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GHSA - CPH Exam Prep - USF Flashcards | StudBud
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GHSA - CPH Exam Prep - USF
GHSA - CPH Exam Prep - USF
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1
Which of the following best describes the value of an enterprise after all debts have been deducted from the assets?
revenue
profit
equity
liability
2
Polio vaccines = lifelong protection. Flu vaccines = needed annually. Why?
Flu vaccines = killed virusesPolio vaccines = live, attenuate virus
Flu vaccines = injection Polio = ingested
Flu virus mutates faster than poliovirus
Flu viruses can infect other species. Polio = humans only
3
Which of the following is the largest source of funding for core local public health services in the United States?
state sales tax revenues
local government revenue
federal funding
Medicaid and other fee revenue
4
Which source of United States law gives power to health departments?
Regulations
Treaties
Common law
Statutes
5
The probability associated with specific results when the null hypothesis is true is expressed by
Conditional independence
A type II error
The sampling distribution
The p-value
6
In an urban community, which of the following is most likely to contribute to the heat island effect?
minimizing areas of vegetation growth
increasing the number of power plants
reducing housing density
increasing the use of air-conditioning
7
Researchers want to present the comparative distribution of office visits in 3 communities in one figure. Which is best?
Stem and Leaf Plot
Histogram
Bar graph
Pie chart
8
The association between disease status and exposure for a sample from a population is as follows:
((50/5050) / (50/450)
(50/450) / (50/5050)
(50/50) / (400/5000)
(400/5400) / (50/100)
9
The greatest reduction in injuries and death related to motor vehicles in the US is most likely to be a result of which:
Modifications to vehicles and highway systems
Stricter motor vehicle inspection laws
Increase in law enforcement and highway patrol officers
Stiffer penalties for drunk drivers and repeat speeders
10
The process of working with groups of people in partnerships & coalitions to mobilize resources & influence systems is:
Community Action
Community Engagement
Constituency Development
Collaboration
11
A budget statement for a public health program provides a detailed itemization of expenses and
taxes
revenue
fees
grants
12
Which of the following programs represents the greatest health expenditure at the state level?
state employee health benefits
Medicaid
State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP)
direct public health care
13
When a PH issue emerges and has no "evidence base" which action is best for a PH professional to suggest a strategy?
Dismiss the issue because there is insufficient evidence to make a decision
Implement Several strategies at once to assess which is most effective
Defer actioln until further info is available
Invest in community based research to build a better understanding
14
What percentage of all spending on health in the US is devoted to PH funding?
28%
52%
3%
11%
15
Which of the following professionals make up the largest percentage of the public health workforce?
Health educators
Nurses
Sanitarians
Epidemiologists
16
The PEPFAR program was created to respond to which of the following global health concerns:
Tuberculosis
Malaria
Dengue Fever
HIV/AIDS
17
Which US law prohibits practitioners from sharing individually identifiable health information?
American Health Security Act
Health Communications Act
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
Occupational Safety and Health Act
18
A crucial step for establishing positive team interdependence is:
Establishing group member roles
Attending group meetings
Managing communication patterns
Determining deadlines
19
Which type of leadership is best in an organization experiencing rapid change?
Transactional
Theory X
Servant
Contingency
20
Which of these methods is most appropriate for collecting data from stakeholders for a community-based intervention?
Reading the blogs of community members
Holding key informant interviewsq
Conducting a mail survey
Conducting a telephone survey
21
Which term best describes the power of a local jursdiction to independently regulate PH, safety, & welfare?
Preemtion
Unionism
Home rule
Self-administration
22
Which definition describes an organization balance sheet?
The amount of money owed to personnel
A summary of assets and liabilities
A review of true expenses
An annual overview of fundraising
23
Which is most appropriate to use during an analysis to adjust for racial differences in infant mortality among states?
Logistic regression
Direct Standardization
Linear regression
Life table analysis
24
Approximately how many local health departments are there in the United States?
59,000
890
3,000
10,600
25
Which relationships most accurately describes a positively skewed distribution of human body weight measurements?
The mean is greater than the median
The mode is greater than the mean
The mode is equal to the mean
The mean is less than the median
26
Which is most important for effective health communication to a community?
The color and size of the health promotion materials
The health literacy of the target population
The organization of the health promotion materials
The diagrams and visual aids associated with the promotion materials
27
Which theory is best illustrated by the following statement?
Social Cognitive Theory
Transtheoretical Model of Change
Theory of Planned Behavior
Diffusion of Innovations Theory
28
Evidence-based guidelines for the communication of public health risks & disasters recommend which of the following?
being available to the media during a crisis
maintaining a professional separation from media sources
stating "no comment" when the level of risk is unknown
limiting the background information presented to the media
29
The times observed for completing a sorting task are scored in terms of order of finish. This is an example of:
interval data
nominal data
ordinal data
continuous data
30
Which of the following organizations accredits local public health departments?
American Public Health Association
State licensing boards
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Public Health Accreditation Board
31
Which communication technique makes it easier to understand and use health information
Ethical communication
Common terminology
Gender-neutral language
Plain language
32
Which of the following complaints is most likely to result in the investigation of a restaurant?
Three friends became ill with vomiting w/in 4 hours of eating the same food
One person reported becoming ill after eating at the restaurant
Two people became ill, one with a migrane headache and one with diarrhea
Five family members developed diarrhea w/in 48 hours of eating there
33
The Institute of Medicine report in 1988 entitled The Future of Public Health, identified 3 core functions of PH as:
Epidemiology, health policy, and evaluation
Assessment, policy development, and assurance
Administration, implementation, and monitoring
Surveillance, program development, and evaluation
34
Workforce diversity is important in research, education, and administration for which of the following reasons?
It improves health literacy
It demonstrates institutional commitment
It increases efficiency
It decreases work-related stress
35
Recreational water quality in the US is most affected by which of the following types of pollution?
Factory wastewater
Oil spilled from boat motors
Urban runoff after a rain event
Organic decomposition from weeds and rushes
36
It is recommended that for health promotion materials to be effective, they should be written at what reading level?
2nd-4th grade
College level
10th-12th grade
6th-8th grade
37
When considering culture in research practice, which of the following reflects best practice?
Recognizing that cultural uniformity is necessary for health intervention
Treating members of all cultural groups in the same way
Engaging culturally diverse advocacy leaders in the community
Helping members in the community more easily fit into the maistream culture
38
The correlation between social status and health in economically developed countries is most likely explained by which?
Genetic differences
Health care financing and quality of services
Cultural and linguistic competency
Chronic anxiety from low social status and lack of material resources
39
A program to reduce TB cases through local community outreach could have an outcome measure of the number of:
Clinica visits for TB
Community education sessions
TB cases
Patients recieving follow-up care for TB
40
Most funding for nursing home care in the US comes from which of the following sources?
Medicaid
Medicare
Private insurance
OUt-of-pocket
41
The theory of reasoned action is a model of health behavior targeted at which of the following levels?
Community
Individual
Organizational
Global
42
Community PH goals and objectives are best developed by which of the following:
Medical professionals who treat members of the community
PH professionals who have access to data trends
Members of the community who understand community needs
Elected officials who are accountable to the public
43
An example of health disparity is
A rural town served by a doctor with an office 50 miles away
Physically disabled patients with access to Medicaid coverage
An elderly population who recieve low-cost dental care
An unequal occurrence of sickle cell anemia across racial groups
44
If tasked with reducing HIV risk for African Americans over 50, which communication strategy is most important?
Ensure the information is evidence-based
Make the information available on social media
Present the information in a cultrually competent manner
Write the information at a 12th grade reading level
45
Which is a common threat to validity with adapting an evidence-based practice to a specific population?
Having resources available
Achieving community uptake
Obtaining grantor approval
Maintaining fidelity
46
Which event brought about the creation of the International Code of Ethics for Research?
Willowbrook hepatitis studies
Nazi human experimentation
Tuskegee Syphilis Study
Publication of the Belmont Report
47
In addition to ozone and particulates, which of the following pollutants is most likely to aggrate asthma?
Carbon Monoxide
Sulfur Dioxide
Lead
Arsenic
48
Which of the following phases of the policy-making process includes a "window of opportunity"?
policy rulemaking
policy modification
policy implementation
policy formulation
49
Which of the following is the most imporant limitation in the use of vital statistics data for PH research?
Data collected vary substantially from state to state
Variables of research interest may not be collected
Data files are not available to people collecting data outside the agency
Births and deaths that occur outside of institutions are not recorded
50
The introduction of sewage into a stream is most likely to cause a measurable change in which of the following ways?
Stabilization of biochemical oxygen demand
Increase in biochemical oxygen demand
Increase in dissolved oxygen concentration
Decrease in decomposing organic concentration
51
Leading by example best exemplifies which of the following styles of leadership?
delegative
visionary
strategic
participative
52
Which of the following are the four Ps in social marketing?
People, purpose, place, post
Position, price, population, promotion
Product, price place, promotion
Purpose, pay, place, population
53
Culturally appropriate care in HC facilities institutionalizes values which will most likely influence what?
Accessibility
Acceptability
Accountability
Adequacy
54
Which is a characteristic of a health care system based on social justice?
Access to med. care is viewed as an economic reward of personal achievement
An individual's ability to pay is inconsequential to recieving care.
Production & distribution of HC are determined by market-based demand
Markets are more efficient than gov't at allocating health resources
55
Systems theory approach utilizes individuals, groups, and their environments. Which best describes this concept?
Demography
Community psychology
Ethnobiology
Social ecology
56
Flexibility, openness, and self-reflection so that cultural learning is possible when working in community partnerships:
Community sensitivity
Community diversity
Cultural planning
Cultural competency
57
Differences in rates of medical procedures by race, even when controlling for potential confounders is an example of:
Racism
Inadequate access to HC
Health disparity
A high rate of uninsured individuals
58
Which best describes an organizational design of independent units, joined by shared administrative overlay?
Machine bureaucracy
Adhocracy
Divisionalized bureaucracy
Professional bureaucracy
59
What is one of the critical components of community health practice?
Stakeholder identification
Social marketing
Normative beliefs
Institutional review board (IRB)
60
Which is a modeling and simulation tool used to investigate stocks, flows, and feedback loops of complex problems?
Operations research
Interactive planning
Organizational cybernetics
System dynamics