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DC BIO Final
DC BIO Final
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1
Integrated pest management ________.
aims to keep pest populations on an exponential growth curve
favors overwhelming a pest with chemical pesticides
advocates mixed-species plantings and rotating crops
advocates total eradication of pest species
2
In most developing countries, ________.
birth rates are lower than death rates, so the population is declining
birth rates are higher than death rates, the population is growing rapidly
birth rates are lower than death rates, the population is growing rapidly
birth rates equal death rates, so the population is fairly stable
3
Like plants, fungi have _____; however, in plants they are composed of ____, whereas in fungi they are composed of ____.
cell walls; cellulose; chitin
cell membranes; phospholipids; chitin
cell walls; cellulose; peptidoglycan
cell walls; phospholipids; cellulose
4
In the oceans, global warming has ________.
made the water more basic
made the water more acidic
decreased the amount of oxygen available
benefited corals
5
A feature unique to mammals includes ________.
endothermy
laying amniotic eggs
the presence of hair
extended parental care of young
6
___ is the discipline of biology that focuses on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships.
Systematics
Evo-devo
Cladistics
7
In The Origin of Species, Darwin argued that the mechanism of descent with modification was ________.
bionomial nomenclature
artificial selection
natural selection
8
An ancestral species and all its evolutionary descendants define a(n)________.
clade
genus
outgroup
ingroup
9
A reproductive barrier that prevents individuals from closely related species from interbreeding is an example of _____
the geographic isolation of populations
sympatric speciation
allopatric speciation
a prezygotic barrier
10
Evolutionary evidence suggests fungi evolved from ________ that also gave rise to the fourth and most diverse group
plants
bacteria
protists
11
Dinosaurs (aside from the lineage that produced birds) were extinct by the end of the ________.
Eocene
permian
cretaceous
Silurian
12
Ecology is the study of ________.
interactions between humans and other species
interactions between organisms and their environments
human effects on the environment
life
13
________ are an example of an invasive species.
red-cockaded woodpeckers
snowshoe hares
Burmese pythons
cod
14
An effect of deforestation has been to ________.
increase the rate at which carbon dioxide is incorporated into organics
decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
decrease the rate of carbon dioxide production through cellular respiration
increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
15
Land was first colonized about ________ years ago.
500 million
2.5 billion
100 million
1.7 billion
16
Bacterial RNA polymerase binds to the ________.
operator
promoter
enhancer
repressor
17
A period of mass extinction is often followed by ________.
explosive diversification
continental drift
global warming
18
Logistic growth model, what happens to a population when the size of the population reaches carrying capacity?
The growth rate increases.
The growth rate is zero.
The growth rate decreases.
The growth rate cannot be determined.
19
In an aquatic food chain, small fishes that eat zooplankton are ________.
primary consumers
tertiary consumers
producers
secondary consumers
20
In most developed countries, overall population growth rates ________.
are high, so the population size is growing rapidly
are low, so the population size is declining
are near zero, so the population size is fairly stable
are high, so the population size is fairly stable
21
Approximately what percentage of the human genome consists of noncoding DNA?
77.5%
87.0%
67.0%
98.5%
22
Approximately what percentage of the visible light that reaches Earth's producers is converted to chemical energy?
1%
0.01%
10%
0.1%
23
Landscape ecology ________.
deals primarily with ecosystems in urban settings
focuses primarily on how to restore human-altered ecological systems
the application of ecological principles to the study of land-use patterns
deals with the study of the ranges of different species
24
Global warming may trigger all but one of these results to occur. Choose the EXCEPTION.
melting permafrost
catastrophic wildfire seasons
increased forest clearing for agricultural purposes
changes in the breeding seasons of some species
25
Homology is evidence of ________.
binomial classification
natural selection
artificial selection
common ancestry
26
If you study how two species of finches compete for food, you are trying to answer a question about ________.
community ecology
ecosystems ecology
organismal ecology
population ecology
27
How are the cells in different body tissues able to perform different functions?
The cells contain different genes.
Mutations have accumulated in the cells over time.
Different chromosomes have been inactivated in different cells.
The cells exhibit different patterns of gene expression.
28
Analogous structures are evidence of ________.
common ancestry
convergent evolution
divergent evolution
stabilizing selection
29
Exploring in the tropics, you discover a nonvascular plant that produces pollen. What type of plant have you discovered?
an entirely new type that you will get to name
a bryophyte
a fern
an angiosperm
30
An unexpected freeze that kills a population of chipmunks is an example of ________.
a density-dependent factor
a density-independent factor
a biological control
a population momentum
31
Gymnosperms and angiosperms share multiple similarities. All of these are similarities except one. Choose the exception.
Both have pollen grains that are male gametophytes.
Both have seeds.
Both have a dominant sporophyte generation.
Both produce flowers.
32
Besides the atmosphere, abiotic reservoirs of carbon dioxide include ________.
fossil fuels, but not dissolved carbon compounds in the oceans or rocks
rocks and dissolved carbon compounds in the oceans
rocks, but not fossil fuels or dissolved carbon compounds in the oceans
fossil fuels and dissolved carbon compounds in the oceans
33
________, a chemical that hardens cell walls and supports terrestrial plants, is found in all plants EXCEPT ________.
Lignin; bryophytes
Cellulose; bryophytes
Lignin; ferns and bryophytes
Cellulose; ferns
34
Bacilli are ________ prokaryotes.
spherical
spiral
comma-shaped
rod-shaped
35
In prokaryotes, the production of a single RNA transcript for a group of related genes is under the control of ________.
enhancers
transcription factors
a signal transduction pathway
an operon
36
Cells communicate with one another via ________.
the diffusion of RNA transcripts through adhesion junctions
cascades of gene activation
RNA splicing
signal transduction pathways
37
In an ideal, unlimited environment, what shape does a population's growth curve most closely resemble?
J then S
J
S then J
S
38
Homeotic genes are important for ________.
gene expression in prokaryotes
signal transduction pathways
gene regulation in eukaryotic cells
the development of an organism's body plan
39
A regional assemblage of interacting ecosystems is a ________.
landscape
community
movement corridor
hot spot
40
Competition among individuals of the same species for the same limited resources is ________ competition.
Type II
density-independent
Type III
intraspecific
41
________ are characterized body tissues, radial symmetry, and tentacles with stinging cells.
Annelids
Cnidarians
Sponges
Roundworms
42
A characteristic that is shared by snakes and birds is ________.
endothermy
the amniotic egg
ectothermy
the presence of only a single ovary in females
43
Inheritance of certain genes increases the risk of getting certain cancers; thus, it can be said that ________.
these cancers are inherited as a dominant trait
mutations that occur in somatic cells can be passed from parent to offsprin
lifestyle will have little impact on cancer risk for these individuals
predisposition to these cancers is inherited
44
In bacteria, what name is given to a cluster of genes with related functions, along with their DNA control sequences?
operator
operon
promoter
repressor
45
________ is(are) responsible for more cancers than any other carcinogen.
X-rays
asbestos
UV radiation
tobacco
46
A DNA fragment with the sticky end sequence TGGCA will bind with another DNA fragment with the sticky end sequence ____
TGCCA
ACCGT
TGGCA
ACGGT
47
In human gene therapy ________.
genetically engineered alleles, from other species, replace mutated alleles
bacterial plasmids are used to transfer genes to human patients
normal versions of genes are transferred to patients with mutated allele
48
Biomass is the total amount of ________ an ecosystem.
organic matter contained in the producers of
organic matter contained in the consumers of
organic material in
chemical elements recycled by the detritivores of
49
to assess the species diversity of a community, you would need to know the number of different species present and
the relative abundance of the different species
the intensity of interspecific competition in the community
the number of trophic levels in the community
the fraction of these species that are plants
50
Identify a difference between embryonic and adult stem cells from the following list.
The use of embryonic stem cells raises fewer ethical issues
Embryonic cells are undifferentiated; adult stem are differentiated.
It is easier to obtain embryonic stem cells.
Adult stem cells are easier to grow in culture.
51
A feature that freed reptiles from dependence on water for reproduction is ________.
metamorphosis
ectothermy
the amniotic egg
parental care of eggs
52
Homology is evidence of ________.
polyploidy
common ancestry
convergent evolution
53
A vaccine works by ________.
stimulating the immune system to develop lasting defenses
prevents translation of mRNA that code for disease-causing proteins
killing cells infected with a virus
inhibiting bacterial reproduction
54
Herbivory is an example of a ________ interaction.
+/+
+/-
0/+
-/-
55
A change in the gene pool due to chance results in ________.
environmental variation
natural selection
a large gene pool
genetic drift
56
________ is a critical abiotic factor that contributes to plant growth in savanna ecosystems.
Wind
Fire
Rain
Drought
57
All of these but one are practical reasons to be concerned with preserving plant diversity. Which is the exception?
Humans depend on plants for lumber and jobs.
Loss of plant biodiversity, in turn, negatively affects animal biodiversity
knowledge of plant communities has no impact on new medicine
Over 100 prescription drugs are made from substances derived from plants.
58
Food poisoning from Salmonella occurs because of ________.
an endotoxin produced by Salmonella bacteria
extremophile conditions
an exotoxin secreted by Salmonella bacteria
transmission between people living in close contact
59
________ is an example of bioremediation.
The use of an autoclave to kill endospores
The use of prokaryotes to treat sewage
Cyanobacteria converting atmospheric nitrogen to a form that plants can use
A dinoflagellate bloom causing massive fish kills
60
A characteristic of arthropods that has allowed for their great success is the presence of ________.
an endoskeleton
specialized segments
a brain
bilateral symmetry
61
Homeotic genes ________.
are an example of convergent evolution
regulate gene expression in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
have very different sequences in plant cells as compared to animal cells
are evidence of the common ancestry of eukaryotic organisms
62
All but one of these are causes for increasing carbon dioxide levels. Choose the EXCEPTION
production of manufactured goods
creating compost piles from vegetable waste
transportation
home energy use
63
In ________ the gametophyte is more obvious than the sporophyte.
grasses
conifers
ferns
mosses
64
A major function of a mushroom is to ________.
store nutrients
photosynthesize
produce spores
produce seeds
65
________ are the mammalian group that lays eggs.
Tunicates
Eutherians
Marsupials
Monotremes
66
An example of a mutualism, or +/+ relationship, is ________.
cryptic coloration in frogs
between corals and unicellular algae
between snails and the plants that they eat
between birds that use some of the same resources
67
Large, diverse, multicellular organisms first appeared in the fossil record ___ million years ago during the __.
600; Paleozoic era
50; Mesozoic era
290; Paleozoic era
363; Mesozoic era
68
In an operon, the ________ acts as an on/off switch.
promoter
activator
operator
repressor
69
________ convert nitrogen from nitrates to N2.
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in the soil
Denitrifying bacteria
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in the root nodules of legumes
Nitrifying bacteria
70
In the food chain grass < antelope < human < lion, the antelope is ________.
both an herbivore and a secondary consumer
both an herbivore and a primary consumer
a secondary consumer only
both a producer and a primary consumer
71
FGA is one of the STRs that are used to compare DNA between different people. Why is FGA useful?
FGA varies in the number of repeats between different people.
FGA is only present in some people's genomes.
FGA is present in different places in different people's genomes.
FGA varies in sequence between different people.
72
A movement corridor ________.
is a natural component of the environment
connects otherwise isolated patches of quality habitat for a species
is a path used by migratory animals when they move to their winter habitat
is the path most commonly used by an animal within its home range
73
________ introduced a system for grouping species into a hierarchy of categories.
Lamarck
Darwin
Linnaeus
Aristotle
74
Eukaryotes that are not fungi, animals, or plants are classified in a "catch-all" category called ________.
bacteria
archaea
protists
seaweeds
75
Eukaryotes arose about ________ years after the first prokaryotes.
3.5 billion
3.0 million
1.7 billion
4.0 billion
76
If there are 500 oak trees in a forest covering 50 square kilometers (km2) then the population density is ________.
5 trees per km2
10 trees per km2
50 trees per km2
100 trees per km2
77
In an aquatic ecosystem, what name is given to the region where photosynthesis can occur?
photic zone
aphotic zone
pelagic zone
benthic realm
78
Biological species consist of groups of ________.
populations
genera
domains
families
79
As a result of a severe disturbance, a community will ________.
be replaced by organisms in random order
not be repopulated
not change
undergo succession
80
How can mature plants be cloned to produce genetically identical copies?
Mature plant cells contain only a fraction of the genes found in an adult
Plants have evolved over time to suit the need of human agriculture.
Mature plant cells can develop into all the specialized cells of an adult
81
A protist with a shell made of silica is most likely a(n) ________.
apicomplexan
foram
dinoflagellate
diatom
82
Bears eat berries, humans, and fish; fish eat fish and insects; humans eat bears, large fish, and berries. The scenario
parasitism
an ecosystem
a food web
a food chain
83
All organisms that photosynthesize fit into which nutritional category?
autotrophs
parasites
heterotrophs
mixotroph
84
In what type of organism was the CRISPR-Cas9 system discovered?
plant
bacteria
human
fungi
85
A pollen grain is a ________.
sporophyte
male gametophyte
seed