange theory
opponent process theory
26
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
eat a meal
make new friends
go for a run
pursue a romantic interest
27
which structure is part of the inner ear
tympanic membrane
auditory canal
malleus (hammer)
basilar membrane
28
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
masculine/feminine personality traits
hormones released in the womb
parenting style
traumatic childhood experiences
29
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
phallic stage
anal stage
oral stage
latency period
30
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
cerebellum
amygdala
hypothalamus
medulla
31
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
at what age can children reason abstractly
32
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
counterconditioning
observational learning
latent learning
insight learning
33
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
instrumental learning
observational learning
34
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
mere-exposure effect
central route persuasion
deindividuation
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
35
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
humanistic
biological
evolutionary
psychodynamic
36
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
environmental factors that influence intelligence
37
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
habituation
assimilation
discrimination
accommodation
38
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
cognitive dissonance
self-serving bias
39
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
group polarization
deindividuation
groupthink
social facilitation
40
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
latent learning
the law of effect
the overjustification effect
social learning theory
41
the limbic system plays an important role in
planning for the future
regulating emotion
maintaining balance
processing sensory information
42
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
43
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
rational emotive behavior therapy
counterconditioning
44
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and high control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and low control
45
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
mental retardation
Down syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
fetal alcohol syndrome
46
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a probability of chance less than 5%
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a mean that is the same as the median
47
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the serial position effect
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the rate at which people forget information
the reconstructive nature of memory
48
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
learned responses; physiological reactions
49
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
binocular and monocular cues
proximity and similarity
top-down and bottom-up processing
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
50
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
grapheme
morpheme
phoneme
holobase
51
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
52
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
53
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
range
median
mean
standard deviation
54
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
fovea
optic nerve
optic chiasm
feature detectors
55
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
hemispheric lateralization
neuroplasticity
effective psychological environment
contralateral control
56
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
interference with memory tasks
heightened manifest dream content
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
sleep apnea and night terrors
57
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
substance abuse and dependence
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
inappropriate or flat affect
disconnection from reality and delusions
58
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
client-centered therapy
token economies
systematic desensitization
REBT
59
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
displacement
sublimation
reaction formation
projection
60
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
disinhibition
conformity
social facilitation
social roles
61
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
somatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
endocrine system
serotonin system
62
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
representative assignment
random sampling
assignment to conditions
63
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
specific changes in the brain
64
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
environment
family
culture
temperament
65
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
detecting absolute threshold
sound localization
hearing high frequencies
sensory adaptation
66
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they involve more research participants than other studies
67
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
have been exposed to good, moral role models
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
believe in God
be able to take another person's perspective
68
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
experiment
naturalistic observation
correlation study
case study
69
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
situational
dispositional
social
behavioral
70
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
traits, the environment, and behavior
id, ego, and superego
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
71
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
terminal button
synaptic cleft
neurotransmiters
myelin
72
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
dissociative identity disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
schizophrenia
antisocial personality disorder
73
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
hearing
balance
sight
touch
74
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
long-term potentiation
state-dependent memory
proactive interference
semantic encoding
75
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
solving a logic problem
moving her left hand
speaking aloud
understanding what was said to her
76
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
closure
retinal disparity
convergence
linear perspective
77
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
longitudinal study
cross-sectional study
social-cognitive study
developmental study
78
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
positive psychology
psychometrics
health psychology
social psychology
79
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
four legs and a seat
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
a desk and/or table
pens, pencils, and a computer
80
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
modeling
mirror neurons
latent learning
sublimation
81
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
alpha waves
sleep spindles
beta waves
delta waves
82
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
late 40s
early 20s
puberty
mid 30s
83
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
generalized anxiety disorder
major depressive disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
84
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
adrenaline
dopamine
acetylcholine
85
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reduce : stereotypes
ignore : adaptation
assimilate : accomodate
reward : punishment
86
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
daily activities
personalities
circadian rhythm
87
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
L-Dopa
benzodiazepines
SSRIs
lithium
88
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed ratio
variable interval
fixed variable
continuous
89
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
behavioral
pharmacological
structuralist
cognitive
90
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
reciprocity norm
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
out-group homogeneity
91
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
his research wasn't representative of the population
92
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
behavioral
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
cognitive
93
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
optic nerve
rods
cornea
cones
94
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : punish
remove : decrease
remove : increase
add : decrease
95
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
nausea and food or drink
punishment and aversion
movement and electrical shocks
performing a task and receiving food
96
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
68
95
84
50
97
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
autism
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
major depressive disorder
98
Which is most closely associated with creativity
functional fixedness
contextual intelligence
divergent thinking
hypothesis testing
99
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
100
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
say a sentence
write with a pencil
clap their hands
cut with a knife
101
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
well below the average of 200
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
slightly above average
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
102
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
amplitude of the wave
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
pitch of the tone
103
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
104
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
genetics and nutrition
unconscious conflicts
parenting styles
secondary drives and needs
105
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
gender schema theory
linguistic relativity hypothesis
the social role hypothesis
principle of continuity
106
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
sensory cortex
medulla
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
107
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
pons
hypothalamus
108
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Yerkes-Dodson law
James-Lange theory of emotion
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
109
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
presence of an authority figure
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
placebo effect
110
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Gage's area
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
111
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
outliers
normally distributed
modes
112
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
self-serving bias
compliance strategies
individualism
in-group bias
113
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
114
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
dissociation
activation-synthesis
antagonists
tolerance
115
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
sociocultural psychologist
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
personality psychologist
116
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
inattentional blindness
representativeness heuristic
confirmation bias
framing effects
117
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
intrinsic motivation
extrinsic motivation
primary drives
need for achievement
118
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
responding to deindividuation among group members
increasing group polarization within different groups
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
119
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
inferiority complexes
repressed memories
functional fixedness
archetypes
120
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
an extraverted personality
a strong superego
high self-efficacy
low self-esteem
121
which is an example of an implicit memory
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recognizing a celebrity
122
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
unconditioned response
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
123
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
negative reinforcement
modeling
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
124
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
PET
MRI
EEG
rTMS
125
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
psychodynamic
evolutionary
humanistic
cognitive
126
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
aptitude test
IQ test
achievement test
EQ test
127
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
128
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
conservation
universal ethical principles
attachment
object permanence
129
light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
blind spot
retina
iris
130
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
risk of psychological harm
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
131
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
double blind study
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
single blind study
132
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
conscientiousness
neuroticism
openness
extraversion
133
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
134
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
psychoanalytic
humanistic
trait
cognitive
135
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
achieving physiological homeostasis
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
136
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
absolute threshold
frequency theory
sensory adaptation
difference threshold
137
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unfulfilled needs
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
neurochemical imbalances
138
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
standardized
achievement
triarchic