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Earth Science: Unit 5 Hydrology Flashcards | StudBud
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Earth Science: Unit 5 Hydrology
Earth Science: Unit 5 Hydrology
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Unit 5: Hydrology
Flashcards
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Answers
1
Which gas alters the ocean's pH?
Carbon Dioxide
Radon
Nitrogen
Argon
2
Point source is traceable, while non-point source does not have a specific source of origin.
True
False
3
The drilling of freshwater increases along a coastal area. What is a likely consequence?
a destruction of estuaries because an increase in sea levels
a decrease in sal concentration in inlet waterways
a loss of water resources in estuaries
an intrusion of saltwater into aquifers
4
Permeable rock layers of sediments that transmit groundwater freely are called:
aquifers
aquitards
springs
caverns
5
How could a long-term decrease in precipitation impact an area? It could....
decrease the amount of damage to crops in an area
increase the amount of flooding in an area
increase the average water level of lakes in an area
decrease the amount of possible infiltration in an area
6
The Gulf Stream affects the climate of ____________.
Alaska
California
Brazil
Great Britain
7
One major cause of floods is:
increased capacity of stream channels
water table above the surface of the ground
light rain over a large area
a decrease in stream discharge
8
The ocean layer of rapid temperature change with depth is known as the:
deep zone
thermocline
mixed zone
trophic level
9
Which of the following would most likely prevent flooding?
recycling bottled water containers
building waste landfills for metals and other contaminants
building artificial levees
reducing water consumption
10
A drainage basin is:
the channel of a stream
the land area that contributes water to a stream
all streams that flow directly into an ocean
the land covered by floodwaters
11
How does thermal pollution affect/stress an aquatic environment?
increases the life expectancy of animals
reduces the number of species in the environment
reduces the decomposition rate of organisms
increases the amount of dissolved oxygen in the environment
12
Large quantities of sand can be added to the beach to stabilize the shoreline, to which this:
creates a wall that disrupts the vegetation
causes inland erosion
is a short term solution
creates a barrier that prevents the tides from occurring
13
In addition to salinity, what factor affects the density of seawater?
boats
temperature
salt content
longitude
14
In what type of soil would infiltration of groundwater into streams occur the slowest?
fine clay
silt
sand
gravel
15
Limiting development on floodplains is effective because it:
allows floodplains to absorb floodwaters
helps keep floodwaters within stream channels
eliminates wide stream meanders
is more expensive to build structures on flat land
16
A depositional feature that forms where a stream enters a lake or ocean is a(n):
delta
meander
oxbow lake
natural levee
17
What are the boundaries called that separate streams in adjacent drainage basins?
mountain ranges
levees
divides
valleys
18
The ability of a stream to erode and transport material depends largely on its:
velocity/speed
density
length
width
19
Condensation is a change in water from a:
liquid to solid
gas to liquid
liquid to gas
solid to liquid
20
Which consequence could an exponentially growing human population have on drinkable water?
increase in cases of waterborne diseases
increase in the amount of water
decrease in the amount of waste and pollutants in the water
decrease in needing water
21
What decreases beach erosion without the construction of protective structures?
breakwater
seawall
beach nourishment
groin
22
A measure of a material's ability to transmit fluids through interconnected pore spaces is:
capacity
permeability
porosity
competence
23
Which of the following is NOT a major source of groundwater pollution?
ozone
industrial chemicals
sewage
pesticides
24
Name of the process where water is placed back into the atmosphere at high temperatures?
Evaporation
Precipitation
Infiltration
Condensation
25
The energy that drives surface ocean currents comes from:
wave action
temperature differences
salinity variations
wind
26
Why are ocean currents important to coastal regions?
they provide high and low tides
they increase the rate of precipitation
they move vertically pushing warm water and nutrients
they can warm or cool the air temperatures
27
What is the primary source of thermal energy in oceans?
sunlight
plankton
tsunamis
hurricanes
28
Which well has groundwater rise on its own under pressure with no pumping required?
artesian well
ordinary well
29
Which of the following is NOT a role of wetlands and estuaries?
shoreline erosion control
natural water quality improvement
prevents flooding by holding water
decreases biodiversity
30
The water cycle is the:
distribution of drinking water on Earth
unending circulation of the Earth's water supply
the evaporation of water from the Earth's surface
the recycling of water after industrial use
31
Can waste water treatment facilities filter out ALL contaminants from water?
Yes
No
32
Which of the following is NOT a process that decreases the salinity of seawater?
icebergs melting
evaporation
runoff from land
precipitiation
33
How does salt get into the oceans?
infiltration
weathering and erosion
ougassing
evaporation
34
What phenomenon is most likely responsible for the currents' circulation patterns?
density differences
Sun's tidal effect
Coriolis effect
temperature differences
35
Which is an example of water conservation?
taking long showers
rain barrels
leaving the water running while brushing your teeth
sprinklers
36
The rising of cold water from deeper layers to replace warmer surface water is called?
the Coriolis effect
upwelling
a surface current
reflection
37
Which of the following statements about groundwater is true?
Groundwater can be replenished by pumping sea water.
Once groundwater is polluted it can never be used again.
Groundwater is a nonrenewable resource.
Groundwater can be conserved by recycling used water.
38
Farmer MacDonald has been using too much fertilizer. What would occur in a nearby pond?
decrease in dissolved oxygen
increase in salinity
increase in pesticides
decrease in dissolved nitrogen
39
Groundwater is found underground in the zone of:
permeability
capacity
porosity
competence
40
How is the balance of heat energy maintained in the oceans?
waves transfer heat energy throughout the oceans
ocean currents between the equator and the polar regions
sun's energy is equally distributed throughout the oceans
the tides transfer heat energy across the oceans
41
Which of the following prevents shoreline erosion?
seawall
all of the above
beach nourishment
groin
42
A murky, cloudy river would have:
low turbidity
high turbidity
43
Which of the following is an example of a point source pollutant?
storm-water runoff
natural occurrences of arsenic in groundwater
broken sewer pipe
sedimentation
44
Which is an advantage of building a dam?
improves the natural habitat of plants and animals
it can create a storage place for water
decreases the accumulation of sediment in the water
it is an expensive process
45
Which most likely caused the changes observed in the data over time?
decrease in irrigation for farming
increase in the amount of precipitation
decrease in the amount of infiltration
increase in water conservation efforts
46
Sustainable farming of ocean life is called:
aquaculture
agriculture
over-fishing
the deadliest catch
47
The movement of water that parallels the shore within the surf zone is called:
beach drift
salinity current
longshore current
tidal current
48
Impermeable rock that forces groundwater to move laterally and emerge on the surface is called
a spring
a geyser
a well
an aquifer
49
When is the daily tidal range greatest?
spring tide
neap tide
50
How would several wells in an area affect the balance of groundwater recharge and discharge?
provide storage area for groundwater to maintain the water
deplete groundwater supplied by infiltration from rain
increase the water table level from runoff
provide dissolved oxygen