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Evidence of Evolution by Natural Selection
Flashcards
67 cards
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Practice quiz
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Host live
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Questions
67
Answers
1
What does "Paleozoic" mean?
"recent life"
"before life"
"middle life"
"ancient life"
2
What family do modern humans and apes belong to?
Hominid
Primates
Homo
Homo Sapiens
3
Dinosaurs lived during the "Mesozoic", or _______.
"middle life"
"ancient life"
"recent life"
"living life"
4
Genes and genetic information transferring from both parents to offspring is known as
Genetic recombination
Inherited variation
Genetic drift
Gene flow
5
Mammary glands, fur or hair, warm blooded, a neocortex region of the brain, as well as three middle ear bones...
Reptiles
Primates
Felines
Mammals
6
An alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.
Genetic mutation
Genetic drift
Genetic recombination
Genetic variation
7
Which of the following is NOT a kingdom in taxonomy?
Eukaryotes
Plants and Protists
Fungi
Animals
8
When distantly related organisms independently evolve similar traits resulting from similar geographic environments
Analogous structures
Homologous structures
Divergent evolution
Convergent evolution
9
"Cenozoic" means _______.
"middle life"
"ancient life"
"after life"
"recent life"
10
________ occurs when two populations are separated by physical barriers (mountains or bodies of water).
Geographic isolation
Reproductive isolation
Temporal Isolation
Behavioral isolation
11
Which of the following was the largest mass extinction in Earth's history, also known as The Great Dying?
Cambrian Explosion
end-Permian Extinction
end-Cretaceous
end-Ordovician
12
This Eon is also known as the Eon of "Visible Life"
Hadean
Proterozoic
Archean
Phanerozoic
13
During which Eon did photosynthesizers change the atmosphere to oxygen-rich?
Archean
Phanerozoic
Proterozoic
Hadean
14
When groups from the same common ancestor evolve and accumulate differences, resulting in speciation.
Analogous structure
Convergent evolution
Divergent evolution
Homologous structure
15
What is the scientific name of the modern human species?
Homo Primate
Homo sapiens
Hobo sapiens
Hominid
16
Earth was completely molten during which Eon?
Phanerozoic
Proterozoic
Hadean
Archean
17
Evidence for evolution only occurs in the fossil record.
false
true
18
The transfer of genetic variation from one population to another by way of migration.
Inherited variation
Genetic recombination
Genetic drift
Gene flow
19
What are the three domains in taxonomy?
Plants, Animals, and Fungi
Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
Chordates, Vertebrates, and Invertebrates
Mammals, Birds and Reptiles
20
Species that have evolved from a common ancestor should have certain characteristics in common.
true
false
21
The Cambrian Explosion started which Era of the Phanerozoic?
Cenozoic
Mesozoic
Paleozoic
Hadean
22
The change in a physical characteristic (phenotype) of a species, and relies on natural selection.
Evolutionary change
Genetic mutation
Genetic variation
Inherited variation
23
Swedish botanist, zoologist, & physician who formalized binomial nomenclature, the taxonomic system of naming organisms.
Carl Linnaeus
Galileo Galilei
Alfred Wegener
Charles Darwin
24
Why do scientists agree that humans are closely related to chimpanzees?
Humans and chimps have foward-facing, binocular vision and clavicles.
Both human and chimps are bipedal and placental mammals.
Humans and chimps share 98.6% of their DNA sequences.
Humans and chimps are both embryologically similar.
25
The End-Cretaceous Extinction event ended which Era of the Phanerozoic?
Paleozoic
Cenozoic
Phanerozoic
Mesozoic
26
The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring is called
evolutionary change
natural selection
genetic success
adaptation
27
The change in frequency of an existing gene variant in a population due to random sampling of organisms.
Mutation
Evolutionary change
Genetic drift
Genetic variation
28
After Earth cooled, the continents and oceans formed during this Eon.
Phanerozic
Archean
Hadean
Proterozoic
29
The study of the distribution of species and ecosystems throughout geological time.
Biogeography
Biology
Geography
Comparative anatomy
30
Both bats and mosquitoes have wings. Wings of mammals vs wings of invertebrates are examples of
vestigial structures.
analogous structures.
all of the above
homologous structures.
31
What genus do extinct and modern humans belong to?
Homo Sapiens
Primate
Hominid
Homo
32
Which of the following organisms do not require oxygen to survive?
Anaerobic bacteria
Eukaryotes
Aerobic bacteria
Multicellular organisms
33
The first of Earth's four Eons is called the
Phanerozoic
Hadean
Proterozoic
Archean
34
Body parts that appear in different animals and are similar in structure, but serve a different purpose is called
analogous structures.
embryonic similarities.
vestigial structures.
homologous structures.
35
Which is the oldest of the three Eras?
Paleozoic
Jurassic
Cenozoic
Mesozoic
36
Darwin's theory of evolution is supported by
embryology.
DNA evidence.
fossil evidence.
all of these are correct.
37
Which technique has helped scientists determine the absolute age of rocks and fossils?
Radiometric dating of radioactive isotopes
Fossil comparisons
The Law of Superposition
Stratigraphic comparisons
38
A diagram that depicts evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor is called
A Divergent Evolution Chart
A Convergent Evolution Chart
A Phylogenetic Tree
A Biological Family Tree
39
What would be a favorable trait for a rabbit trying to avoid predators in a SNOWY environment?
long ears
short ears
brown fur
white fur
40
This Era is known as "the age of marine life."
Mesozoic
Paleozoic
Archean
Cenozoic
41
A bird's wings are homologous to
dragonfly wings.
a whale's front fin.
a mosquito's wings.
a dog's front legs.
42
What is the science of taxonomy?
The naming and classification of all living organisms
The physical measurements of all living living organisms
The illustration and photography of all living organisms
The naming and classification of all plants and animals
43
Which of the following can be used to find the relative age of rock layers?
extinction events
comparing layers of strata
radioactive isotopes
comparing index fossils
44
Trilobites are used as _______ during which Era of the Phanerozoic Eon?
carbon films, Cenozoic
index fossils, Precambrian
trace fossils, Mesozoic
index fossils, Paleozoic
45
An English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.
Isaac Newton
Carl Linnaeus
Albert Einstein
Charles Darwin
46
The scientific theory of ______ explains the origin of eukaryotic cells from ancestral prokaryotic organisms.
Endosymbiosis
Abiogenesis
Superposition
Evolution
47
Anatomical features that no longer seem to serve a purpose in the current form of an organism are called
embryonic similarities.
homologous structures.
analogous structures.
vestigial structures.
48
The difference in DNA among individuals is known as
genetic variation
genetic drift
genetic recombination
gene flow
49
This Era is known as "the age of the reptiles."
Paleozoic
Proterozoic
Cenozoic
Mesozoic
50
This Eon is not part of precambrian time.
Archean
Hadean
Phanerozoic
Proterozoic
51
What the taxonomic order of modern humans?
Great Ape
Anthropoid
Primate
Hominid
52
Biological structures that have similar functions but not the same structure are called
vestigial structures.
embryonic similarities.
analogous structures.
homologous structures.
53
According to the Law of Superposition, which is true about undisturbed strata? (rock layers)
Unconformities are always older then the layers below them.
The oldest rock layer is on the bottom.
Rock layers are always older than the layers below them.
The youngest rock layer is on the bottom.
54
Modern humans belong to which taxonomic kingdom?
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
Protista
55
Any animal with a spinal column or backbone, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals are known as
Chordates
Aves
Invertebrates
Primates
56
What is the science of classifying and naming organisms?
Evolution
Phylogeny
Taxonomy
Biology
57
Comparative Embryology is the study of similarities and differences between…
the prenatal development of organisms.
the DNA of different organisms.
the body structures of organisms.
the fossil record and geologic time.
58
Which of the following correctly orders the units of geologic time from longest to shortest?
Periods > Eras > Epochs > Eons > Ages
Epochs > Eons > Eras > Periods > Ages
Eras > Eons > Periods > Epochs > Ages
Eons > Eras > Periods > Epochs > Ages
59
The wings of bats and forelimbs of cats are homologous structures.
false
true
60
The scientific theory of ______ explains processes by which the first life forms on Earth arose from inorganic matter.
Superposition
Evolution
Endosymbiosis
Abiogenesis
61
An inherited characteristic that increases an organism's ability to survive & reproduce is
an adaptation.
an analogous structure.
a vestigial structure.
a homologous structure.
62
During which Eon did photosynthesizers first appear?
Phanerozoic
Proterozoic
Hadean
Archean
63
In taxonomy, what does the binomial nomenclature of an organism refer to?
Domain and Kingdom
Genus and Species
Order and Family
Phylum and Class
64
The study of the behavior, biology, evolution, and taxonomy of nonhuman primates.
Mammalogy
Monkey Business
Anthropology
Primatology
65
Both pig and rabbit embryos have gill slits. This suggests that
pigs are more closely related to fish than rabbits.
pigs and rabbits share a common ancestor.
pigs and rabbits are closely related to fish.
pigs and rabbits can live in water.
66
Mammals dominated during which Era of the Phanerozoic?
Cenozoic
Proterozoic
Mesozoic
Paleozoic
67
Which of the following BEST summarizes life on Earth according to the fossil record?
marine organisms > mammals > amphibians > reptiles
reptiles > amphibians > marine organisms > mammals
marine organisms > amphibians > reptiles > mammals
mammals > reptiles > amphibians > marine organisms
