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Making of Modern Britain (AQA AS history) Flashcards | StudBud
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Making of Modern Britain (AQA AS history)
Making of Modern Britain (AQA AS history)
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1
What was the aim of the Northern Irish Constitution Covention?
Remove direct rule from Northern Ireland
Ease relations between the unionists and nationalists
Determine the future of Northern Ireland's government
Bring tensions to an end
2
When did the Post Office tower open?
1968
1965
1966
1967
3
Who was killed at a riot in 1979?
Blaise Appleby
Brian Turner
Blair Peach
Ben Percy
4
Why did they refuse?
They didn't have the financial funds to allow it
The EEC disapproved of their relationship with the US
Heath was beginning to be suspicious of the relationship
Fears of Middle East oil supplies being cut
5
Women's wages increased from 50% of men's to how much?
60%
97%
100%
70%
6
After a trial period of the abolition of hanging, which year was the abolition made permanent?
1968
1969
1970
1960
7
What was Heath's response to Powell's 'rivers of blood' speech?
He cautioned him causing public outrage
He demoted him from his position
He sacked him and never spoke to him again
He congratulated him and fully supported his ideas
8
When did Eden become prime minister?
1956
1953
1952
1955
9
Why was the Convention dissolved in 1976?
The nationalists had become violent at the idea of it
Wilson accepted it as a failure
1975 election=unionist majority (opposed to power-sharing)
It was no longer necessary as the problems hhad ended
10
What were Macmillan's faults?
Old
Spy scandals (Profumo affair
Out of date
Clumsy
11
Why did De Gaulle block Britain's application with veto?
They wouldn't end their 'special relationship'
He saw them as a threat
He was jealous and protective of the organisation
They would ruin the EEC's economic policies
12
Why did Britain withdraw from commitments in Greece, Turkey and Palestine in 1947?
Reduction in empire
They didn't like their political attitudes
Tensions were high so it was safer to withdraw asap
Britain facing bankrupcy
13
Where was 'Rock Against Racism' held in 1978?
Downing Street
Belfast
Grosvenor Square
Trafalgar Square
14
Why was the comprehensive system flawed?
Parents turned to direct grant and independent schools
Parents protested against the change
Children were not getting a good quality education
Government funding did not cover the cost ofconversion
15
Select the conditions under which homosexual acts are permitted after the 1967 Sex Offences Act
Of any age, both consenting, in private
Both over 21, both consenting, in private
Both over 18, both consenting, in private
Both over 21, one consenting, in private
16
What damaged Eden's reputation?
Having a stroke causing a speech impediment
Being revealed as an alcoholic in 1954
A sex scandal involving Churchill
Taking military action in Suez
17
What did the Beeching Report recommend?
Shutting down the rail network for 3 days a week
Shutting 30% of the rail network
Shutting 20% of the rail network
Shutting down 5 of the rail lines including 26 stations
18
Riot over racial tensions
Notting Road riots 1958
Nottingham riots 1958
Nottingham riots 1959
Notting Hill riots 1958
19
Who was England's first black player?
Henry Gregory
Andy Stevenson
Allan Marshall
Viv Anderson
20
Select a policy of Heath's for dealing with Northern Ireland
night-time curfew
internment policy
increased police authority in arresting rioters
withdrawal of the British army
21
What was 'Night of the Long Knives'?
Eden's peak in power 1962
A riot in Trafalgar Square lasting all night 1962
When Eden reshuffled his cabinet 1962
A stabbing incident in London 1962
22
What effect did oil sanctions on Rhodesia have?
None, they had enough oil to last roughly 4 years
Fights broke out between citizens trying to purchase oil
Their economy declined and oil prices tripled
None, they could get oil through Mozambique
23
What caused the 'blanket protest' and 'dirty protest'?
Removal of Special Category Status from terrorist prisoners
Unfair British government policies
Unionists having more influence than nationalists
Mistreatment of the Catholics by police
24
How much of the Met Police were of minority race?
100/10,000
20/20,000
None
70/22,000
25
Was the Social Contract limiting wage demands?
No
Yes
26
In 1978 what did the TUC do?
Rejected the proposed 5% wage increase limit
Argue with Callaghan's trade union policy to reduce funding
Rejected Labour's proposed support in their manifesto
27
What caused internal Labour divisions?
Gaitskell's introduced prescription charges, Bevan opposed
Fights between the Labour leader and Macmillan
Unilateral nuclear disarmament and weapons divisions
Ideology over economic policies
28
What is the meaning of 'stagflation'?
Increasing employment and deflation
A standstill in a politician's political career
Inflation, no economic growth and increasing unemployment
Stagnant industrial relations
29
What did the Animal Liberation Front do?
attacked dog owners in the street
held a protest march in London
held protests outside zoos
sent letterbombs to politicians
30
What was a flaw of the Equal Opportunities Commission to oversee this act?
Court proceedings didn't support its agenda
No actual charges could be pressed against those ignoring it
Only 25% women felt comfortable reporting discrimination
Only 9 investigations in 8 years with 10% success
31
In which circumstances was discrimination not forbidden by the 1965 Race Relations Act?
Education and socially
Education and employment
Sports and housing
Housing and employment
32
Which year did Wilson resign?
1974
1980
1978
1976
33
How did Heath's career end?
Failure in Southern Rhodesia
Economic and political crisis
Failure of decimalisation
Huge rioting resulting in his resignation
34
What was the result of the 1974 general election?
Conservative majority
Labour majority
Hung parliament
35
When was Bloody Sunday?
13th June 1970
30th July 1976
3rd January 1974
30th January 1972
36
Where was the Apprentice Boy's annual march in 1969 attacked?
Derry
Bogside
Liverpool
Birmingham
37
What did Britain want for Southern Rhodesia before they could become independent?
Military support commitments to back Britain up
Special agreements with oil trade
Partial political rule of Britain over Southern Rhodesia
Majority rule to replace white political domination
38
When did Eden resign?
1957
1958
1963
1956
39
What occurred during the 1956 Suez Crisis?
Eden made a speech in Egypt which was badly received
Spies sent in to inconspicuously negotiate canal policies
Staged Israeli invasion with British/French intervention
Staged Eden's assassination causing a riot in response
40
Blue Streak was replaced by what in 1960?
Dependence on American Polis submarine weapon system
Blue Streak II using updated technology
The USSR's nuclear submarine 'Red October'
Orange Streak (more secure radiation prevention)
41
What issues did Wilson's 'kitchen cabinet' discussions pose?
Policies were passed without legislation in parliament
He was unapproachable by all except his close staff
They prevented ministers having access to him
People were suspicious of his plans for the economy
42
Significance of the launch of ITV
Increased the amount of people going into media-related jobs
Expanded advertising industry for consumer goods
Encouraged people to study the arts
Provided entertainment to distract from economic issues
43
Was Wilson's government committed to joining the EEC?
Yes, Wilson was pro-European and desired connections
No, economic problems were easing so it wasn't a priority
No, Wilson preferred the Atlantic Alliance
Yes, Britain was in financial crisis
44
Why did Labour lose the 1970 election?
Heath (Conservative) was seen as hard-working
Wilson's failures 1966-1969
'In Place of Strife' caused loss of support for Labour
Powell's 'rivers of blood speech' gained suppor
45
What did Rab Butler do in the run up to the 1955 election?
Promise increased affluence
Insult Macmillan's leadership
'give-away' budget of £135m tax cuts
Increase school funding by 18%
46
What did a 1965 survey reveal about attitudes towards living next to a black person?
A third would vandalise their house whilst they were inside
Half would refuse to do so
Three-quarters would harrass them at their door
A quarter would try and get them evicted
47
What was Heath's u-turn?
Drastic change in the highway code resulting in outrage
Nationalisation of Rolls Royce
Privatisation of 'lame duck' industries
Government money to stop Upper Clyde Shipbuilders bankrupcy
48
How many deaths were there from backstreet abortions 1958-1960?
104
80
82
73
49
How many women worked during this period?
1 in 4
1 in 3
1 in 8
1 in 5
50
What did the 1976 Domestic Violence Act allow?
The trial of abusive partners in front of a court
Court orders to be taken out to restrain violent partners
Women to easily divorce abusive husbands
Women to take refuge in one of 3 shelters in London
51
What was the aim of the Industry Act of 1972?
Provide fairer wages for those working in heavy industry
Involve the government, TUC and CBI in managing wage demands
Improve working conditions in heavy industry
Limit wage increases in response to inflation
52
What happened to the Sunningdale Agreement in 1974?
It was successfully achieved through Wilson's efforts
It was cancelled for a new policy in replacement
It collapsed, Wilson reimposed direct rule
It had been partially achieved
53
In 1975 the Sex Discrimination Act meant what?
The end of discrimination based on gender or marital status
Equal career and education opportunities
The end of discrimination of pregnant women
The legalisation of gay marriage
54
Environmentalist anti-nuclear protests were encouraged by what incident?
Three Mile Island 1979
Chernobyl 1986
Hiroshima 1945
Fukushima 2011
55
Who set up the NEDC in 1962?
Peter Thorneycroft
Selwyn Lloyd
Harold Macmillan
Barbara Castle
56
Why did Macmillan make his 'wind of change' speech in Cape Town?
To encourage them to remain part of the British Empire
They were more responsive to new ideas
To target white minority regimes resisting reform
They were concerned about climate change
57
Why was Callaghan an ideal successor?
He had good links with the unions
He had a good reputation with economic policies
He shared many of Heath's ideas
He was popular with the public
58
When did Macmillan resign?
1964
1961
1962
1963
59
When did rationing end?
July 1954
June 1955
July 1955
June 1954
60
Why were many reforms brought forward by backbench MPs and passed in the 1960s?
Backbench MPs were beginning a rebellion
Jenkins allowed parliamentary time for them
Wilson (against reforms) was no longer prime minister
Riots sparked a need for change
61
Who was appointed to oversee the 'University of the Air' project?
Jennie Lever
Jenny Green
Jenny Smith
Jennie Lee
62
When did Macmillan become prime minister?
1956
1957
1963
1962
63
How many unarmed civillians were shot by British soldiers during the march against internment?
32
26
30
20
64
A reason Britain did not initially become involved in the EEC
Preoccupied with their 'special relationship' with the US
Losing prominence as a world power
Few in favour of leadership role in Europe
They believed it would soon collapse due to inflation rates
65
What strained relations with the US during the Yom Kippur War?
Refusing to lend them planes to attack the opposition
Refusing to let them use Britain's bases to airlift supplies
Refusing to send troops to assist their efforts in Israel
Refusing to fund their military involvement using EEC money
66
What was a flaw of the 1970 Equal Pay Act?
Tasks could be slightly changed so the work wasn't 'equal'
Discrimination e.g. sexist remarks in the workplace remained
Employers could still dismiss women without reason
The men's wages were lowered to afford the increased women's
67
Jenkins as the new chancellor achieved what in 1960?
Balance of payments surplus
Inflation
Devaluation
A new 'give-away budget' of £26m
68
When did Heath become prime minister?
1972
1960
1970
1969
69
What was the name of the high-tec warplane which had its development abandoned due to cost?
TRD2
RT2S
TSR2
R2D2
70
What did the government do in 1961 in fear of the economy overheating?
Decrease taxation
Increase taxation
Get a loan from the IMF
Introduce a 'pay pause'
71
Who produced the white paper 'In place of strife' in 1969?
Barbara Windsor
Barbara Castle
Margaret Thatcher
Barbara Whitehouse
72
David Attenborough's TV series was called...
'Life on Mars'
'Life on a Rock'
'Life on Earth'
'Life on Planet Blue'
73
How did Denis Healey deal with the economic crisis without annoying trade unions?
Negotiated wage increases with them
Put more funding into heavy industry
Issued two budgets
Promised them funding once it was dealt with
74
What did the budget of April 1959 provide?
£370m tax cuts
Decrease of trade union monetary support
Extra £400m for government spending
Increased public spending
75
How many were holidaying at Butlins per week?
600,000
65,000
60,000
6,000
76
What did Ian Smith do that upset Wilson?
Declared independence for Rhodesia without majority rule
Changed his policy for Southern Rhodesia without discussion
Publically criticised Wilson's ideology
Made a speech in Southern Rhodesia upsetting the locals
77
What happened to Geogi Markov in 1978?
He was assassinated after criticising communism in Bulgaria
He died in a plane crash during the Yom Kippur War
The US employed him as a spy against the USSR
He was deported from the USSR for suspected rebellion
78
Which year did Churchill become prime minister for the second time?
1941
1953
1950
1951
79
In 1958 what was formed?
The CND
An alliance between France and Britain
The NHS
The EEC
80
What did Heath then do to attempt to solve Northern Ireland's problems?
Brought in direct rule from Westminister
Nothing, he'd run out of ideas
Send 1000 more British troops to keep the peace
Call a general election
81
What title did Heath get from China after visiting and improving relations?
'Friend of China'
'People's Friend Envoy'
'People's Peace Advocat'
'British Friend'
82
When was the first application to the EEC?
1960
1961
1962
1963
83
Which year marked the end of the post-war consensus?
1970
1960
1976
1975
84
Why was the Industrial Relations Court unsuccessful?
TUC and CBI opposed it
Trade unions protested
It caused an increased number of miner's strikes
Heath disagreed with its aims
85
What did Heath's 1975 budget do?
Gave more money to schools
Allowed trade union wages to increase
Offer £14m in tax cuts
Cut public spending, increase taxation
86
Select a circumstance under which the 1969 Divorce Reform Act would allow a divorce
5 years living apart and one partner wants a divorce
2 years living apart and one partner is abusive
2 years living apart and both partners want a divorce
3 years living apart with written consent from the court
87
Economic problems during this period
Run on the pound due to US Suez pressure
Trapped in stop-go cycle
Churchill used the government's budget to fund his trips
Trade deficit+balance of payments problems (lack of exports)
88
What were some oppositions to Britain joining the EEC?
Labour would do a better job at helping
The EEC would worsen Britain's economic situation
It would lose sovereignity
It was too late
89
What percentage voted to remain in the EEC?
56.4%
75.9%
80.1%
68.3%
90
How many constituencies opposed the agreement?
11/12
7/10
10/11
13/23
91
What triggered the 1973 Oil Price Crisis causing oil prices to be 4 times higher?
The lasting effects of the Suez Crisis
Breakdown of industrial relations
The Yom Kippur War
Heath's u-turn policy
92
Who led backlash against reduced censorship exemplified by the Penguin Books court case 1962?
Mary Berry
Mary Windsor
Mary Winehouse
Mary Whitehouse
93
Example of satire boom
'Behind the Curtain'
'Beyond the Window'
'Beyond the Fringe'
'Behind the Shield'
94
What was a response to the 1972 strikes?
3 day week
State of emergency declared
Power cuts across the country
9pm curfew
95
Who striked for 9 weeks and achieved a 15% wage increase?
Dustmen
Ford lorry drivers
Traindrivers
Rolls Royce manufacturers
96
What was the result of a vote of no confidence 1979?
The government were forced to resign
The government was decided to still be fit to run
97
What did the Women's Lib do to the 1970 Miss World contest?
Created a petition to have the event permanently banned
Disrupted it with stink bombs
Took over running it to prevent female objectification
Held protests outside the venue
98
What was the aim of the 1973 Sunningdale Agreement?
Have all the parties work together to find a solution
Increase awareness of the problems in Northern Ireland
Representation of both unionists and nationalists
Bring the riots to an end
99
When was the first rape crisis centre opened in London?
1975
1974
1970
1976
100
Select a flaw of the Race Relations Board
They only investigated 10% of reports
Complaints against police were excluded
All of the members were white
It only accepted complaints from black people, not Asians
101
Which act improved the lives of women who did work?
Equal pay for maids
Equal pay for teachers
Equal pay for political figures
Equal pay for nurses
102
When was the EEC application rejected?
1961
1962
1967
1963
103
How much did inflation fall 1978?
15%
10%
12%
20%
104
Why did Wilson win the general election he called in October 1974?
His government showed promise to alleviate economic problems
The Conservatives didn't campaign much
The Conservatives were still associated with the 3 day week
The public feared Thatcher
105
What was the effect of devolution not passing for Scotland and Wales?
Rioting in London and Glasgow
Wales confronted the British government
Scotland national MPs withdrew support for Labour
Callaghan's popularity fell by 10%
106
How did Wilson end the 3 day week?
Importing coal to increase electricity production
Social Contract with the TUC
Negotiation with the coal miners
Increasing productivity
107
Who was the last woman to be hanged and in which year?
Rebecca Edwards, 1955
Ruth Ellis, 1955
Ruti Ellison, 1955
Ruth Edam, 1950
108
What were Churchill's faults?
Had a stroke causing a speech impediment 1953
Old and ill
Was injured in the war by a stray bomb
Spent too much time abroad
109
How much did attacks on black and Asian people increase?
1/3
1/4
2 times
1/2
110
What formed the platform for The People's Party?
'A Blueprint for Survival'
'A Plan for Survival'
'A Plan for Living'
'A Greenprint for Survival'
111
What caused divisions in Thorneycroft's cabinet?
His usage of money to save lame duck industries
His monetarism belief (limit wage increase,cut money supply)
His views on nuclear weaponry
His desire to increase public spending
112
What was a result of the election after the loss of the vote of no confidence?
The Conservatives won a working majority
The Conservatives won just enough seats to be elected
113
Where did the mods and rockers hold a riot?
Margate
Margaret
Moorhead
Marshall
114
How much balance of payments deficit did Labour inherit?
£3 million
£3 billion
115
Select the conditions required for an abortion after legalisation in 1967
Within a month with permission from the father
Within 28 weeks with 2 doctors' written consent
Within 28 days with written consent from the local court
Within 30 weeks with permission from family
116
Where did they first meet to talk and what was the result?
HMS Victory, Wilson lost a lot of public support
HMS Lion, Smith undermined Wilson's political stance
HMS Belfast, Wilson and Smith had a physical scuffle
HMS Tiger, Smith disavowed all he had said
117
Name of plan to integrate French and German heavy industry
Shulman Plan of 1950
Schuman Plan of 1950
Shulman Plan of 1960
Scuber Plan of 1950
118
When did food rationing end?
1950
1958
1954
1955
119
By 1964 how many children were being educated in comprehensive schools?
1/2
1/5
1/10
1/20
120
When was Macmillan's 'winds of change' speech in Cape Town?
1952
1950
1960
1958
121
By 1977 the National Front was...
overtaking the Conservatives in popularity
losing support to Labour
the UK's 4th biggest party
banned
122
What were the demands at the first Women's National Co-ordination Campaign?
Longer paid maternity leave
Equal pay and equal job and education opportunities
Free contraception and abortion
Free 24 hour childcare
123
What were the Conservatives' domestic policies?
The tripartite education system
Clean Air Act 1965, Wolfden Commission, Homocide Act 1957
Promising to build 300,000 houses
Replacing technical colleges with universities
124
Select something the 1975 Employment Protection Act ensured
No dismissal based allowed due to pregnancy
Equal employment intake of men and women
Mothers were permitted to be employed in the service sector
Paid maternity leave
125
Why could devaluation not be avoided in the late 60s?
Wilson's tax policies
1967 dock strike
Cousins' attempt to break out of 'stop-go' cycle
War broke out in the Middle East
126
What did the government get from the International Monetary Fund?
'give-away' budget money
Economic advice
£3 billion loan
Money towards university fees
127
"In the 1960s, more people entered Britain as immigrants than left"
False
True
128
When was the Battle of Grosvenor Square? (Anti-Vietnam War protest)
May 18th 1969
March 8th 1969
March 28th 1968
May 28th 1967
129
What changes were made to higher education as a result of the Robbins Report?
Polytechnics replaced Colleges of Technology
Universities got increased funding proportionate to intake
'New' universities founded
New courses e.g. town planning, architecture
130
What did the 'Lib-Lab' pact achieve?
Increased support for Callaghan's policies
More Labour voters
Stabilisation of party divisions
Defeat of a vote of no confidence
131
Which year was a timetable for withdrawal 'East of Suez' created?
1966
1969
1967
1968
132
What was a problem with Eden?
Previous experience=foreign policy, no interest in domestics
Previous experience=social policy, hated politics
He hated speaking to people
He was old and unwell
133
When and how did Macmillan lose his grip on government?
1960-1962, revelations about his true character
1961-1962, Labour increasing power
1960-1963, Conservative divisions
1961-1963, various events
134
During the Korean War 1950-1953 when South Korea was invaded, what did Britain contribute?
90,000 soldiers
Weapons, food and medical supplies lifted in by warplanes
2,000 army vehicles (tanks, helicopters etc)
Moral support without military involvement
135
When was EEC membership achieved?
1971
1968
1975
1973
136
The National Enterprise board was set up under who to administer the government's shareholding?
Margaret Thatcher
Barbara Castle
Roy Jenkins
Tony Benn
137
How many company chairmen supported the EEC?
356/430
415/419
200/350
400/405
