Chapter 1

A graphed cluster of dots which represent the value of two variables.

Research method in which investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe effect on behavior or mental process.

Tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that we could have predicted it.

Which of the following is part of the scientific method?

The arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by # of scores.

In an experiment, the group exposed to the treatment.

In an experiment, the group not exposed to treatment.

The most frequently occurring scores in a distribution

Computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.

A statistical index of the relationship between -1 and +1

Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance.

Difference between highest and lowest scores in a distribution.

Carefully worded statement of the exact procedures using in research study.

The tendency for extreme and unusual scores to fall back toward the average.

A hypothesis is a testable prediction that is often implied by theory.

The science of behavior and mental processes.

A symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data.

A factor other than the factor being studied that might influence a study's results.

The middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above and half are below it.

A descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth.

A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has equal chance of inclusion.

Explanation using integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events.

In an experiment, the factor that is manipulated and the variable that is being studied.

Experimental results caused by expectations alone

In an experiment, the outcome that is measured and may change when another variable is manipulated.

Systematic, objective observation of people

Examples of descriptive research includes case studies, naturalistic observation, and surveys.

Replication occurs when researchers repeat the essence of a study with different participants.

A descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations.

Giving potential participants enough information about a study to allow them to choose whether they want to participate

Tendency to know more than we actually know.

A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance.

Both the researcher and participants are ignorant about whether they received the treatment or placebo.

Perceiving a relationship where none exists, or perceiving a stronger-than-actual relationship.

Used to detect naturally occurring relationships to assess how well one variable predicts another.