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Evolution
Evolution
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natural selection, evolution, species
Flashcards
25 cards
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Answers
1
Biological fitness is the ability of the individual to
contribute to the gene pool of the next generation.
acquire new characteristics.
adapt to environmental conditions.
live to reproductive age.
2
The three-domain system recognizes fundamental differences between two groups of
protists
prokaryotes
eukaryotes
multi-cellular organisms
3
Darwin’s theory of evolution is based on the idea(s) of
variation and natural selection.
the transmission of acquired characteristics.
a tendency toward perfect, unchanging species.
use and disuse.
4
Most fossils form in
the sap of ancient trees
rusty water
ice
sedimentary rock
5
Species experience long periods interrupted by brief periods of rapid evolutionary change
punctuated equilibrium
coevolution
convergent evolution
adaptive radiation
6
Lions prey on a herd of antelopes, some are killed & some escape to reproduce, why?
Individuals function best tend to leave the most offspring.
Natural selection is a random process.
Species remain unchanged throughout time.
Individuals pass acquired characteristics to next generation
7
Darwin’s theory of natural selection: some individuals will have more offspring than others b/c
of inherited adaptations that are suited to the environment.
choices made by plant and animal breeders.
lack of competition within the species.
possession of adaptations developed through use.
8
All organisms in the kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia are
eukaryotes
prokaryotes
photosynthetic organisms
multicellular organisms
9
What does a cladistic analysis show about organisms?
the order in which derived characters evolved
the general fitness of the organisms analyzed
all traits of each organism analyzed
the relative importance of each derived character
10
Separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called
timing isolation.
behavioral isolation.
genetic equilibrium.
geographic isolation.
11
Which of the following statements describe what all members of a population share?
They are geographically isolated from each other.
They are behaviorally isolated from each other.
They are members of the same species.
They have identical genes.
12
A factor that keeps species separate is
reproduction at different times.
incompatible reproductive structures.
any of the above
different mating behaviors.
13
On the Galápagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed
somewhat similar species to those on the mainland
species unrelated to those found in mainland S. America
completely unrelated species on each of the islands.
species exactly like those found in mainland South America.
14
When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is
artificial selection.
survival of the fittest.
natural selection.
artificial variation.
15
Which of these pairs of organisms are found in the same domain?
plants and archea
bacteria and protists
protists and fungi
bacteria and archaea
16
The finches Darwin found on the Galápagos had different structural adaptations such as
birds’ different-shaped beaks.
length of the birds’ necks.
similarities of the birds’ embryos.
number of eggs in each bird’s nest.
17
An analysis of derived characters is used to generate a
calendar
cladogram
fossil record
traditional classification system
18
In the past, mass extinctions encouraged the rapid evolution of surviving species
by changing developmental genes
because they killed all organisms that had evolved together
by providing new opportunities for them
b/c they spared all organisms that had evolved convergently
19
In genetic drift, allele frequencies change because of
natural selection.
artificial selection.
chance.
mutations.
20
A genus is composed of a number of related
phyla
kingdoms
species
orders
21
The combined alleles of all the individuals that make up a population is the population’s
phenotype.
relative frequency.
gene pool.
genotype.
22
Number/location of bones of fossil vertebrates are similar to those in living vertebrates b/c
the inheritance of acquired traits.
a common ancestor.
the needs of the organisms.
the struggle for existence.
23
Sometimes, organisms that are not closely related look similar because of
radiometric dating
cladistics
punctuated equilibrium
convergent evolution
24
A single species that has evolved into several different forms that live in different ways has
undergone adaptive radiation
undergone mass extinction
undergone punctuated equilibrium
undergone convergent evolution
25
A change in the gene pool of a population due to chance is called
natural selection.
gene flow.
the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
genetic drift.
