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Duplicate of APWH Modern Unit 3 and 4 Review (1450-1750) II Flashcards | StudBud
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Duplicate of APWH Modern Unit 3 and 4 Review (1450-1750) II
Duplicate of APWH Modern Unit 3 and 4 Review (1450-1750) II
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1
The BEST explanation for Europe's ability to make breakthroughs in navigation technologies would be that...
Marco Polo's book had everything Europeans needed to travel Silk Roads.
all navigation technologies were invented independently in Europe.
they came to them as a result of the Columbian Exchange.
technologies from other civilizations were diffused & improved upon.
2
This cross from mid-16th century central Mexico would have been carved in the context of
Aztec empire building through an alliance of the "3 tribes."
The development of early Aztec culture and mythology.
Edicts by the Pope which attempted to ban local religions.
Aztecs trying to preserve culture despite Spanish conquest.
3
Sikhism is a good example of a syncretic religion that developed in this time period. What religions were combined?
Christianity and Judaism
Islam and Confucianism
Hinduism and Buddhism
Hinduism and Islam
4
Which region
DID NOT
contribute navigation technologies that 15th century Europeans relied on?
South Asia
East Asia
The Americas
Middle East
5
In setting "transoceanic interconnections" in motion, Portugal's primary motivation before 1450 was
To establish new bases on the land-based silk routes
To find a mythical African Christian King named Prestor John
To get direct access to the lucrative Indian Ocean trade network
To get African slaves to work on Brazilian sugar plantations
6
In Istanbul, Turkey. Mosque for SUNNI Islam. Built for Sultan Süleyman. Also a MAUSOLEUM for tombs of Sultans.
Ottoman Empire
Safavid Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
Mughal Empire
7
Aztecs demanded goods from neighboring civilizations
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Generated Revenue through trade
Created Tribute collection systems
Developed military professionals.
8
East Asia. Took power from Ming who took over after Yuan. Confucianism. Security motivated their move into Central Asia.
D) Ottoman Empire
C) Safavid Empire
A) Qing Empire
B) Mughal Empire
9
China's process of charging European merchants in silver coins
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Created Tribute collection systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Generated Revenue through trade
Developed military professionals.
10
What was
NOT
a reason for Unit 4 European maritime exploration and empire building?
European monarchs competed with rivals to gain status & wealth.
Europe wanted to diffuse Christianity to new territories & peoples.
Europe wanted to rely on the Ottoman Empire for its trade.
Europe wanted more luxury products like spices, silk, porcelain, etc.
11
How did the Unit 4 European Empires MOST differ from earlier land-based empires of Units 1, 2, & 3?
Merchants were involved for the first time in these empires.
They were the first to try to culturally convert people.
They were built by maritime conquest of regions oceans away
They were the first to transmit diseases between regions.
12
This system of early state-sponsored Spanish colonization that relied on coerced Native labor was called
chattel slavery
encomienda
mit'a
indentured servitude
13
The empire from Unit 3 that
MOST
threatened European culture & economy, spurring Portugal et al to explore, was
the Safavids
the Mughals
the Ottomans
the Manchu Qing
14
Farmers who had to pay a landowner in the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Developed military professionals.
Created taxation systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Generated Revenue through trade
15
Which of the following
WAS NOT
part of the Columbian Exchange?
African religious and food culture came to the Americas
Eurasian animals were transported and raised in Americas
Food of the Americas was transported and grown in Eurasia
Smallpox from the Americas widely infected Europeans
16
This image of Lisbon, Portugal in the 17th Century could be used by a historian to prove...
navigation & innovations in ship designs were critical to maritime empires
empires used monumental architecture to reinforce their rule
maritime empires created a new economic elite who'd made $ from trade
just like land-based empires, maritime empires used guns & cannons
17
After its victory in conquering all of South Asia, what best describes the Mughal Empire?
It was mostly Muslim with a Hindu minority.
It had a small Muslim minority governing over a large Hindu majority.
It was dominated by a new religion called Sikhism.
It was split roughly 50-50 between Buddhists and Hindus.
18
This map of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade could
BEST
be used to demonstrate that
The Ottoman Empire never used African slaves
East Africa was the main source for slaves to the Americas
Europeans were invading Africa to capture slaves
Brazil & the Caribbean were major African slave destinations
19
The Spanish discovered that they could get Asian luxury products in exchange for the
SILVER
they were mining in
South & Southeast Asia
Andean South America
The Caribbean & Brazil
West and Central Africa
20
What is a TRUE social cause of Latin American 'Castas'?
Women increasingly asserting their desire for suffrage.
European men married Native or African women, creating mixed families
The Spanish crown wanted to give equal rights to Natives and Africans.
Whole families fled religious violence in Europe to create settler colonies
21
Which region(s) supplied the most
COTTON, SPICES, & SILK
to the world market circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
West and Central Africa
The Caribbean & Brazil
Andean South America
South & Southeast Asia
22
Before 1450, this empire ruled the largest land-based empire in history & "set the stage" for most Eurasian Empires.
Han Dynasty
Mongol Empire
Roman Empire
Egyptian Empire
23
"Port factories" for foreign merchants in Tokugawa Japan
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Created Tribute collection systems
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Generated Revenue through trade
24
"The Janissaries" of the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Generated Revenue through trade
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Created Tribute collection systems
Developed military professionals.
25
All of the following statements are true. Which one could you prove with the
CULTURAL
evidence from the Casta painting?
Maritime empires used syncretic religions to legitimize their rule.
Eurasian & American foods mixed in the 'Columbian Exchange.'
Local bureaucratic elites were recruited to maintain imperial control.
Taxation, trade, and coerced labor provided revenue for imperial expansion.
26
What was the Mughal Empire's policy toward different religions for most of its history (up to Emperor Aurangzeb).
Rulers were converted to Buddhist traditions.
Rulers tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
Rulers converted to a new religion: Sikhism
Rulers were religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
27
Guru Nanak founded the Sikh religion in which region?
Russia
Middle East
China
South Asia
28
This image shows 6 years in the nearly 400 year Atlantic slave trade. What was
NOT
an effect of this trade?
Diseases spread because of the deplorable condition of slave ships.
Fossil fuel burning increased to power steam engines for labor.
The coerced labor of slaves on plantations enriched imperial economies.
African crops like okra, yams, & rice were diffused to the Americas.
29
What was a SECURITY reason for the expansion of the Russian Empire to the south and east?
It wanted to control sea trade in the Indian ocean.
It wanted to stop pastoralist and Muslim expansion.
It wanted to spread Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
It wanted to take advantage of the rich trade in fur.
30
All of the following are true of the British E.I.C. and the Dutch V.O.C. between 1450-1750
EXCEPT
:
Both companies were a mixture of state & private investments.
The E.I.C. conquered the Mughals, but the V.O.C. lost Southeast Asian wars.
V.O.C. "fluyts" carried more cargo making them more profitable than E.I.C.
The E.I.C. focused on cotton trade while the V.O.C. focused on spice trade.
31
All of the following are true of Christopher Columbus' 4 voyages
EXCEPT
:
His mission to reach India succeeded so he established trading posts there.
His ships were a new design known as a "caravel".
His voyages made Europeans interested in exploring beyond Afro-Eurasia.
His Spanish state-sponsored voyage created the 2nd maritime empire.
32
Why did the vast majority of Latin America become Catholic after 1492?
Chinese explorer Zheng He had spread it on his voyages there
Spanish & Portuguese priests were aided by imperial rule
Merchant traders encouraged it to ease trade
Martin Luther made a trip there to convert people
33
What happened as a result of this transition in Chinese dynasties?
Japanese "Ming" warriors conquered all of China.
The Korean "Ming" asserted their power & took over China
The Mongols changed their name from "Yuan" to "Ming".
End of Mongol Empire led to takeover by classically Chinese dynasty.
34
Which is an accurate definition of the Columbian Exchange?
The exchange of new plants, animals, & diseases between hemispheres.
The tribute relations that existed between Indian Ocean trading nations.
The agreement between Columbus & Spain to explore a route to India.
The deal made between Portugal and Spain to divide world in half.
35
Middle East. Persia. Shia Islam. Went to war with Ottomans. Ruled by a "Shah."
C) Safavid Empire
B) Mughal Empire
A) Qing Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
36
The Ming's most famous Emperor was Yongle. What were his policies in the theme of POLITICS?
He sent a large fleet of ships led by Admiral Zheng He to the Indian Ocean.
He started civil service examinations to combat bureaucratic corruption.
He rebuilt canals, bridges, & irrigation destroyed by the Mongols.
He had scholars do an 11 volume encylopedia of classical Chinese learning.
37
Qing Dynasty defeated Ming Dynasty. What new military tech. helped them MOST both in that war and against pastoralists?
Horse saddles & stirrups
Infantry with shields and swords
Bows and arrows
Gunpowder, guns, & cannons
38
Which is the correct order of classes in the casta system? (from top to bottom)
Peninsulare, Creole,Mestizo,Indio, Negro
Peninsulare, Mesitzo,Creole, Negro, Indio
Indio, Creole, Peninsulare, Negro, Mestizo
Creole, Mestizo, Peninsulare, Negro, Indio
39
These portraits of Emperors show how land-based imperial authorities used their__________ to legitimize their rule.
Economic powers
Social powers
Technological powers
Cultural religious powers
40
Which transfer between hemispheres would have been
MOST
responsible for the demographic trend you see after 1500 C.E.?
Chilies, cacao, & tobacco from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Sugar, bananas, & coffee from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
Horses, cattle, & pigs from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
Maize (corn), potatoes, & beans from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
41
For the Ottomans, "Devshirme" was a system that
Abolished slavery within the empire.
Took Christian children as tributes for the army.
Forced all people in their empire to become Muslim.
Killed people as sacrifices to their gods.
42
These two images provide evidence that after the Spanish conquest of Mesoamerica...
The Mayan religion was identical to European Christianity.
Spanish settlers were able to totally convert all Mayans.
Mayans remained totally isolated from Spanish conquest.
Mayans preserved & blended their culture into Christianity.
43
Our Lady of Guadalupe (1746)
MOSTLY
reflects a syncretic blending of
Native American and African cultures
Protestant and Catholic Christianity
Catholic Christianity and Native American culture
Christianity and Islam
44
Below is a scene from the 30 year's war after the Reformation. This war involved fights between
Protestants vs. Catholics
Sunni vs. Shia
Hindus vs. Muslims
Philosophes vs. Absolute Monarchs
45
All of the following are true, but what was a
POLITICAL
effect of the Reformation?
Peasants admired Luther's message of Christian equality.
Luther's emphasis on reading encouraged literacy.
New Christian churches emerged: Lutherans, Anglicans, etc.
Kings & rulers used the protest to increase their power.
46
All of the following are true of the effects of the slave trade IN Africa. Which was a
SOCIAL
consequence?
More men were taken as slaves causing imbalances in gender and families.
Some states increased in power because they profited from the trade.
The population of Africa stagnated even as Eurasia's rapidly grew.
Missionaries brought Christianity into Western and Central Africa.
47
What was the
ECONOMIC EFFECT
of Europe's presence in Asia during this era?
Europe's manufactured goods became highly in demand by Asian consumers
Europe's "trading posts" prospered by using silver to trade for luxuries.
Europe completely dominated all Asian markets
Europe dominated Japan's markets, but was shutout of China
48
Which breakthrough of the Scientific Revolution most challenged traditional religious views?
The study of astronomy & the place of the sun in the solar system
The study of mechanics that led to breakthroughs in machinery
The study of mathematics that led to ideas of probability, binomials, & -#s
The study of the anatomy of the human body
49
What is the best explanation for the demographic trend you see in this chart?
There were a large number of migrants from Iberia to Mesoamerica.
Smallpox, measles, & malaria killed 90% of Mesoamerican peoples.
European guns & cannons killed many Mesoamericans.
Mesoamerican chinampas were replaced with European field agriculture.
50
M.East/N.Africa/Europe. Turks. Sunni Islam. Beat old Byzantine Empire. Fought Shia Muslims. Ruled by a "Sultan".
B) Mughal Empire
C) Safavid Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
A) Qing Empire
51
The expansion of empires led to conflict with each other. What was TRUE about the cultural reasons these two fought?
The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims while the Safavids were Shia Muslims.
One was a Muslim Empire while the other was a Hindu Empire.
They were fighting over who built the best monumental architecture.
They were fighting about Christianity: Catholics vs. Eastern Orthodox.
52
All of the images below deal
MOSTLY
with which time period in European history?
The Artistic Renaissance
The Scientific Revolution
The Enlightenment
The Age of Exploration
53
What's the
MOST
likely reason this painting was commissioned (paid for) by Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent?
To glorify Sunni Islam.
To export to Europe as a luxury product.
To glorify Turkish values & rulership of the Sultan.
To explain Islamic science & technology.
54
Which region(s) supplied the most
SUGAR
to feed the 'sweet tooth' of the world circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
The Caribbean & Brazil
Andean South America
West and Central Africa
South & Southeast Asia
55
Why was Spain's sponsorship of Ferdinand Magellan's voyage in 1519 historically SIGNIFICANT?
It was the first exchange of plants and animals between hemispheres.
It was the first circumnavigation of the entire world.
It was the first time a European state sponsored a transoceanic voyage.
It was the first time Europeans reached the Western Hemisphere.
56
SLAVES
forcibly taken to work on the plantations of the maritime empires came mostly from
West and Central Africa
Andean South America
South & Southeast Asia
The Caribbean & Brazil
57
What's the best definition of "Mercantilism"?
An economic system that equally distributed the profits of merchant trade.
An economic system of simple barter in basic commodities between merchants.
An economic system controlling merchants for the benefit of the state.
An economic system where governments promote free trade between merchants.
58
Throughout the Americas, policies of the European empires were resisted by
maroon societies
. What were these?
Native Americans resisting land confiscation.
Protestants & Catholics resisting religious laws.
Merchants resisting state tariffs (taxes) on trade.
Africans resisting slavery by running away & fighting for freedom.
59
Which of the following environmental innovations was UNIQUE to the challenges of sailing in the
Indian Ocean
?
Creating ways that lateen sails could move with square sails.
Learning about magnetic poles & latitude to create the astrolabe & compass
An understanding of seasonal monsoon wind patterns
Applying paper technology to maritime maps
60
Economically, what drove rivalries between the major states of Eurasia between 1450-1750?
Conflict both within Christianity & between Christians with other faiths.
The challenge to authority by local elites.
Competition over trade routes & resource rich territories around the world.
Disputes about the legitimacy of dynastic rule.
61
All of the following were parts of Martin Luther's arguments against the Catholic Church
EXCEPT
He argued the Bible should be translated to local languages.
He argued against the sale of indulgences.
He argued that doing good works was more important than faith.
He argued that all Catholic customs should be questioned.
62
The "casta system" was
an economic system.
a racially based social hierarchy.
a Latin American card game.
a type of imperial bureaucracy.
63
Compared to other land-based empires, Japanese expansion between 1450-1750 relied MOSTLY on__________
Spreading their culture to foreign lands.
The imposition of their feudal system on others.
Direct military conflict with foreign empires.
Emigration and overseas economic trade.
64
The "trading posts" of European maritime empires were most similarly comparable to which Unit 2 trade network?
Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
Exchange in the Indian Ocean
The Silk Road
Regional trade in the Americas
65
So, labor was needed on plantations, much of it forced. Which type of coerced labor had been used by the Inca Empire?
Mit'a
Encomienda System
Indentured Servitude
Chattel Slavery
66
Portugal was the 1st to create a "transoceanic interconnection" of
trading posts
between the
Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean
67
What was a unique innovation of The Netherlands and England to unit 4 economics?
mercantilist joint-stock companies.
silver-backed currencies.
colonies in the Americas.
caravels using lateen sails.
68
Located in Agra, India. It is a "MAUSOLEUM". Shah Jahan ordered it built for the tomb of his favorite wife Mumtaz.
Safavid Empire
Mughal Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
Ottoman Empire
69
South Asia. Sunni Muslims ruling over a majority Hindu population. Were religiously tolerant until Emperor Aurangzeb.
D) Ottoman Empire
C) Safavid Empire
B) Mughal Empire
A) Qing Empire
70
In Isfahan, Iran. A mosque for SHIA Islam. Built by Shah Abbas in new capital city, it was the Royal Mosque.
Safavid Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
Mughal Empire
Ottoman Empire
71
If you wanted to add arrows on the map to show "Triangular Trade", they'd show
European cash crops to Americas & African goods to Europe
African cash crops to Europe & Americas silver to Asia.
European goods to Africa & Americas crops to Europe
Americas goods to Africa & African slaves to Europe
72
The first voyages of BOTH Spain and England to the Americas were motivated MOST by a
desire to find a new route to trade with Asia for luxury products.
need to find new fishing grounds to feed growing populations.
competitive urge to establish settler colonies.
missionary impulse to spread either Catholic or Protestant Christianity.
73
How did Emperor Aurangzeb change the Mughal Empire's religious policies?
He was religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
He tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
He converted to a new religion: Sikhism
He converted to Buddhist traditions.
74
All of these civilizations participated in Unit 2 Trans-Saharan trade. How did their trade
CHANGE
in 1450-1750?
They reduced their reliance on trade in favor of domestic production.
They traded salt and gold north and east into the Mediterranean system.
They captured slaves for Atlantic export in exchange for European goods.
They used slaves for domestic household and agricultural tasks.
75
In Moscow. Built by Tsar Ivan the IV ('the terrible') for the Christian Eastern Orthodox Church.
Russian Empire
Spanish Empire
French Empire
German Empire
76
The
SANTERIA
religion of CUBA (in the Caribbean) would have been a blend of all of these cultures
EXCEPT
East Asian Buddhism
Native American Animism
African Yoruba Shamanism
Spanish Catholicism
77
Which of the following BEST describes the symbolism of this portrait of Mughal Emperor Jahangir?
It shows the scientific advances of the Mughal Empire.
It shows his devotion to Islam, the religion of Mughal rulers.
It shows the economic dominance of the Indian Ocean Trade
It shows the growing power of the Empire, justified by religion.
78
"Civil Service Examinations" of the Qing Dynasty
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Created Tribute collection systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue through trade
79
"The Cossacks" of the Russian Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
Created Tribute collection systems
Generated Revenue through trade
