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Pathology Exam 2 Flashcards | StudBud
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Pathology Exam 2
Pathology Exam 2
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Answers
1
How much of a local dose must be received during gestation to cause gonadal dysfunction?
10 mGy
100 mGy
100 Gyt
1 Gyt
2
LD 50/60 for humans
10 Gyt
1 Gyt
3.5 Gyt
7.5 Gyt
3
Which hemopoietic cells rapidly rise in number following radiation exposure?
Erythrocytes
Lymphocytes
Granulocytes
4
It is difficult to link cancer to radiation because it is hard to pinpoint what caused it.
True
False
5
What are the characteristics of Deterministic Effects?
Occurs within a few days to months after exposure
Requires a substantial dose
All the above
Increased severity with increased dose
6
There are immediate symptoms of nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting with Prodromal syndrome.
False
True
7
Kinetics of chromosome aberrations, Multi hit exhibits what type of dose response?
Nonlinear, threshold
Linear, nonthreshold
Nonlinear, nonthreshold
Linear, threshold
8
What is the mean survival time for Hematologic syndrome?
10-60 days
25-30 days
30-60 days
1-20 days
9
How much can radiation exposure shorten your life
30 days per 10 mGyt radiation
10 days per 1 mGyt radiation
15 days per 1 mGyt radiation
10 days per 10 mGyt radiation
10
# of persons in exposed populations that show stochastic effects w/# in unexposed population who show some effects
Absolute risk
Relative risk
Excess risk
11
Period following whole body exposure of at least 1Gyt when symptoms recede & have a general sense of wellbeing
Latent period
Stochastic effects
Mean survival time
Prodromal period
12
If you survive Hematologic syndrome what effects may occur later in life?
Intestinal problems
You do not survive this syndrome
Leukemia
None
13
Number of cases per population per dose
Absolute risk
Relative risk
Excess risk
14
How long is the latent period for Hematologic syndrome?
1 day - 3 days
1 week
Several days - 4 weeks
There is no latent period
15
Which hemopoietic cells are most radioresistant?
Erythrocytes
Granulocytes
Lymphocytes
16
# of people who develop stochastic effects in excess of what is expected in normal populations.
Relative risk
Absolute risk
Excess risk
17
Which hemopoietic cells are most radiosensitive?
Erythrocytes
Granulocytes
Lymphocytes
18
There is a large chance for survival with Gastrointestinal syndrome
False
True
19
Time after initial radiation when patient appears well.
Mean survival time
Hematologist syndrome
Prodromal syndrome
Latent period
20
Production of birth defects in embryos and fetuses
Doubling dose
Teratogenesis
Erythema
Stochastic effects
21
What dose of radiation received during the first two weeks of pregnancy would cause a spontaneous abortion?
30 Gyt
10 Gyt
50 mGyt
100 mGyt
22
Dose of radiation that produces twice the frequency of genetic mutations as would have been observed w/out radiation
Deterministic effects
Gastrointestinal syndrome
Erythema
Doubling dose
23
What type of effect is cancer
Stochastic
Deterministic
24
Condition that results from whole body dose of 10 Gyt - 50 Gyt
Deterministic effects
Gastrointestinal syndrome
Doubling dose
Acute radiation syndrome
25
Effects of low doses over a long period of time
Deterministic effects
Stochastic effects
Acute radiation syndrome
Doubling dose
26
Easiest cancer to link to radiation is liver cancer
True
False
27
How much of a local dose must be received to cause temporary sterility in an adult?
2 Gy
10 mGy
1 Gy
10 Gy
28
What is the minimum lethal dose to humans?
1 Gyt
20 Gyt
50 Gyt
2 Gyt
29
What is the dose to a small area of the body that can cause skin erythema? (SED, skin erythema dose)
2 Gyt
1 Gyt
5 Gyt
10 Gyt
30
Level of radiation exposure that causes Central Nervous Syndrome
30-45 Gyt
Over 50 Gyt
10-20 Gyt
Over 100 Gyt
31
How much of a local dose must be received to cause permanent sterility?
5 Gy
10 mGy
3 mGy
2 Gy
32
Effects that requires a substantial dose at one time
Stochastic effects
Acute radiation syndrome
Erythema
Deterministic effects
33
Signs & symptoms associated w/the acute effects of high-dose rates of ionizing radiation
Latent period
Prodromal period
Acute radiation syndrome
Gastrointestinal syndrome
34
Sunburn like reddening of skin.
Local tissue damage
Erythema
Chromosome aberrations
Prodromal syndrome
35
When is a fetus most sensitive to radiation during pregnancy?
3rd trimester
1st trimester
2nd trimester
36
Period following whole body exposure of 1 Gyt w/symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
Latent period
Teratogenesis
Prodromal period
Mean survival time
37
Kinetics of chromosome aberrations, Single hit exhibits what type of dose response?
Nonlinear, nonthreshold
Linear, threshold
Linear, nonthreshold
Nonlinear, threshold
38
What are the characteristics of Stochastic effects?
Assumed linear, nonthreshold
Increased incidence, not increased severity
Low doses over a long period of time
All the above
39
Hematologic syndrome is dose dependent LD 50/60, which means 50% will die in 60 days.
False
True
40
What is the threshold dose for Radiation induced cataracts?
1 Gyt
10 Gyt
5 Gyt
2 Gyt
41
What is the mean survival time for Gastrointestinal syndrome?
1 week
3-7 days
4-10 days
Hours-3 days
42
Whole body dose that causes 50% of irradiated subjects to die within 60 days.
LD 50/60
Mean lethal dose
Threshold dose
Mean survival time
43
There is no chance for survival with Central Nervous Syndrome.
False
True
44
What dose response relationship does death from acute radiation syndrome follow?
Nonlinear, threshold
Linear, threshold
Nonlinear, nonthreshold
Linear, nonthreshold
45
Observed number minus expected cases
Formula for absolute risk
Formula for relative risk
Formula for excess risk
46
Latent period for radiation induced leukemia.
10 days - 4 weeks
There is no latent period
4-7 years
1-3 years
47
Ratio of # of cases in irradiated population to # of cases expected to occur naturally in non-irradiated population.
Formula for absolute risk
Formula for excess risk
Formula for relative risk
48
What is the average time between exposure and death?
Latent period
Mean lethal dose
Mean survival time
LD 50/60
49
Is there a threshold dose for Prodromal syndrome?
No, you can get it at any dose
Yes, if under 1 Gyt it will not occur
No, it is nonthreshold
Yes, if over 10 Gyt
50
What is the mean survival time for Central Nervous Syndrome?
10 days -3 weeks
5-7 days
Hours - 3 days
1 week
51
Type of cancer radiation can cause.
Liver
All the above
Bone
Thyroid
52
How many people must be studied in an epidemiological study of stochastic effects?
None, they use animals
Thousands
Millions
A small study group
53
Average time between radiation exposure and death
Latent period
Mean survival time
Prodromal period
54
When is a fetus most resistant to radiation during pregnancy?
3rd trimester
1st trimester
2nd trimester
55
What levels of radiation cause Hematologic syndrome?
5-7 Gyt
2-10 Gyt
10-20 Gyt
15-25 Gyt
56
What levels of radiation can cause Gastrointestinal syndrome?
10-50 Gyt
2-10 Gyt
1-3 Gyt
25-40 Gyt
57
Latent period for Gastrointestinal syndrome
2-10 weeks
5-7 days
3-10 days
1-4 weeks
58
Hormesis is the theory that radiation does below 100mGyt are good for us.
False
True
59
What levels of radiation cause Prodromal syndrome?
1 mGt
10 Gyt
10 Gya
1 Gyt
60
What type of cells in the intestinal lining are affected by Gastrointestinal syndrome?
Fat cells
Nerve cells
Blood cells
Stem cells
61
How long is the latent period for Central Nervous Syndrome?
1 week
None
5-7 days
Several days - 4 weeks
62
Reddening of skin
Erythema
Doubling dose
Gastrointestinal syndrome
Teratogenesis
