Anglais S4

Question 1

Why conspiracy theories are concerning for US authorities ?

Accepted Answer

Because provoke domestic terrorism in hyper polarized political atmosphere, conspiracy theory videos attractive, "rabbit holes"

Question 2

What is the content and aim of the public broadcasting act 1967 ?

Accepted Answer

Non profit corporat°, produces diverse, high, qualify, educational programs, turn the US media into educational fools by creating the CPB, Signed by President L. B. Johnson (part of his « Great Society » programs)

Question 3

What a skit is ?

Accepted Answer

A sketch, For example Obama's Skit in 2016 : politainment

Question 4

What a rabbit hole is on video platforms ?

Accepted Answer

leads user to more radical content, recommendat° algorithm system plays next video on similar issue

Question 5

What infotainment is ?

Accepted Answer

A mix between information and entertainment

Question 6

What the 1996 communications decency act contains ?

Accepted Answer

No liability for platform content, they aren't publishing videos themselves, US social media companies can establish standards for content of enfocemt

Question 7

The origins of the Vietnam war ?

Accepted Answer

No declaration of War by Congress, Starts by the French, 1955, very few reports, rise of communism & fear

Question 8

What the Ellsberg scandal was ?

Accepted Answer

Charged by the Nixon admin for conspiracy, espionage, stealing gvt property, 1973 : charges dropped

Question 9

What the 2004 torture memos were ?

Accepted Answer

CIA asks the OCL to review videotapes of interrogat° of detainees, Definition of torture in the memos in "definition of torture under 18 USC", The tapes are destroyed by CIA, reveald in 2009

Question 10

What are the difference between rationalists and intuitionists ?

Accepted Answer

intuitionists base their thinking on intuition, rationalists base their thinking on reason

Question 11

What are the criteria for news selection ?

Accepted Answer

Attractiveness / Newsworthiness, Reliable, authority and status of source, Level of Controversy, level of negativity

Question 12

What the polarizing mirror effect is ?

Accepted Answer

Profusion of cheap media, Consumers can select media according to their own personal assessment

Question 13

What happened after the publication of the Abu Grahib prison pictures ?

Accepted Answer

« Covering up » the whole truth by claiming those were isolated incident, Showing US soldiers humiliating and abusing Iraqi prisoners, major scandal, Claiming having no knowledge of such practices, Punishing the Culprits, showing US is under the rule of law

Question 14

What are the most believed conspiracy theories ?

Accepted Answer

The gvt known about the JFK assination, 42,1% of American believe that global warming is a conspiracy, 9/11 : it's a gvt attack and not an Al-Quaida attack

Question 15

What enhanced interrogation is ?

Accepted Answer

limits the set of action for interrogation techniques, An euphemism for the program of systematic torture of detainees by the CIA

Question 16

What a soundbite is ?

Accepted Answer

Catchy phrases and slogans, Time-saving and attractive, Narrows the scope of political discussions, debate and political la

Question 17

The way the Vietnam war was covered by the media ?

Accepted Answer

1960, Deeper direct US military involvement, growing media interest, 1964 : 40 press Corps/ 1965 : 419 press Corps, 1955, low profile conflict, not much media coverage

Question 18

How the Gulf war started in 1990 ?

Accepted Answer

Coalition formed by 38 countries to free Kuwait, Kuwait retaken, They stopped to Kuwait, Under George Bush Sr, Invas° & annexat° of Kuwait by Saddam Hussein’s Iraq

Question 19

What deplatforming is ?

Accepted Answer

Trump banned from Twitter, Permanent suspension of @realDonaldTrump

Question 20

What are the names of legislations framing the media ?

Accepted Answer

Radio Act, 1927, Communication Act 1934

Question 21

What alternative media are ?

Accepted Answer

Content moderation : regulation, speech policing, censorship, the use of social media instead of mainstream media, Hate speech that incites to acts of violence

Question 22

What are the consequences of the Watergate ?

Accepted Answer

New adversarial edge for journalism, Enduring skepticism about federal government

Question 23

What CPB (Corporation for public broadcasting) is ?

Accepted Answer

diverse, high, qualify, educational programs in the interest of the public, Federal, State and local subsidies ,Member’s contributions, a hybrid system with the little public funding

Question 24

How the Iraq war started in 2003 ?

Accepted Answer

US-led Military alliance (The coalition of the willing), Gvt’s official claim Saddam Hussein has chemical & biological weapons, Iraq as links with Al Qaeda

Question 25

What’s wrong with the media, and the viewers, and politics ?

Accepted Answer

Increasing polarization and partisanship, distrust and misunderstanding, Gap between mainstream media and citizens, Overabundance of sources, Influence of big money, lobbies and interests groups

Question 26

What happened with the Bidens, the Washington Post and Twitter ?

Accepted Answer

NYPost article evidencing Trump’s accusations against election rival Biden, Leaked email evidence H.B was paid by Ukrainian company for access to VPdad, NYPost unable to authenticate emails used for the article

Question 27

What is the trend of conspiracy theory (volume, spreading) ?

Accepted Answer

42,1% of American believe that global warming is a conspiracy, More spred thanks to media, Denying, punishing or denouncing conspiracy is evidence of conspiracy

Question 28

What are the different legal interpretations of the torture memos from Bush to Obama ?

Accepted Answer

Executive order to rescind all OLC guidance on interrogation techniques, Redacted versions of torture memos released by Obama’s administration, No prosecution for the authors or interrogators

Question 29

What are the different aspects of the anti-war movement ?

Accepted Answer

Major blow to government’s war propaganda, November 1969 : revelation of Mylai Massacre, Growing discontent with the War. Protests, demonstration, rallies, sit ins

Question 30

What Congress discussed in April 2018 in its hearings on social media (and what led to those hearings) ?

Accepted Answer

Senate have a hearing called : «FB, social media privacy & the used & abuse, Called « Filtering practices on social media platforms », Lawmakers and content moderation

Question 31

How The Watergate unfolded ?

Accepted Answer

Summer 1973, it turns into a national issue, proof Nixon records everything, Resigning from office, Pdt Gerald Ford give full pdtial pardon to Nixon., The Watergate scandal didn't cost Nixon the reelection, not national debate

Question 32

What the Watergate scandal was ?

Accepted Answer

DEEP THROAT leaks FBI investigate, campaign of political spying, sabotage, June 18, 1972 : Washington Post reports a burglary in the Watergate

Question 33

What the coalition of the willing was ?

Accepted Answer

US military alliance between US, UK, Australia, Spain, Poland, Operation Iraqi Freedom

Question 34

What the beat is, what the pros and cons of the beat are ?

Accepted Answer

Journalist assigned to a specific topic, Daily contact thanks to daily briefing, win win situation, « pack journalism » effect, too cozy, less critical, same people same work

Question 35

What happened with Covid vaccines, Youtube, Twitter and Facebook ?

Accepted Answer

Ban of all misleading claims about covid vaccines, covid = politic discuss, Youtube banned conspiracy theories about covid vaccines

Question 36

What politainment is ?

Accepted Answer

A mix bewteen politics and entertainment

Question 37

What Truth social is ?

Accepted Answer

By Trump media and technology group (TMTC), Social media platform set to launch in February 2022, Similar to twitter, availed on Apple App Store

Question 38

What are the origins of Fox News Channel ?

Accepted Answer

Mainstream Tv News Market dominated by CNN, Viewers dissatisfied with CNN news opinion and edition : to liberal, Conservative offer with Conservative anchors & loose contraint on editorial

Question 39

What the Pentagon papers were, how they were published and how the US gvt reacted ?

Accepted Answer

NYTimes receives a district court injonctions to suspend publication, Reveals active involvement of US in Fr-Indochina conflict, built the war, Report about the Vietnam war published in the NYtime thanks to D. Ellsberg

Question 40

The US supreme Court’s decision in New York Times v. US ?

Accepted Answer

US government failed to meet required burden of proof, 6-3decision in favor of the appellant : First Amendement prevails

Question 41

What happened with the 2020 election and Twitter?

Accepted Answer

Rioting mob of supporters breaks into congress after Trump speech (6/01/21), Tweets of Trump inciting more violence ? He will not be silenced,, Conspiracy theory on social media : pre-election on the election day

Question 42

What the credibility gap is ?

Accepted Answer

Suspicion among public that both politicians and the media will lie, Widespread suspicion among reporters that politicians will lie, The reporters are constantly suspecting the politicians to lie

Question 43

When was created Fox News and by who ?

Accepted Answer

Created in 1996, Chairman and acting CEO Rupert Murdoch

Question 44

What a trial balloon is ?

Accepted Answer

Anonymous, Opportunity to test public's reaction before acting

Question 45

What's the opposition between the Republicans and the Democrats on the issue of social media content moderation ?

Accepted Answer

For democrats federal laws are necessary to strengthen content moderation, Republicans are the victim, Major social media companies disproportionally censor conservative speech

Question 46

What Vietnamized the war in Iraq ?

Accepted Answer

The American people were first supportive of the war, the level of trust is plummeting

Question 47

What the 2002 torture memos were ?

Accepted Answer

Authorized « enhanced » interrogation techniques, 2002 documents prepared before the invasion of Iraq by John You, Argues that international humanitarian laws, do not apply to Americ

Question 48

What is the debate surrounding the ‘public media’ in the 1960’s ?

Accepted Answer

It serve the jeffersonian ideal of political enlightenment of the public, Deem as a state agent « least viable » economic model in capitalist economy

Question 49

What is the Identity of Fox News ?

Accepted Answer

About vendetta to classic journalism, very agressive, Staunchly conservative editorial line, No neutrality, Highly politicized content & tone

Question 50

What are the danger of intuitionism ?

Accepted Answer

Hyperpolarisation eagerness to antagonize the opposite side, Agressive stances and mir campaign have become the new normal, No more ‘let’s agree to disagree’

Question 51

Who delivers the White House daily briefing ?

Accepted Answer

The President’s Press secretary

Question 52

Censorship is the suppression or prohibition of some news ?

Accepted Answer

True

Question 53

What alternative facts are and the origin of the term ?

Accepted Answer

Not just one truth but "your truth/ my truth", Truth-alternative facts-falsehood

Question 54

what waterboarding is ?

Accepted Answer

Torture, sensation of drowning

Question 55

What are the expressions coined by Canadian philosopher Marshall McLuhan ?

Accepted Answer

"The Americans lose the war to the power of their democratic Media", "The medium is the message", We now live in a "Global village"

Question 56

What a conspiracy theory is ?

Accepted Answer

more widespread and discussed thanks to social media and hyper polarization, explains an event as the result of a secret plot, by powerful conspirators, have always been part of the American public psyche

Question 57

How news are edited ?

Accepted Answer

Selection of stories targeted to tastes of media viewer, Story framed & presented to be as appealing and understandable as possible, Preference in Content to appeal to the targeted audience

Question 58

What is the role of the FCC (the Federal Communications Commission) ?

Accepted Answer

To regulate interstate and international communications

Question 59

Why the war in Iraq was questioned ?

Accepted Answer

US failed to detect that Iraq’s weapons programs weren't operational, No weapons were found

Question 60

What content moderation is ?

Accepted Answer

Social media companies do the job of deciding what is acceptable or not

Question 61

How Publics' Relations works in D.C ?

Accepted Answer

Politicians blame the Media for being BIASED, Mutual exploitation, lot of gvt officials Involved in PR on a daily basis, All elected offcials have a press secretary

Question 62

Trump’s strategy with the media ?

Accepted Answer

Mocked & depicted as a joke with oversimplisitic political vision, Aggressive relationship with the Media, Constant attacks on the Media, Unavoidable, Unpredictable, Unprecedented, Unbeatable

Question 63

What the White House correspondents’ dinner is and why it is criticized ?

Accepted Answer

Mocking and self-mocking speeches and scenes either live or videotaped, Journalists & politicians too comfortable & cozy => propaganda, Yearly dinner attended by WH Press Corps, Pdt, VP & administration

Question 64

What MSNBC is ?

Accepted Answer

Too much on the left side, favored Obama against Clinton, Left-learning, Network’s daytime news platform expanded to cover 8 hours of the day

Anglais S4

Questions 67

Anglais S4

Questions 67