What is bio magnification?

c) The concentration of certain substances along the food chain

What are problems associated with invasive or introduced species?

d) Displacement of native species and ecosystem disruption

Why can matter recycle through the biosphere?

b) The laws of thermodynamics allow for the conservation of matter

How did CFCs from aerosol cans contribute to global climate change?

c) CFCs primarily deplete the ozone layer and affects global climate change

What is true about melting glaciers?

b) Melting glaciers contribute to rising sea levels

The sulfur and nitrogen compounds in smog combine with water to form:

c) Sulfuric acid and nitric acid

How did subterranean termites find their way from the Philippines to the United States?

c) Hitchhiked on infested wooden materials

a) An acronym for major threats to biodiversity

What are the consequences of the zebra mussel population in the Great Lakes?

a) Competitive exclusion of native species

For a particular species, the carrying capacity is the maximum number of individual organisms that:

b) Can be supported by available resources

How does carbon cycle through the biosphere?

d) Photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition processes

What is the cause of algal blooms?

b) Excessive nutrients in the water

How are the movements of energy and nutrients through living systems different?

b) Energy moves through trophic levels and nutrients move biogeochemically

Describe the organization of an ecosystem.

a) The interaction between living and non-living components

How does the specific heat of water impact climate?

b) Water absorbs and releases heat slowly, moderating climate

What role do bay grasses have in the bay?

b) Purify the water and stabilize sediments

Why is soil important in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed?

b) It filters pollutants and helps maintain water quality

What are the benefits of social grouping of lions?

b) Enhanced protection from predators

Density-independent factors are limiting factors whose effects are:

b) Unrelated to population size

b) A group of individuals belonging to the same species in a given area

How is carbon stored in the biosphere?

c) Carbon sinks like forests and oceans

What are the different levels of ecological organization, from smallest to largest?

a) Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

List the adaptations plants living in dry regions, such as deserts have.

b) Spines and reduced leaves to reduce water loss

studbud

Bio II Ecology Final Exam Review

88 termsStudBud Administration63 plays

Welcome to the Bio II Ecology Final Exam Review! This review session is designed to help you prepare for your upcoming ecology exam. Here's a brief description of what you can expect from this review: Topic Coverage: The review will cover various topics related to ecology, including ecological principles, population dynamics, community interactions, ecosystems, and human impacts on the environment.

Flashcards88 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 88

Answers

1
What is the dominant plant in the taiga?
b) Palm trees
a) Cacti
c) Coniferous trees
d) Sunflowers
2
What is bio magnification?
d) None of the above
b) The process of succession in an ecosystem
c) The concentration of certain substances along the food chain
a) The increase in species diversity over time
3
What is the term for the variety of life on Earth including the number of different species their genetic variability
d) None of the above
c) Species diversity
a) Biodiversity
b) Ecosystem diversity
4
What are problems associated with invasive or introduced species?
d) Displacement of native species and ecosystem disruption
b) Decreased competition for resources
a) Increased biodiversity and ecosystem stability
c) Economic benefits for local communities
5
reproductive strategy bacteria employ characterized by their small size, rapid maturation, and short lifespan is called
c) Bacterial proliferation
a) R-selected reproduction
b) K-selected reproduction
d) None of the above
6
What are the major causes of habitat destruction?
c) Pollution
a) Deforestation
e) All of the above
b) Urbanization
7
Why can matter recycle through the biosphere?
c) It's transported by extraterrestrial beings
b) The laws of thermodynamics allow for the conservation of matter
d) Decomposition and nutrient cycling processes
a) It's magically regenerated by unicorns
8
What are the major threats to biodiversity?
a) Habitat destruction
e) All of the above
c) Overexploitation
b) Pollution
9
What type of pollution is runoff from farm fields?
a) Point source pollution
b) Non-point source pollution
d) Noise pollution
c) Industrial pollution
10
How did CFCs from aerosol cans contribute to global climate change?
a) CFCs directly contribute to global climate change
b) CFCs have no impact on global climate change
c) CFCs primarily deplete the ozone layer and affects global climate change
11
What is true about melting glaciers?
c) Melting glaciers result in a decrease in global temperature
d) Melting glaciers only affect polar regions
b) Melting glaciers contribute to rising sea levels
a) Melting glaciers have no impact on sea levels
12
What type of pollution is runoff from yards?
b) Non-point source pollution
c) Marine pollution
a) Point source pollution
d) Visual pollution
13
Which biome is characterized by trees that keep their leaves all year and constantly warm temperatures?
a) Tundra
c) Rainforest
d) Temperate deciduous forest
b) Grassland
14
The sulfur and nitrogen compounds in smog combine with water to form:
c) Sulfuric acid and nitric acid
b) Ozone
d) Volatile organic compounds
a) Carbon dioxide
15
How did subterranean termites find their way from the Philippines to the United States?
c) Hitchhiked on infested wooden materials
a) Hitchhiked on a spacecraft
b) Hitchhiked on a cruise ship
d) Flew across the Pacific Ocean
16
What is HI.P.P.O.?
d) None of the above
a) An acronym for major threats to biodiversity
b) A conservation organization
c) A global biodiversity protection program
17
What type of population would be associated with a population pyramid that had an extremely narrow base?
c) Declining population
d) None of the above
b) Expanding population
a) Stable population
18
What are the consequences of the zebra mussel population in the Great Lakes?
d) None of the above
c) Clogging of water intake pipes
a) Competitive exclusion of native species
b) Disruption of food webs
19
For a particular species, the carrying capacity is the maximum number of individual organisms that:
a) Can be sustained by the environment
b) Can be supported by available resources
c) Can reproduce successfully
d) None of the above
20
Different species can share the same habitat, but competition among them is reduced if they:
c) Share the same resources
a) Occupy different niches
d) None of the above
b) Have similar physical characteristics
21
How does carbon cycle through the biosphere?
a) Carbon tap-dancing
b) Carbon rollercoaster ride
d) Photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition processes
c) Carbon sequestration
22
Why is biodiversity important?
d) All of the above
a) It provides ecosystem stability
b) It supports various ecological processes
c) It offers potential benefits for medicine and agriculture
23
Which type of pyramid shows the amount of living tissue at each trophic level in an ecosystem?
d) None of the above
c) Pyramid of numbers
a) Energy pyramid
b) Biomass pyramid
24
All of the members of a particular species that live in one area plus the abiotic factors are called a(an):
d) None of the above
b) Ecosystem
c) Population
a) Community
25
What is the cause of algal blooms?
a)High levels of oxygen in the water
b) Excessive nutrients in the water
d) Intense water turbulence
c) Decreased sunlight reaching the water
26
How are the movements of energy and nutrients through living systems different?
a) Energy moves in a circle, while nutrients flow in a line
b) Energy moves through trophic levels and nutrients move biogeochemically
c) Energy moves via photosynthesis, while nutrients move via respiration
d Energy moves through organisms while nutrients move in abiotic components
27
Describe the organization of an ecosystem.
b) The distribution of different species within a habitat
d) None of the above
a) The interaction between living and non-living components
c) The flow of energy and nutrients through trophic levels
28
What are the two main types of ecological interactions?
b) Predation and parasitism
a) Competition and cooperation
c) Mutualism and commensalism
d) None of the above
29
How does the specific heat of water impact climate?
d) Water has no impact on climate
b) Water absorbs and releases heat slowly, moderating climate
c) Water reflects sunlight, cooling the atmosphere
a) Water acts as an insulator, reducing temperature fluctuations
30
What role do bay grasses have in the bay?
b) Purify the water and stabilize sediments
d) Create underwater amusement parks
a) Provide a habitat for nesting birds
c) Serve as a source of food for fish
31
What will happen to the population in the age structure diagram on the right?
b) Expanding population
d) None of the above
a) Stable population
c) Declining population
32
What is the major limiting factor of a tropical rainforest?
a) Nutrient-rich soil
c) Adequate rainfall
d) Low temperatures
a) Nutrient-rich soil
33
A biotic or abiotic resource in the environment that causes population size to decrease is a:
c) Ecological niche
a) Limiting factor
d) None of the above
b) Carrying capacity
34
What is the process by which organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce, leading to evolutionary change?
c) Genetic variation
a) Adaptation
d) None of the above
b) Natural selection
35
Why is soil important in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed?
d) It serves as a source of drinking water
c) It prevents flooding in the watershed
a) It provides a home for fish and aquatic organisms
b) It filters pollutants and helps maintain water quality
36
What are the benefits of social grouping of lions?
c) Improved social bonds within the pride
a) Increased hunting success
b) Enhanced protection from predators
d) None of the above
37
What is the term for the gradual change in species composition in a given area over time?
a) Evolution
c) Succession
b) Adaptation
38
Density-independent factors are limiting factors whose effects are:
c) Influenced by biotic interactions
a) Dependent on population density
d) None of the above
b) Unrelated to population size
39
A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other is unaffected is:
c) Parasitism
d) None of the above
b) Commensalism
a) Mutualism
40
Define a population.
d) None of the above
b) A group of individuals belonging to the same species in a given area
a) A group of individuals belonging to different species
c) A community of organisms interacting with each other
41
What is the process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the air to ammonia?
b) Nitrogen alchemy
a) Nitrogen whispering
d) Nitrogen teleportation
c) Nitrogen fixation
42
How is carbon stored in the biosphere?
c) Carbon sinks like forests and oceans
b) Carbon cloud storage
d) Carbon teleportation devices
a) Carbon wizardry
43
Several species of warblers can live in the same spruce tree ONLY because they:
c) Occupy different niches
d) None of the above
b) Have similar physical characteristics
a) Share the same nesting materials
44
What are the different levels of ecological organization, from smallest to largest?
b) Population, organism, community, ecosystem, biosphere
d) None of the above
c) Organism, community, population, ecosystem, biosphere
a) Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
45
Which type of pyramid shows the amount of living tissue at each trophic level in an ecosystem?
b) Biomass pyramid
c) Pyramid of numbers
d) None of the above
a) Energy pyramid
46
The Chesapeake Bay Watershed is made up of six states. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
c) New Jersey
d) Washington, D.C.
b) Delaware
a) Maryland
47
Which greenhouse gas contributes the most to climate change?
a) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
b) Methane (CH4)
d) Ozone (O3)
c) Nitrous oxide (N2O)
48
What is the predominant soil type in Virginia?
b) Chocolate cake soil
c) Ultisol
a) Marshmallow soil
d) Rainbow soil
49
List the adaptations plants living in dry regions, such as deserts have.
c) Ability to photosynthesize without sunlight
d) Hibernation during drought periods
b) Spines and reduced leaves to reduce water loss
a) Gills for underwater breathing
50
What type of pollution is runoff from parking lots?
b) Non-point source pollution
c) Air pollution
d) Noise pollution
a) Point source pollution
51
A disease resulting in the deaths of one-third of a dense population of bats in a cave would be a:
d) None of the above
b) Density-independent factor
a) Density-dependent factor
c) Carrying capacity factor
52
Why is Virginia's soil red in color?
d) The soil has a natural affinity for the color red
c) It's a result of food coloring experiments
b) Iron oxide minerals give it a red hue
a) It's made of crushed rubies
53
What happened by reintroducing the gray wolf in certain areas of the northwestern United States?
c) Improved plant and animal populations
b) Restored ecological balance
d) None of the above
a) Increased biodiversity
54
What type of pollution is a leaking pipe from a factory?
b) Non-point source pollution
d) Soil pollution
a) Point source pollution
c) Radioactive pollution
55
What is the term for the process which certain substances or pollutants increase in concentration along the food chain?
b) Biomagnification
c) Biodiversity
d) None of the above
a) Bioaccumulation
56
What is one variable that creates the greatest increase in particle pollution?
c) Reduced vehicle traffic
d) Enhanced air quality regulations
a) Decreased industrial activity
b) Increased emission of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from combustion
57
How can zebra mussels move from one lake to another?
d) None of the above
b) Attachment to boats or watercraft
c) Transported in water or on contaminated equipment
a) Natural dispersal
58
Biogeochemical cycling ensures that:
a) Resources are evenly distributed across ecosystems
c) Ecosystems remain static without any changes
b) Nutrients are conserved and recycled in ecosystems
d) Biomes are immune to environmental disturbances
59
What type of pollution is an overflow from a sewage plant containment pond?
a) Point source pollution
d) Light pollution
b) Non-point source pollution
c) Thermal pollution
60
Define an organism's niche.
d) None of the above
a) Its specific role in the ecosystem
b) The physical location where it lives
c) The total number of offspring it produces
61
What is the result of algal blooms in the bay?
a) Increased water clarity
c) Oxygen depletion and ecosystem imbalances
b) Enhanced biodiversity
d) Nutrient absorption by other organisms
62
What is the climax community in Shenandoah National Park in Virginia?
b) Coniferous trees
c) Deciduous trees
d) Orchids
a) Sunflowers
63
When needed resources are unevenly distributed, organisms often show a:
a) Random dispersion pattern
b) Clumped dispersion pattern
d) None of the above
c) Uniform dispersion pattern
64
Unrestricted populations of organisms experience:
b) Exponential growth
c) Carrying capacity
a) Logistic growth
d) None of the above
65
What influences the climate of a biome?
a) Number of trees in the area
d) Soil color and texture
b) Average wind speed
c) Latitude, elevation, and proximity to water
66
The repeated movement of water between Earth's surface and the atmosphere is called:
b) Water Tango
c) Hydrological cycle
a) H2O Shuffle
d) Water merry-go-round
67
The movement of organisms out of the population is called:
b) Emigration
c) Dispersal
a) Immigration
d) None of the above
68
What 2 things need to be added to Virginia soil in order to use it for agriculture?
c) Lime and fertilizer
b) Popcorn and cotton candy
d) Moon dust and starlight
a) Sparkles and confetti
69
What are the adaptations many plants in the rainforest have to help them obtain sunlight?
b) Ability to change leaf colors on demand
d) Wings for aerial photosynthesis
a) Long legs for jumping between trees
c) Tall, thin trunks and large leaves
70
What adaptations of the snakehead fish make it so competitive?
b) Ability to camouflage as seaweed
Ability to teleport
a) Ability to breathe fire
c) Ability to breathe air
71
The symbiotic relationship between a flower and the insect that feeds on its nectar is an example of:
a) Mutualism
d) None of the above
c) Parasitism
b) Commensalism
72
Why is it advantageous for grazing mammals to gather in groups?
b) Improved foraging efficiency
c) Enhanced defense against predators
d) None of the above
a) Increased detection of predators
73
What is the term for the process which certain substances or pollutants increase in concentration along the food chain?
d) None of the above
a) Bioaccumulation
b) Biomagnification
c) Biodiversity
74
Sea stars live in saltwater ecosystems. Species live in shallow tidal pools others live in the deepest parts of oceans.
a) Habitat diversity of sea stars
c) Reproductive behavior of sea stars
d) None of the above
b) Migration patterns of sea stars
75
Herring gulls fiercely defend the areas around their nests in breeding colonies. Within the colony, they would show a
c) Uniform dispersion pattern
a) Random dispersion pattern
b) Clumped dispersion pattern
d) None of the above
76
How can phosphorus and nitrogen levels in water be controlled?
b) Implementing proper wastewater treatment processes
c) Removing aquatic vegetation
d) Reducing water flow rates
a) Increasing fertilizer use
77
Why are zebra mussels a problem in the Great Lakes but not in their natural habitats?
c) Ideal environmental conditions for rapid reproduction
d) None of the above
a) Lack of predators and parasites
b) Abundance of suitable food sources
78
An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism is called:
a) Mutualism
d) None of the above
b) Parasitism
c) Predation
79
Which biome is most likely to have a lot of deciduous trees?
b) Taiga
a) Desert
d) Temperate deciduous forest
c) Tundra
80
What is the main goal of conservation biology?
d) All of the above
a) To protect and preserve endangered species
c) To promote sustainable use of natural resources
b) To restore and maintain healthy ecosystems
81
What is true about the effect of climate change on ecosystems and agriculture?
a) Climate change has no impact on ecosystems and agriculture
d) Climate change enhances crop productivity
c) Climate change only affects aquatic ecosystems
b) Climate change can lead to shifts in temperature and rain patterns
82
Define the greenhouse effect:
b) The process by which ozone is formed in the stratosphere
c) The trapping of heat by certain gases in the atmosphere
a) The cooling effect of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
d) The release of gases from volcanic eruptions
83
An uncut lawn becomes a meadow and eventually a forest. This process is an example of:
a) Primary succession
c) Tertiary succession
d) None of the above
b) Secondary succession
84
When did CO2 begin to increase above historical levels?
d) In the 19th and 20th centuries
a) In the 18th century
c) In the 19th century
b) In the 20th century
85
What is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems?
b) Soil nutrients
c) Decomposers
d) None of the above
a) Sunlight
86
Which biome is characterized by permafrost?
a) Desert
c) Grassland
b) Tundra
d) Temperate rainforest
87
The act enacted in 1973 that regulates the importation, exportation, and protection of all wildlife entering the U.S
b) The Endangered Species Act
c) The Lacey Act
d) The Marine Mammal Protection Act
a) The Clean Air Act
88
What is the stable ecosystem that develops due to succession called?
c) Successional community
d) None of the above
b) Climax community
a) Primary community

Bio II Ecology Final Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud

Bio II Ecology Final Exam Review

88 termsStudBud Administration63 plays

Flashcards88 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 88

Answers

1
What is the dominant plant in the taiga?
b) Palm trees
a) Cacti
c) Coniferous trees
d) Sunflowers
2
What is bio magnification?
d) None of the above
b) The process of succession in an ecosystem
c) The concentration of certain substances along the food chain
a) The increase in species diversity over time
3
What is the term for the variety of life on Earth including the number of different species their genetic variability
d) None of the above
c) Species diversity
a) Biodiversity
b) Ecosystem diversity
4
What are problems associated with invasive or introduced species?
d) Displacement of native species and ecosystem disruption
b) Decreased competition for resources
a) Increased biodiversity and ecosystem stability
c) Economic benefits for local communities
5
reproductive strategy bacteria employ characterized by their small size, rapid maturation, and short lifespan is called
c) Bacterial proliferation
a) R-selected reproduction
b) K-selected reproduction
d) None of the above
6
What are the major causes of habitat destruction?
c) Pollution
a) Deforestation
e) All of the above
b) Urbanization
7
Why can matter recycle through the biosphere?
c) It's transported by extraterrestrial beings
b) The laws of thermodynamics allow for the conservation of matter
d) Decomposition and nutrient cycling processes
a) It's magically regenerated by unicorns
8
What are the major threats to biodiversity?
a) Habitat destruction
e) All of the above
c) Overexploitation
b) Pollution
9
What type of pollution is runoff from farm fields?
a) Point source pollution
b) Non-point source pollution
d) Noise pollution
c) Industrial pollution
10
How did CFCs from aerosol cans contribute to global climate change?
a) CFCs directly contribute to global climate change
b) CFCs have no impact on global climate change
c) CFCs primarily deplete the ozone layer and affects global climate change
11
What is true about melting glaciers?
c) Melting glaciers result in a decrease in global temperature
d) Melting glaciers only affect polar regions
b) Melting glaciers contribute to rising sea levels
a) Melting glaciers have no impact on sea levels
12
What type of pollution is runoff from yards?
b) Non-point source pollution
c) Marine pollution
a) Point source pollution
d) Visual pollution
13
Which biome is characterized by trees that keep their leaves all year and constantly warm temperatures?
a) Tundra
c) Rainforest
d) Temperate deciduous forest
b) Grassland
14
The sulfur and nitrogen compounds in smog combine with water to form:
c) Sulfuric acid and nitric acid
b) Ozone
d) Volatile organic compounds
a) Carbon dioxide
15
How did subterranean termites find their way from the Philippines to the United States?
c) Hitchhiked on infested wooden materials
a) Hitchhiked on a spacecraft
b) Hitchhiked on a cruise ship
d) Flew across the Pacific Ocean
16
What is HI.P.P.O.?
d) None of the above
a) An acronym for major threats to biodiversity
b) A conservation organization
c) A global biodiversity protection program
17
What type of population would be associated with a population pyramid that had an extremely narrow base?
c) Declining population
d) None of the above
b) Expanding population
a) Stable population
18
What are the consequences of the zebra mussel population in the Great Lakes?
d) None of the above
c) Clogging of water intake pipes
a) Competitive exclusion of native species
b) Disruption of food webs
19
For a particular species, the carrying capacity is the maximum number of individual organisms that:
a) Can be sustained by the environment
b) Can be supported by available resources
c) Can reproduce successfully
d) None of the above
20
Different species can share the same habitat, but competition among them is reduced if they:
c) Share the same resources
a) Occupy different niches
d) None of the above
b) Have similar physical characteristics
21
How does carbon cycle through the biosphere?
a) Carbon tap-dancing
b) Carbon rollercoaster ride
d) Photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition processes
c) Carbon sequestration
22
Why is biodiversity important?
d) All of the above
a) It provides ecosystem stability
b) It supports various ecological processes
c) It offers potential benefits for medicine and agriculture
23
Which type of pyramid shows the amount of living tissue at each trophic level in an ecosystem?
d) None of the above
c) Pyramid of numbers
a) Energy pyramid
b) Biomass pyramid
24
All of the members of a particular species that live in one area plus the abiotic factors are called a(an):
d) None of the above
b) Ecosystem
c) Population
a) Community
25
What is the cause of algal blooms?
a)High levels of oxygen in the water
b) Excessive nutrients in the water
d) Intense water turbulence
c) Decreased sunlight reaching the water
26
How are the movements of energy and nutrients through living systems different?
a) Energy moves in a circle, while nutrients flow in a line
b) Energy moves through trophic levels and nutrients move biogeochemically
c) Energy moves via photosynthesis, while nutrients move via respiration
d Energy moves through organisms while nutrients move in abiotic components
27
Describe the organization of an ecosystem.
b) The distribution of different species within a habitat
d) None of the above
a) The interaction between living and non-living components
c) The flow of energy and nutrients through trophic levels
28
What are the two main types of ecological interactions?
b) Predation and parasitism
a) Competition and cooperation
c) Mutualism and commensalism
d) None of the above
29
How does the specific heat of water impact climate?
d) Water has no impact on climate
b) Water absorbs and releases heat slowly, moderating climate
c) Water reflects sunlight, cooling the atmosphere
a) Water acts as an insulator, reducing temperature fluctuations
30
What role do bay grasses have in the bay?
b) Purify the water and stabilize sediments
d) Create underwater amusement parks
a) Provide a habitat for nesting birds
c) Serve as a source of food for fish
31
What will happen to the population in the age structure diagram on the right?
b) Expanding population
d) None of the above
a) Stable population
c) Declining population
32
What is the major limiting factor of a tropical rainforest?
a) Nutrient-rich soil
c) Adequate rainfall
d) Low temperatures
a) Nutrient-rich soil
33
A biotic or abiotic resource in the environment that causes population size to decrease is a:
c) Ecological niche
a) Limiting factor
d) None of the above
b) Carrying capacity
34
What is the process by which organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce, leading to evolutionary change?
c) Genetic variation
a) Adaptation
d) None of the above
b) Natural selection
35
Why is soil important in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed?
d) It serves as a source of drinking water
c) It prevents flooding in the watershed
a) It provides a home for fish and aquatic organisms
b) It filters pollutants and helps maintain water quality
36
What are the benefits of social grouping of lions?
c) Improved social bonds within the pride
a) Increased hunting success
b) Enhanced protection from predators
d) None of the above
37
What is the term for the gradual change in species composition in a given area over time?
a) Evolution
c) Succession
b) Adaptation
38
Density-independent factors are limiting factors whose effects are:
c) Influenced by biotic interactions
a) Dependent on population density
d) None of the above
b) Unrelated to population size
39
A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other is unaffected is:
c) Parasitism
d) None of the above
b) Commensalism
a) Mutualism
40
Define a population.
d) None of the above
b) A group of individuals belonging to the same species in a given area
a) A group of individuals belonging to different species
c) A community of organisms interacting with each other
41
What is the process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the air to ammonia?
b) Nitrogen alchemy
a) Nitrogen whispering
d) Nitrogen teleportation
c) Nitrogen fixation
42
How is carbon stored in the biosphere?
c) Carbon sinks like forests and oceans
b) Carbon cloud storage
d) Carbon teleportation devices
a) Carbon wizardry
43
Several species of warblers can live in the same spruce tree ONLY because they:
c) Occupy different niches
d) None of the above
b) Have similar physical characteristics
a) Share the same nesting materials
44
What are the different levels of ecological organization, from smallest to largest?
b) Population, organism, community, ecosystem, biosphere
d) None of the above
c) Organism, community, population, ecosystem, biosphere
a) Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
45
Which type of pyramid shows the amount of living tissue at each trophic level in an ecosystem?
b) Biomass pyramid
c) Pyramid of numbers
d) None of the above
a) Energy pyramid
46
The Chesapeake Bay Watershed is made up of six states. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
c) New Jersey
d) Washington, D.C.
b) Delaware
a) Maryland
47
Which greenhouse gas contributes the most to climate change?
a) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
b) Methane (CH4)
d) Ozone (O3)
c) Nitrous oxide (N2O)
48
What is the predominant soil type in Virginia?
b) Chocolate cake soil
c) Ultisol
a) Marshmallow soil
d) Rainbow soil
49
List the adaptations plants living in dry regions, such as deserts have.
c) Ability to photosynthesize without sunlight
d) Hibernation during drought periods
b) Spines and reduced leaves to reduce water loss
a) Gills for underwater breathing
50
What type of pollution is runoff from parking lots?
b) Non-point source pollution
c) Air pollution
d) Noise pollution
a) Point source pollution
51
A disease resulting in the deaths of one-third of a dense population of bats in a cave would be a:
d) None of the above
b) Density-independent factor
a) Density-dependent factor
c) Carrying capacity factor
52
Why is Virginia's soil red in color?
d) The soil has a natural affinity for the color red
c) It's a result of food coloring experiments
b) Iron oxide minerals give it a red hue
a) It's made of crushed rubies
53
What happened by reintroducing the gray wolf in certain areas of the northwestern United States?
c) Improved plant and animal populations
b) Restored ecological balance
d) None of the above
a) Increased biodiversity
54
What type of pollution is a leaking pipe from a factory?
b) Non-point source pollution
d) Soil pollution
a) Point source pollution
c) Radioactive pollution
55
What is the term for the process which certain substances or pollutants increase in concentration along the food chain?
b) Biomagnification
c) Biodiversity
d) None of the above
a) Bioaccumulation
56
What is one variable that creates the greatest increase in particle pollution?
c) Reduced vehicle traffic
d) Enhanced air quality regulations
a) Decreased industrial activity
b) Increased emission of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from combustion
57
How can zebra mussels move from one lake to another?
d) None of the above
b) Attachment to boats or watercraft
c) Transported in water or on contaminated equipment
a) Natural dispersal
58
Biogeochemical cycling ensures that:
a) Resources are evenly distributed across ecosystems
c) Ecosystems remain static without any changes
b) Nutrients are conserved and recycled in ecosystems
d) Biomes are immune to environmental disturbances
59
What type of pollution is an overflow from a sewage plant containment pond?
a) Point source pollution
d) Light pollution
b) Non-point source pollution
c) Thermal pollution
60
Define an organism's niche.
d) None of the above
a) Its specific role in the ecosystem
b) The physical location where it lives
c) The total number of offspring it produces
61
What is the result of algal blooms in the bay?
a) Increased water clarity
c) Oxygen depletion and ecosystem imbalances
b) Enhanced biodiversity
d) Nutrient absorption by other organisms
62
What is the climax community in Shenandoah National Park in Virginia?
b) Coniferous trees
c) Deciduous trees
d) Orchids
a) Sunflowers
63
When needed resources are unevenly distributed, organisms often show a:
a) Random dispersion pattern
b) Clumped dispersion pattern
d) None of the above
c) Uniform dispersion pattern
64
Unrestricted populations of organisms experience:
b) Exponential growth
c) Carrying capacity
a) Logistic growth
d) None of the above
65
What influences the climate of a biome?
a) Number of trees in the area
d) Soil color and texture
b) Average wind speed
c) Latitude, elevation, and proximity to water
66
The repeated movement of water between Earth's surface and the atmosphere is called:
b) Water Tango
c) Hydrological cycle
a) H2O Shuffle
d) Water merry-go-round
67
The movement of organisms out of the population is called:
b) Emigration
c) Dispersal
a) Immigration
d) None of the above
68
What 2 things need to be added to Virginia soil in order to use it for agriculture?
c) Lime and fertilizer
b) Popcorn and cotton candy
d) Moon dust and starlight
a) Sparkles and confetti
69
What are the adaptations many plants in the rainforest have to help them obtain sunlight?
b) Ability to change leaf colors on demand
d) Wings for aerial photosynthesis
a) Long legs for jumping between trees
c) Tall, thin trunks and large leaves
70
What adaptations of the snakehead fish make it so competitive?
b) Ability to camouflage as seaweed
Ability to teleport
a) Ability to breathe fire
c) Ability to breathe air
71
The symbiotic relationship between a flower and the insect that feeds on its nectar is an example of:
a) Mutualism
d) None of the above
c) Parasitism
b) Commensalism
72
Why is it advantageous for grazing mammals to gather in groups?
b) Improved foraging efficiency
c) Enhanced defense against predators
d) None of the above
a) Increased detection of predators
73
What is the term for the process which certain substances or pollutants increase in concentration along the food chain?
d) None of the above
a) Bioaccumulation
b) Biomagnification
c) Biodiversity
74
Sea stars live in saltwater ecosystems. Species live in shallow tidal pools others live in the deepest parts of oceans.
a) Habitat diversity of sea stars
c) Reproductive behavior of sea stars
d) None of the above
b) Migration patterns of sea stars
75
Herring gulls fiercely defend the areas around their nests in breeding colonies. Within the colony, they would show a
c) Uniform dispersion pattern
a) Random dispersion pattern
b) Clumped dispersion pattern
d) None of the above
76
How can phosphorus and nitrogen levels in water be controlled?
b) Implementing proper wastewater treatment processes
c) Removing aquatic vegetation
d) Reducing water flow rates
a) Increasing fertilizer use
77
Why are zebra mussels a problem in the Great Lakes but not in their natural habitats?
c) Ideal environmental conditions for rapid reproduction
d) None of the above
a) Lack of predators and parasites
b) Abundance of suitable food sources
78
An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism is called:
a) Mutualism
d) None of the above
b) Parasitism
c) Predation
79
Which biome is most likely to have a lot of deciduous trees?
b) Taiga
a) Desert
d) Temperate deciduous forest
c) Tundra
80
What is the main goal of conservation biology?
d) All of the above
a) To protect and preserve endangered species
c) To promote sustainable use of natural resources
b) To restore and maintain healthy ecosystems
81
What is true about the effect of climate change on ecosystems and agriculture?
a) Climate change has no impact on ecosystems and agriculture
d) Climate change enhances crop productivity
c) Climate change only affects aquatic ecosystems
b) Climate change can lead to shifts in temperature and rain patterns
82
Define the greenhouse effect:
b) The process by which ozone is formed in the stratosphere
c) The trapping of heat by certain gases in the atmosphere
a) The cooling effect of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
d) The release of gases from volcanic eruptions
83
An uncut lawn becomes a meadow and eventually a forest. This process is an example of:
a) Primary succession
c) Tertiary succession
d) None of the above
b) Secondary succession
84
When did CO2 begin to increase above historical levels?
d) In the 19th and 20th centuries
a) In the 18th century
c) In the 19th century
b) In the 20th century
85
What is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems?
b) Soil nutrients
c) Decomposers
d) None of the above
a) Sunlight
86
Which biome is characterized by permafrost?
a) Desert
c) Grassland
b) Tundra
d) Temperate rainforest
87
The act enacted in 1973 that regulates the importation, exportation, and protection of all wildlife entering the U.S
b) The Endangered Species Act
c) The Lacey Act
d) The Marine Mammal Protection Act
a) The Clean Air Act
88
What is the stable ecosystem that develops due to succession called?
c) Successional community
d) None of the above
b) Climax community
a) Primary community