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REL 1340-41 Spring 2022 Exam 1 Flashcards | StudBud
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REL 1340-41 Spring 2022 Exam 1
REL 1340-41 Spring 2022 Exam 1
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1
The Council of Chalcedon addressed the Nestorian controversy by defining the Incarnate Christ as what?
Two persons in two natures
Three persons in one nature
One person in two natures
Two persons in one nature
2
What does theotokos mean?
A name for Mary, meaning the mother of Christ
The suffering of God the Father
A name for Mary, meaning the mother of God
A different word for theology
3
Passage ID: Who wrote the following?
Justin Martyr
Pelagius
Origen of Alexandria
Ignatius of Antioch
4
Passage ID: Who wrote the following?
Epistle to Diognetus
Arius
Cyprian
Athanasius
5
What does Augustine say the Neoplatonists do not understand?
The Word’s equality with God
The non-existence of evil
The creation of everything by God
The Incarnation
6
In what incredibly influential text does Augustine retell his life and his conversion to Christianity?
A Million Little Pieces
Against Heresy
Confessions
City of God
7
For Ignatius, martyrdom brought what?
Failure
None of these answers
Only death
Life rather than death
8
In theological disputes, which of the following was not cited to support a position’s orthodoxy?
Scriptural support
A history of practice in the church
Novelty
Support from the Apostolic Fathers
9
What is the word for the spiritual disciplines of Christians?
Eschatology
Doctrine
Ecclesiology
Asceticism
10
Passage ID: Who wrote the following?
Augustine
St. Basil
Perpetua
Macrina
11
What is predestination?
The doctrine of Christology
The doctrine of the truth of Scripture
The doctrine that God determines who will be saved
The doctrine of the Trinity
12
Monarchist Trinitarian understandings began from an emphasis on what?
God's revelation in the world
The dualistic nature of the universe
God's oneness
God's threeness
13
Which of the following emperors enacted laws that led to an official state-sponsored persecution of Christians?
Nero
Diocletian
Julius Caesar
Constantine
14
Which of the following is not an aspect of the Roman Empire that played a key role in the growth of the early church?
The road network throughout the Empire
The Roman Empire’s adoption of Judaism
The sanitation technology that supported large cities
The relative peace within the Empire itself
15
Passage ID: Who wrote the following?
Origen of Alexandria
Symbol of Chalcedon
Nicene Creed
Perpetua
16
What mistranslated biblical passage played a key role in Augustine’s doctrine of predestination?
The Gospel of Thomas
Genesis 1
John 1
Romans 5:12
17
Arius’s Christology was motivated by what?
A hatred of Judaism
The desire to protect divine monotheism
His certainty that Christ was no different from all other humans
A hatred of Christianity
18
The Edict of Milan, which legalized Christianity, was issued in what century?
200-299 CE
100-199 CE
0-99 CE
300-399 CE
19
Which of the following was not an important act of Constantine?
Finalized the Christian canon of scripture
Moved the Roman capital to Byzantium/Constantinople
Reunified the Roman Empire
Legalized Christianity
20
How often do the Christian Scriptures use the word Trinity for God?
Many times
Never
Once
Seldom
21
Which of the following is not associated with Gnosticism?
An understanding of salvation as secret knowledge
A dualistic csosmology
An understanding of the material world as evil
Judaism
22
What year did the Romans destroy the second Temple in Jerusalem?
170 CE
25 CE
125 CE
70 CE
23
Which early Christian sect emphasized separation from society, strict morality, and the proximity of the end times?
The Montanists
The Cappadocians
The Essenes
The Lutherans
24
Which early Christian theologian emphasized that Christ was the same as Greek philosophy’s Logos or reason?
Justin Martyr
St. Antony
Martin Luther
Perpetua
25
Who was perhaps the most famous early Christian ascetic?
St. Basil
St. Antony
The Pope
Justin Martyr
26
Apollinarianism understood the Incarnate Christ to be what?
A divine mind in a human body
Fully human but not divine
Neither human nor divine
A human mind in a divine body
27
Which of the following theologians was a Cappadocian?
Gregory of Nyssa
Perpetua
Justin Martyr
Constantine
28
In his response to Donatism, Augustine argued which of the following?
people baptized or confirmed by apostates must be rebaptized & reconfirmed
That the church must expel all people who apostatized
efficacy of the Sacraments depends on God’s power, not the priest's purity
That salvation is human work rather than divine grace
29
What does the notion of the pre-Incarnate Christ describe?
None of these answers
That Jesus’s human soul existed before Jesus’s birth
That Jesus was adopted as God’s son because of his perfect life
That the Son existed before the Incarnation
30
Who were the Apostolic Fathers?
The generation of Christian leaders who came after the Apostles
An influential group of Jewish rabbis
The Apostles
An electronica group from Alexandria
31
What does homoousios mean?
Of one body
Of one being/nature
Of two beings/natures
Of two bodies
32
What was the most common type of persecution faced by Christians in the first 3 centuries after Christ?
There was no persecution
Local and sporadic
Christianity was always illegal in the Roman Empire
Official and widespread
33
Economic accounts of the Trinity begin with what principle?
An interest in how theology and finances are related
The acts of the three persons of the Trinity in salvation history
The idea that the three persons of the Trinity are not actually distinct
The unity of God
34
Which of the following was not one of the potential purposes of early Christian apologetics?
To associate Christianity with the best parts of Greek philosophy
To instruct converts in Christian doctrine
To defend Christianity against critics
To apologize for all the trouble Christians cause
35
Passage ID: Who wrote the following?
Justin Martyr
Gregory of Nyssa
Tertullian
Anselm
36
What does hypostasis mean?
Person or individual substance
Being or nature
Material body
All of these answers
37
What animal appears in the corny video lecture I recorded?
A cat
A parakeet
No animal
A dog
38
Theosis means what?
God’s unknowable essence
The revelation of God in the Incarnation
The process by which the Son became fully divine
A more primarily Greek understanding of salvation as becoming (like) God
39
Which of the following groups believed in adoptionism?
The Cappadocians
The Ebionites
The Nestorians
The Desert Fathers and Mothers
40
What is apophatic theology?
Theology that rejects the importance of Judaism
None of these answers
Theology that claims human reason can discover everything about God
Theology that believes we cannot know what God is but only what God is not
41
Which bishop played a key role in the resolution of the Novation controversy?
Elizabeth Bishop
Athanasius
Ignatius of Antioch
Cyprian of Carthage
42
Perpetua likens herself to what?
A pitcher
A lamp
A goddess
A lion
43
Who played a key role in bringing desert asceticism into closer relationship with the church?
Augustine
Constantine
Perpetua
Basil the Great
44
What group of Christian schismatics did Augustine oppose?
The Modalists
The Neoplatonists
The Donatists
The Manichaeans
45
Who believed that Mary should be called christotokos rather than theotokos?
Athanasius
Cyril of Alexandria
Maximus
Nestorius
46
How does the Epistle to Diognetus portray Christians?
They are superior to nonbelievers because they don’t worship idols
They are excellent and virtuous contributors to society
Their identity is not tied to their citizenship
All of these answers
47
What does theotokos mean?
A name for Mary, meaning the mother of Christ
The suffering of God the Father
A different word for theology
A name for Mary, meaning the mother of God
48
Which female ascetic was the sister of Gregory of Nyssa and St. Basil?
Mary
Macrina
Queen Elizabeth
Perpetua
49
Passage ID: Who wrote the following?
Tertullian
The Edict of Milan
The Gospel of John
Nicene Creed
50
What did Pelagius believe?
That the doctrine of the Trinity was heretical
That the Son was only a human
That humans had the capacity to do good or evil
That the material world is evil
51
Which of the following describes Manichaeism?
The belief that the material world is evil
A dualistic cosmology
All of these answers
Esotericism
52
Who played a central role in the refutation and condemnation of Pelagianism?
Cyprian
Constantine
Irenaeus
Augustine
53
Early Christians understood martyrdom as what?
None of these answers
A terrible outcome to be avoided
A preeminent way to be like Christ
A requirement of the Christian life
54
Which of the following does not translate Logos?
Reason
All of these answers are possible translations
Word
Wisdom
55
Which of the following did not significantly shape the early church and the development of Christian theology?
Paul's epistles
Judaism
Greek philosophy
The influence of high scholastic theology
56
What is adoptionism?
The belief that God adopts Christians as God’s children
The belief that Christ was adopted by Joseph and Mary
The belief that Christ was not born but became the Son of God
The belief that Christians needed to adopt Jewish practices
57
Which council coined the term homoousios?
The Council of Nicaea
The Council of Chalcedon
The Honor Council
The Council of Ephesus
58
What problem did Neoplatonism help Augustine answer?
How to read scripture
The existence of evil
What to do about his mother
The nature of the Incarnation
59
In the Greek terminology important for Trinitarian theology, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are said to be of one what?
Hypostasis or person
Sarx or flesh
Soma or body
Ousia or essence
60
What was not a motivation for the persecution of early Christians?
The fact that Christianity was illegal
The belief that they were antisocial for not worshipping the gods
Economic concerns
The belief that they were cannibals
61
Who wrote the primary text we read that defends the doctrine of the Trinity?
The Apostle Paul
Arius
Gregory of Nyssa
Justin Martyr
62
One of the perceive theological problems with modalism was that it entailed patripassianism. What does that word mean?
Three different Gods rather than a unified Trinity
That only the Father and the Son were divine, not the Spirit
The Suffering of God the Son
The suffering of God the Father
63
Which of the following is not an apophatic theological statement about God?
God is infinite
God is impassible
God is immaterial
God is Love
64
Passage ID: Who wrote the following?
Perpetua
The Symbol of Chalcedon
Harry Potter
The Life of St. Antony
65
What was not a strong motivation toward the development of Trinitarian theology?
An understanding that the Son and Spirit performed actions only God can do
A history of worshipping Christ and the Spirit as divine
Scriptural hints that the Son and the Spirit are divine
A desire to have more than one God in order to be more like the Romans
66
Which of the following describes Augustine’s understanding of humanity’s current state?
Posse non pecare
Non posse non peccare
I don't speak Latin (don't pick this answer)
Non posse pecare
67
With which heresy is Valentinus associated?
Marcionism
Gnosticism
Manichaeism
Ebionism
68
Arius believed what about the Son of God?
That he was a creature rather than the eternal God
That he was never resurrected from the dead
That he was eternal and divine
That he only seemed to be human
69
Acts 19 describes a riot against early Christians in what city?
Rome
Atlantis
Jerusalem
Ephesus
70
What word designates wrong belief about Christian doctrine?
Ignorance
Eschatology
Orthodoxy
Heresy
71
Which of the following emperors is not associated with the persecution of Christians in some way?
Diocletian
Decius
Nero
Augustus
72
Perpetua’s account of her martyrdom emphasizes what?
Christians should avoid martyrdom because God does not want them to die
That martyrdom is the worst thing that can happen to a Christian
That martyrdom is actually a victory for the Christian
That martyrdom is unjust and unfair because Christians are good people
73
For which of the following is Marcion not known
Believing that the God of the Old Testament is an evil demigod
Supporting Arius at the Council of Nicaea
Attempting to distinguish Christianity from Judaism and the Jewish God
Constructing his own canon of Christian Scripture
74
Who says to Christ “My Lord and my God” in the Gospels, offering a strong biblical attestation of the divinity of Jesus?
Mary
Thomas
Pilate
Bono
75
Which influential early Christian theologian believed in universal salvation?
Augustine
Pelagius
Cyprian
Origen of Alexandria
76
What was a central tenet of both Judaism and Christianity?
The necessity of following all of the Torah
The doctrine of the Trinity
Monotheism
Belief in Jesus as the Messiah
77
Ignatius’s “Letter to the Smyrnaeans” opposes which heresy?
Manichaeism
Docetism
Marcionism
Gnosticism
78
With whom is the phrase In hoc signo vinces (By this sign conquer) associated?
Constantine
Augustine
St. Antony
St. Paul
79
Perpetua has a vision of what before her martyrdom?
The signing of the Constitution
Fighting against the devil and demons
Christ’s crucifixion
Seeing God
80
What is apostasy?
Betraying the faith
The doctrine of the early church
The state of being an apostolic father
The belief in the afterlife
81
Who was Augustine's mother?
Perpetua
Felicitas
Macrina
Monica
82
Which church council was called by Constantine?
The Synod of Orange
The Council of Ephesus
The Council of Chalcedon
The Council of Nicaea
83
Which of the following was not a common part of the lives of the Desert Fathers and Mothers?
Fasting
Poverty
Hermetic living
Preaching in large churches
84
Passage ID: Who wrote the following?
Tertullian
Justin Martyr
Perpetua
Gregory of Nyssa
85
Passage ID: Who wrote the following?
Pelagius
Ignatius of Antioch
Augustine
Justin Martyr
86
Whose early canon of scripture did not include what has become the Old Testament?
The Pharisees
Marcion
Athanasius
The Ebionites
87
What belief defines docetism?
different members of the Trinity are different modes of Gods existence
Greek converts are required to become Jews in order to follow Christ
That the Son only seemed to (but didn’t actually) take on a human body
Jesus was only a human, not fully God
88
Passage ID: Who wrote the following?
Tertulian
Augustine
Macrina
Epistle to Diognetus
89
Who wrote a letter to Emperor Trajan asking how to deal with Christians?
Nero
Pliny
Pilate
Augustine
90
Who were the traditores?
Soldiers who left the Roman legions to become Christians
Christians who surrendered sacred writings during Diocletian's persecution
Jews who began following Greek religion
Heretics who believed in Gnosticism
91
Gregory of Nyssa reasons that we cannot know God’s _____ but we can know something about God through God’s actions.
Favorite color
Nature/essence
Creation
None of these answers
92
Augustine relates a story of stealing what in his account of his sinful youth?
Pears
Books
Three gold coins
A sheep
93
Who among the following is not an Apostolic Father?
Ignatius of Antioch
Polycarp of Smyrna
Gregory of Nyssa
Clement of Rome
94
Which of the following best describes the initial years of the Christian community?
Christianity was the official religion of the Roman Empire
Christianity was understood to be a movement within Judaism
Christianity was primarily active in the Americas
Christianity was understood in complete opposition to Judaism
95
Gregory of Nyssa praised his sister Macrina for what?
Being the first female bishop
Accumulating a lot of wealth
Transcending her gender
Being an excellent mother
96
Which bishop was a key influence in Augustine’s conversion to Christianity?
Gregory of Nyssa
Constantine
Faustus
Ambrose of Milan
97
The Novation controversy concerned what?
The canon of Scripture
The doctrine of the Trinity
Can Christians who apostatized during persecution could be in the church
The identity of Christ
98
What church council was held in 451?
The Council of Chalcedon
The Council of Nicaea
The Council of Ephesus
The Council of Jerusalem
99
What important church council in 325 addressed the question of the Son’s divinity?
The Nicene Council
The Edict of Milan
The Council of Chalcedon
The Jerusalem Council
100
The earliest church generally believed in an immanent eschatology, meaning what?
That Christ’s return would happen very soon
That Christ’s return had already happened
That Christ’s return was a fiction
That Christ’s return was a long way away
