SUST 207 EXAM 2

___ effect:objects in the Northern Hemisphere move to the right, while in the Southern Hemisphere, they move to the left

Isobars are

Historical weather records go back in time

La Nina is called the warm phase because it drives warm temperatures world-wide.

How many Mt. Pinatubo (1991) eruptions per year would be needed to match our annual CO2 emissions?

Counterclockwise circulation(in N. hemisphere)around an area of low pressure. Can build to a tropical storm or hurricane

As temperatures rise, plant respiration declines.

Contributions to sea level rise from melting glaciers, ice sheets is currently nearly twice that from thermal expansion

Clouds with different properties either reflect incoming shortwave or absorb Earth's longwave radiation. What kind?

Earth's highest temperatures tend to occur during El Nino events.

Climate models produced in the 1980s and 1990s did not accurately predict the global warming trend that happened

Which of the following would NOT be considered a paleoclimate proxy?

Which forest type contains the most biomass?

As temperatures warm, water vapor increases in the atmosphere, causing further warming. What kind of feedback

Sea level rise is accelerating, with a likely increase of 12 inches by the century's end, even with reduced emissions.

How does an ice sheet grow?

Paleoclimate evidence of past climate is indirect, called ____, and "stands in" for missing instrumental records.

Which of the following directly contribute to sea level rise when they melt?

Winds move from areas of ___pressure to areas with ___ pressure

Warming melted glaciers and Greenland’s ice sheet, raising sea levels. What future change could worsen this?

Match the proxy with its typical location/environment: Speleothem (cave deposits)

Climate models represent the fundamental laws of physics as they apply to Earth's climate system.

For a marine ice sheet, only ice and meltwater past the grounding line contribute to sea level rise

According to NOAA, what are the primary reasons that global sea level has been rising?

Albedo is a ___process

What percentage of the US population is vulnerable to sea level rise?

Energy, Momentum and Mass are:

Which one of the following best describes the global temperature record over the past 2000 years?

Surface ocean currents are driven by:

Ice Cores go back in time

Forests cover approximately how much of Earth's land surface?

What body of the UN is in charge of reporting on everything we know about climate change?

What factor did NOT cause the ice ages?

The deep, 3D movement of the ocean called ______is driven by salinity and temperature.

When air rises, it creates low pressure below, and when it sinks, it creates high pressure.

Match the proxy with its typical location/environment: Corals

As Earth's temperature rises, more heat escapes to space, reducing the warming. What kind of feedback

___ research methods, like one-on-one interviews, help us understand the human experience.

band of low pressure near the equator, where heated air rises throughout the year, creating the equatorial trough is___

How do ice cores from Antarctica provide an accurate record of past atmospheric CO2?

Is Breaking off (calving) of icebergs

Evapotranspiration is a ___process

Clockwise circulation (in N. hemisphere) around an area of high pressure. Associated with clear weather.

Frictional force slows air movement near the Earth's surface.

Is Less friction with bedrock due to melt under glacier

What winds allowed Europeans to colonize the Americas and parts of Asia?

What factor could initiate a large scale collapse of many marine glaciers in West Antarctica?

The __ is caused by a shift in the intertropical convergence zone, changing wind direction and precipitation patterns.

What part of the cryosphere is the article concerned about?

If the Earth were not rotating, general circulation would consist of one Hadley cell in each hemisphere

Photosynthesis is a ___process

The sun's output varies on a consistent cycle. How long is this cycle?

True rainforests exist where they do because of the location of the

The insurance industry now employs climatologists to set homeowner rates and identify uninsurable areas.

Climate conditions in areas dominated by subtropical high pressure systems are very

According to NOAA, how much has global sea level risen since 1880?

What is the best place on the planet to prevent deforestation (or reforest), if you want to reduce climate change?

Match the proxy with its typical location/environment: Tree Rings

Wind is defined as the movement of air relative to the Earth's surface.

Is Increasing mass of ice near grounding line

What Earth system element is not included in GCMs due to its slow change compared to the atmosphere and other components

Most of the sea level rise due to melting of the cryosphere in the 20th century came from mountain glacier retreat.

Climate models represent the fundamental laws of physics as they apply to Earth's climate system.

The WV floods of 2016 were described by the National Weather Service as a thousand year flood event. This means:

Holocene spans 10,000 years, peaking around 4000 BC. Recent warming is faster, but the mid-Holocene's warmth is debated

Strong jet stream disturbances can bring cold polar air to mid-latitudes, forming cyclones that move east to west.

What period of climate stability, lasting 10,000-12,000 years, saw the development of all human civilization?

Winds high in the atmosphere, less affected by friction

Match the proxy with its typical location/environment: Ice Core

Flood ____ measures the time between peak discharge of similar size and is expressed in years.

The polar easterly winds result from

Adaptive resilience is the capacity of a system/society to successfully respond to and recover from a natural disaster. 

Is Retreat of the grounding line

The oceans and the atmosphere are thermal engines that redistribute heat from the equatorial regions to the poles.

Heterotrophic respiration is a ___process

There is more forest in West Virginia now than there was in 1900.

A 1 in 100 year flood has a ___% chance of occurring in any given year.

All models in the CMIP6 intercomparison show oceans taking up excess heat over the last 40 years.

The change from grounded ice to ice that is floating over the sea is called the ___

Temperate forests can warm or cool the surface, depending on evapotranspiration or albedo.

global temperatures rise sea level will continue to rise, with the extent depending on future greenhouse gas emissions

As arctic sea ice melts, albedo goes down, causing oceans and air temperatures to rise. What kind of feedback

Winds are caused by:

Since the 1990s, we've measured absolute sea level to remove land movement effects. How is this done?

Match the proxy with its typical location/environment: Marine sediments

Jet streams flow parallel to strong pressure gradients, high in the atmosphere.

Ocean sediments go back in time

Which paleoclimate archives do NOT develop in layers, preventing them from being dated by layer counting

What is not one of the solutions on the table for reducing emissions globally?

Morgantown is part of the Monongahela watershed, as well as the Ohio River watershed and the Mississippi River watershed

Earth's temperature was cooler during the Little Ice Age 1450-1850especially in the Northern Hemisphere This was due to

When assessing climate models, which variable is the hardest to forecast?

Coriolis causes subtropical high-pressure cells to rotate creating easterly trade wind that helped ships on spice routes

If this were a high pressure system in the Northern Hemisphere, what direction would the wind flow close to the ground?

Climate sensitivity is an output that can be compared between models. What is it?

During an El Nino, trade winds weaken, allowing warm ocean waters to spread across the Pacific.

Tree rings, corals, cave deposits go back in time

Studies that connect unusual climate events with human-caused climate change are called ____ studies.

The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is a zone of ___pressure that extends across the equatorial region.

What factors DO NOT influence regional differences in sea level rise?

The ___ are the air cycle where air rises over the ITCZ, descends at subtropical highs, and returns to the equator.

Near the equator, warm, moist air rises, flows north and south, then descends at 30° latitude, returning to the equator

You have already 'calculated' a basic climate model. You did this when you learned:

Volcanic eruptions release CO2 (warming) and aerosols (cooling), but their main effect is 1-4 years of cooling.

What global treaty successfully addressed a major issue in the upper atmosphere?

Hurricane Helene is an example of a Cyclone

The Trade Winds are easterly winds near the equator that are created by the circulation of the

What group meets every year to negotiate obligations for countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions?