Child Development Principles and Theories

Rhythm instruments, singing, and music.

___ development involves using the small muscles of the hands and fingers.

Early stimulation sets the stage for future cognitive processes.

Cognitive development involves feelings and the expression of feelings.

The preoperational stage takes place between birth and two years of age.

Theorist who contributed the zone of proximal development.

Erikson-During the first __ months of life, children learn to trust/mistrust their environment.

Development tends to proceed from the head downward according to the _______ principle.

Children from age one up to three years of age are called _______.

Children from three to six years of age are called _________. 

Children who are logical-mathematical think through...

Erikson: children who are provided unrealistic expectations can develop incompetent feelings.

Children who are highly naturalistic think....

Running, skipping, jumping, and climbing fall into the category of _____ development.

The growth or change that occurs in children is called _____.

Maturation refers to a sequence of biological events occurring within the child.

One of Vygotsky's more important contributions was the zone of proximal development.

Piaget's theory of development focuses on predictable _______ stages. 

People with intrapersonal intelligence display excellent communication and social skills.

The sequence of biological changes in children.

Children who are highly verbal-linguistic think......

The brain affects all aspects of growth and development.

Physical development includes changes in bone thickness and weight. 

Daily interaction with nurturing adults helps young children develop a network of brain cells.

Young children with verbal-linguistic intelligence learn best by talking, reading, and writing.

Musical intelligence involves the ability to recognize musical patterns.

The brain contains billions of specialized nerve cells called synapses.

Piaget believed that learning was NOT limited by stage or maturation.

Vygotsky's theory includes eight stages.

Children who are highly intrapersonal think...

____ refers to the sequence of biological changes in children.

Brain development begins within a week of conception.

Children who are highly bodily-kinesthetic think through...

From birth to one year, children are called _______.

____ is adjusting what is already known to fit new information.

Process of taking in more information and adding it to what the child already knows.

Manipulatives for measuring, matching, and counting.

Role-plays, drama, creative movement, and hands-on activities.

Children who are musical-rhythmic think though...

What is the zone of proximal development?

Puzzles, blocks, and visual aids. 

The right input at the right time is critical for a child to fully develop his or her potential

Links or connections between neurons are called ______.

The correct order of Piaget's stages of development during early childhood.

Piaget and Vygotsky believed that children build knowledge through experiences.

_____ is one factor that causes harmful stress to infants.

Logical-mathematical intelligence is the ability to use logic and reason to solve problems.

Which term is used to describe a child from birth to the first year.

____ development involves learning to relate to others and express feelings.

During the concrete operations stage, children develop the ability to _______ systematically.

Vygotsky believed children learn through exploration with hands-on activities.

Piaget believed learning should be child-centered.

A principle or idea that is proposed, researched, and generally accepted as an explanation.

Theorist whose eight stages included a social conflict or crises that must be resolved.

Children with naturalistic intelligence process knowledge through sensation.

Naturalistic intelligence allows people to use their vision to develop mental images. 

Children who are highly visual-spatial think...

During the preoperational stage of development, children think others see the world as they do.

Principle that development proceeds from the head downward.

Classroom examples of emotions, areas to be alone, and self-paced projects.

Vygotsky believed that language is important and plays a key role in cognitive development.

Piaget believed learning occurs best when it comes from self-initiated activities.

Jean Piaget developed this theory.

Theorist who believed children built knowledge through exploration with hands-on activities.

Gardner: intelligence is a result of complex interactions b/w children's heredity/experience.

Spinal cord development occurs after the development in the child's outer body parts.

Piaget's fourth stage, formal operations, occurs between 7 and 11 years of age.

Children move through the growth processes at their own rates.

Growth and maturation proceed from the head down.

Piaget's theory explained ________ operations.

According to the _______ principle, development proceeds from the center of the body outward.

The first stage of development is called the ___ stage and occurs b/w birth and 2 years of age.

Developmental theories provide insights into how children grow and learn.

Piaget believed children's thinking develops in stages.

The theories provided by Erikson, Piaget, and Vygotsky can be useful decision-making tools.

Specialized nerve cells in the brain are called ______.

Adjusting to what is already known to fit the new information.

Knowledge is constructed through problem solving and interaction with others.

Children who are highly interpersonal think...

Problem solving and _____ are developed during the fourth state, formal operations.

Children's learning is more meaningful when they construct their own knowledge.

The processes used to gain knowledge are called ______ development.

Caregiving that encourage loving attachments promote healthy development for a lifetime.

According to Erikson, during the first 18 months children learn to trust or mistrust.

People with ______ intelligence display excellent communication and social skills.

Growth and maturation occur from the center of the body outward.

Howard Gardner developed the theory of Multiple Intelligences.

Development proceeds in a predictable manner.

Early care has a critical impact on how children develop, including their ability to learn.

Sharing of experiences, group activities, books focusing on emotions.

Erikson proposed a theory of multiple intelligences.

Each child moves through development at his or her own rate.

The term that Vygotsky used for providing assistance was PRIVATE SPEECH.

Development is dependent on maturation.

Changes in bone thickness/vision/hearing/muscle/size/weight are all part of ____ development.

Development proceeds from the center of the body outward according to the _____ principle.

___ believed children move forward in cognitive development with the right social interaction.

Theorist believed intelligence is result of interactions b/w children's heredity & experiences.

Children receive new info. & constantly create, modify, organize and reorganize schemata.

During the sensorimotor stage, infants use all their senses to explore and learn.

Learning to relate to others is called ________ development.

Piaget believed that children naturally attempt to understand what they do not know.

Howard Gardner's theory has helped teachers rethink how they work with young children.

The first six months are a key window of opportunity for developing ______. 

Piaget believed objects should NOT be provided for hands-on activities.

__________ are mental representations or concepts.

Brain development occurs most rapidly during the first three years of life.

Development refers to a change or growth in children.

Nature walks, gardening, and rock collections.

Piaget believed children construct their knowledge of the world through activities.

Gross-motor development involves the small muscles of the hands and fingers.

Key times for brain synapses to link easily and efficiently are called ___________.

Storybooks, writing tools, paper, and discussions.

What is the objective of Erikson's second stage, autonomy versus shame and doubt?