stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
Exam 1 Review Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
Exam 1 Review
Exam 1 Review
100 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
91 plays
Fundamentals of Microbiology TWU Sp '22
Flashcards
100 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
100
Answers
1
Which of the following substances in the envelope of some bacteria can cause severe symptoms in humans?
Peptidoglycan
Lipoteichoic acids
Teichoic acid
Lipopolysaccharide
2
True or False: Viruses lack most of the characteristics of living things.
False
True
3
When providing education about the organism Escherichia coli, an RN may also appropriately abbreviate the name as _____.
Escherichia c.
Escherichia
E. coli
E.C.
4
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
ectoplasm
cell wall
hetertrophic nutrition
motility
5
Prions are the smallest infectious agent
True
False
6
the hook of the flagella...
anchors the filament & hook to cell wall
helps anchor the filament along the basal body
allows for rotation
is a long extension that extends out of the cell and into its environment
7
The best terms for viruses are alive or dead.
False
True
8
All cells have a cell wall.
False
True
9
Morphology
The form and structure of an orgainsim or one of it's parts.
Main items that comprised the center of the population
The separation from the country
Composed individuals who were not themselves engaged in agriculture
10
In the scientific method, which step directly follows the completion of experiments?
Develop a hypothesis
Develop a conclusion
Develop an initial question
Collect and analyze data
11
A saprobe can be defined as an organism that
lives off of dead or dying material
an organism that uses O2 as a final e- acceptor
can survive in a salt environment
is resistant to antibiotics
12
One distinguishing characteristic of the archaebacteria is that they live in extreme environments.
False
True
13
Clostridium
bacteria undergo sporulation when
Environmental conditions are favorable.
There is a loss of water.
Environmental conditions are unfavorable.
There is an overabundance of water.
14
Louis Pasteur is credited with the process of _____ which removes pathogens from consumable liquids.
pasteurization
immunization
disinfection
sterilization
15
Which characteristics are exhibited by all cells?
Cytoplasmic membrane, DNA and ribosomes
Organelles, Ribosomes, and Cell Wall
Cytoplasmic membrane, nucleus, and ribosomes
DNA, Cell wall, and nucleus
16
Which of the following is NOT an example of chemotaxis?
Microorganisms moving away from chemorepellants
A plant growing in the direction of sunlight
Sperm moving toward an egg after releasing chemoattractants
Macrophages move to infections that release chemical signals
17
Which of the following is not a type of viral nucleic acid?
single-strandedDNA
double-strandedDNA
double-strandedRNA
all are possible
18
10) The capsule does not immunize bacteria from phagocytosis
False
True
19
Lipids, Proteins, Metabolites, and Nucleic Acids are the four main families of biochemicals
True
False
20
mRNA is?
Mitochondrial RNA
Messenger RNA
Mitochondrial DNA
Messenger DNA
21
Microbes are ubiquitious means what?
They only survive with high salt
They're everywhere
There are sterile parts of the earth
They only survive in water
22
Why does Biofilm increase the risk of infection ?
It gives pathogens protection from the removal and disinfection
It provides nutients
Pathogens cant survive without it
23
Mycelium
Multi-cellular fungi
single celled fungi
a mass of hyphae
24
Restriction Enzymes are ?
molecular scissors that cut DNA
information about microbes that live in and on humans
molecules that regulate cell functions
techinque to make mass copies of DNA
25
Mitochondria...
are bounded by a single membrane
lack ribosomes and DNA
function in cell digestion
process energy for cells
26
The functions of cytoskeleton are ?
Storing foods
Providing cell shape; movement
Moving cell
27
Most fungal spores are formed by
Mitosis
Meiosis
The fusing of hyphae
28
Lipids include Phospholipids,which make up what part of the cell?
Golgi Apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Cell membrane
29
Which of the follow statement applies to bacteria and archaea?
cell that lacks a nucleus
contains a golgi apparatus
contains a nucleus
acellular particle
30
Which taxon is the largest of the taxonomic categories?
Order
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
31
The definition of a species is one with produce viable offspring when mated. Bacterial species are different because
they do not reproduce sexually by way of gametes
All of the statements are true
they have a short generation time and evolve rapidly
they can receive genetic material from others in their generation
32
pili are
things used for reproduction and DNA distribution
eyes for prokaryotic cells
mouths for cells
projections that help prokaryotic cells stick to things
33
Choose the most accurate description of a typical helminth lifestyle.
reproduces asexually in definitive host and sexually in intermediate host.
reproduces asexually, facultatively parasitic, can live independently
reproduces sexually and alternates between free living and parasitic stages
reproduces sexually has one or more hosts
34
Which of the following is not a human use of microorganisms?
Cleaning up oil spills
Making bread
Manufacturing copper wire
Mass producing antibiotics
35
A scientific theory is our best guess at explaining a scientific phenomenon, but a theory cannot be considered fact.
True
False
36
What is classification?
The process of grouping things based on their similarities
The process of nothing
The process of grouping things based on their differences
The process of something
37
The cytoskeleton does NOT include
Microtubules
Intermediate Filaments
Peroxisomes
Microfilaments
38
The picture below shows what bacterial shape and arrangement
diplococci
cocci
staphylococci
streptococci
39
Speed up and faciliate chemical reactions within cells?
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
40
Carbohydrates are used in the Mitochondria for Cellular Respiration. What is the product of this process?
Waxes
ATP
Pheromones
Protein
41
Small RNAs are ?
information about the microbes that live in and on humans
make mass copies of DNA for study
molecular scissors that cut DNA
molecules that appear to play critical roles in regulating cell functions
42
describe a heterotroph
primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers
all of the above
cannot produce its own food
gets nutrition from other organisms
43
Glycocalyx...
Structure found only in cell wall
Stored glucose in animal cells
Helps in cell-cell recognition
Protein in cell membrane
44
Thick layer of peptidoglycan, cell membrane, teichoic acid, and lipoteichoic acid are found in a gram+ cell envelope.
False
True
45
Lister and Semmelweis were both pioneers for what?
handwashing
spontaneous generation
pastuerization
scientific method
46
Evidence of Endosymbiosis?
Division, reproduction, and function
Transformation, Transduction, and Conjugation
DNA, ribosomes, and structure
DNA, structure, and photosynthesis
47
a. Bacteria, Helminths, Fungus, Viruses and Protozoan are all microorganisms that can colonize humans
True
False
48
Prokaryotic Flagellum
used for cell attachment
used for cell movement; rotary movement;
used to absorb nutrients
49
Which type of bacteria have a lipopolysaccharide layer?
Gram negative
Gram positive
50
Host cells of viruses include ________.
bacteria
humans and animals
All cell types
plants and fungi
51
All of the following are helminths except _____.
flukes
pinworms
trypanosomes
roundworms
52
What are the main components of the nucleus?
nuclear envelope, nucleolus, and chromosomes
nucleous, cytoskeleton, chromosomes
nuclear envelope, ribosomes, chromosomes
nucleolus, ribosomes, pores
53
Which of the following would be considered acellular microbes?
helminths & fungi
bacteria & archaea
viruses & prions
bacteria & fungi
54
Viral diseases can be..
treated with vaccines and prevented with antibiotics
prevented with antibiotics but not treated with vaccines
prevented with vaccines but not treated with antibiotics
treated with anitibiotics and prevented with vaccines
55
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
seed
trophozoite
cyst
endospore
56
What are the components of ATP?
Adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups
Adenine, ribose, and 2 phosphate groups
Adenine, ribose, and 1 phosphate group
57
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
pathogens
decomposers
fermenters
eukaryotes
58
Characteristics of fungi:
Feed by saprophytic or parasitic nutrition
Have cell walls
Have nucleus
Do not have chlorophyll
59
definition of a taxonomy?
activity of an organsims
science of naming
naming and classifying organisms
intermediate phenotype
60
Which of the following is mismatched?
Inclusions - excess cell nutrients and materials
Ribosomes - protein synthesis
Nucleoid - hereditary material
Plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism
61
Viruses are classified by?
All choices are correct
structure and chemical composition
similarities in genetic makeup
hosts and disease caused
62
Who designed several simple microscopes in the 1600s?
Leeuwenhoek
Pasteur
Hooke
Lister
63
The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium compared to the typical gram + bacterial cell wall structure is?
contain more peptidoglycan
contain lipopolysaccharide
are easily decolorized
have a predominance of unique, waxy lipids
64
All of the following are structures in bacteria except...
Plasma Membrane
Mitochondria
Flagellum
Cell Wall
65
Koch's postulates are utilized to help show that a certain microbe causes a certain disease.
False
True
66
PCR is ?
information about the microbes that live in and on humans
molecular scissors that cut DNA
technique that makes mass copies of DNA
molecules that play critical roles in cell regulation
67
Which of the following is not considered a microorganism?
Protozoan
Mosquito
Fungus
Virus
68
Which is not a way that microorganisms help our environment?
Complex relations with animals but not plants
Nutrient recycling
Biological decomposition
Carry out photosynthesis
69
Which is
not
a way we can get a helminth infection?
They're all correct
Fecal/Oral
Ingestion of eggs
Larvae penetrate through skin
70
Which statement matches a eukaryotic cell?
Only applies to plant cells
acellular particle
Contains a nucleus and other membrane organelles
Cell type that lacks a nucleus
71
Parasite
lives on organism and benefits nutrients at host
Very similar and usually happen at the same time
A short story that teaches a lesson or a moral
72
Koch's postulates have limitations.
True
False
73
Which pertains to DNA but not to RNA?
Contains adenine
Contains nucleotides
Contains ribose
Contains thymine
74
Fimbriae are the fine, thread like extensions which bacterial cells use to attach to the host tissues
False
True
75
psuedopods, cilia, and flagella are the three types of motility for protozoans
True
False
76
The term obligate intracellular parasite refers to
all of these
a bacterium
a protozoan
a virus
77
What is Biofilm?
Planet Earth
A collection of germs, attached to a surface, encased in slime.
Any movie starring David Attenborough
Pauly Shore
78
The picture below shows what bacterial shape and arrangement
streptobacilli
diplobacilli
diplococci
bacilli
79
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the relationship between humans and microbes?
Microorganisms benefit from their colonization of humans, and humans do not
Humans are colonized by bacteria and fungi, but not viruses
majority of colonizing bacteria cause no harm to humans
The majority of microorganisms that colonize humans are pathogenic
80
which of the following flagella arrangements has flagella that covers the surface of the cell?
endoflagella
peritrichous
polar
81
Endosymbiosis is about...
Liver cancer
How eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic ones
The difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
The differences between plant and animal cells
82
Quaternary structures of proteins are the simplest.
False
True
83
Which manual relies on phenotypic characteristics to c,assist bacteria
Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology
Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
84
What are the Types of Arrangements of Flagella? Select Best Answer
Endotrichous, phosphotrichous, monotrichous, and heptotrichous
Monotrichous, amphitrichous, lophotrichous, and peritrichous
Monotrichous, amphitrichous, and peritrichous
Ditrichous, amphitrichous, lophotrichous, and peritrichous
85
Eukaryotic flagella differ from prokaryotic flagella in that ________.
they are thinner, they contain microfilaments and not involved in motility
they are thinner, they have a basal body and a hook, and 9+2 arrangement
they are thicker, they are covered by membrane & they contain microtubules
they are thicker, they are made of flagellin and move in a 360 rotation
86
The purine _______ always binds with the pyrimidine _______ in DNA and RNA.
guanine; cytosine
adenine; guanine
thymine; guanine
cytosine; guanine
87
The slime layer allows bacteria to adhere onto objects such as teeth
False
True
88
The three major domains are:
Eukarya, Prokarya, Mukarya
Mammalia, Reptilia, Amphibia
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
Insecta, Reptilia, Amphibia
89
What is Microbiology?
Specialized area of biology that deals with items that require methane
specialized area in physics that answers questions about gravity
specialized area in chemistry that studies carbon
specialized area of biology that deal with items that require magnification
90
All bacteria have flagella
False
True
91
The three shapes of bacteria are...
rod, circle, chair
rod, square, chair
rod, sphere, spiral
92
Which of the following microorganisms are not eukaryotic?
molds
protozoa
yeasts
bacteria
93
Choose the statement that correctly describes the major difference between bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes.
Bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes contain different types of nucleotides
Bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes differ in function.
Bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes differ in the number of subunits
Bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes differ in size.
94
Major component of cell walls?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
95
Which characteristics are exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes?
sterols, transport sys, embedded proteins, phospho bilayer
embedded proteins, sterols, transports sys.
Phospholipid bilayer, embedded proteins, sterols
phospholipid bilayer, embed proteins, selectively permeable, transport sys.
96
What is the basic structure of a virus?
a tail sheath surrounded by tail fibers
DNA surrounded by a cell wall
a capsid surrounded by a protein coat
DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat (capsid)
97
What is Binomial Nomenclature?
A classification system using 2 names to identify a species
Animals that can mate/have offspring
Groups of closely related species
98
What is the difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria?
Only gram positive have peptodiglycan
Only gram positive have cell walls
Gram negative have more complex walls, less peptidoglycan
Gram positive stain pink on a gram stain
99
What additional taxonomical category did Carl Woese suggest in 1990?
Kingdoms
Domains
Phylum
Genus
100
Which of the statements apply to the theory of evolution?
Lacks supportive evidence
Is a well-established natural phenomenon
Is very general
Is a new untested hypothesis
