Arshitha's Bio 311C unit 1 test review

Question 1

What major event allowed the rise of aerobic organisms?

Accepted Answer

The extinction of anaerobic organisms due to rising oxygen levels

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the relationship between structure and function in biology?

Accepted Answer

Structure determines function.

Question 3

Which of the following organelles is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts

Question 4

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in cells?

Accepted Answer

Structural support and energy storage

Question 5

What is the hierarchy of complexity in biological systems, from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 6

The Miller-Urey experiment demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

Organic molecules like amino acids could form under early Earth conditions.

Question 7

Which functional group is characteristic of alcohols?

Accepted Answer

-OH

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

ATP production

Question 9

What was a key difference between the early Earth's atmosphere and today's atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

Early Earth had more carbon dioxide and less oxygen.

Question 10

Which carbohydrate is a strong structural component in plant cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 11

What determines the function of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The protein's three-dimensional shape

Question 12

Which organelle is primarily responsible for breaking down cellular waste?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes

Question 13

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

idea that mitochondria and chloroplast originated from freeliving bacteria

Question 14

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic do not

Question 15

Who’s gonna kill the test?

Accepted Answer

you, you, you, you

Question 16

Name and draw the two functional groups commonly found in amino acids.

Accepted Answer

amino and carboxyl group

Question 17

What increase the efficiency of substance exchange?

Accepted Answer

having folds

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of cellular waste

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a trait shared by all life forms?

Accepted Answer

Ability to perform photosynthesis

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 21

Which statement best explains the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

mitochondria and chloroplasts, originated as freeliving prokaryotic

Question 22

What allows a vesicle to travel from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

The vesicle is carried by motor proteins that walk on microtubule tracks.

Question 23

Which level of protein structure involves the folding of polypeptide chains into alpha-helices and beta-sheets?

Accepted Answer

Secondary

Question 24

Which molecule is hypothesized to have been the first to store genetic information in early life forms?

Accepted Answer

RNA

Question 25

Which type of lipid is the primary component of cell membranes

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 26

How do vesicles transport proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

They are transported by motor proteins along microtubules.

Question 27

Which of the following is an example of an emergent property?

Accepted Answer

The ability of a population to adapt to its environment

Question 28

If a protein spans the cell membrane, the R-groups associating with the fatty-acid tails would be

Accepted Answer

Neutral non-polar

Question 29

What is the main function of phospholipids in cells?

Accepted Answer

Forming cell membranes

Question 30

line of evidence supporting the endosymbiont theory?

Accepted Answer

own ribsomes

Question 31

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 32

Which type of fat will melt at a lower temperature?

Accepted Answer

Fats with fatty acids that have the highest number of cis double bonds

Question 33

Which of the following is one of the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Calcium ion storage

Question 34

What type of bond is responsible for holding together the secondary structure of a protein(alpha helices and beta sheets

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 35

What does it mean that water has a "high specific heat"?

Accepted Answer

Water can absorb or release amounts of heat with minimal temperature change

Question 36

What is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic lack membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic have them

Question 37

Which cellular component is responsible for protein synthesis and is composed of RNA and protein?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 38

In which organelle is the concentration of Ca++ ions typically higher than in the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 39

Which of the following best describes the relationship between pH and the concentration of H+ ions in a solution?

Accepted Answer

As the concentration of H+ ions increases, the pH decreases

Question 40

If a protein is embedded in a cell membrane, which type of R-group would most likely interact with the hydrophobic tails

Accepted Answer

Non-polar

Question 41

Which of the following functional groups is MOST likely to donate a proton (H+) in a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl

Question 42

Which of the following carbohydrates is primarily used for energy storage in plants?

Accepted Answer

Starch

Question 43

Compared to a solution with a pH of 7.0, a solution with a pH of 6.0 has a greater concentration of __

Accepted Answer

H+ ions

Question 44

What is an example of an emergent property at the ecosystem level?

Accepted Answer

The flow of energy through a food web

Question 45

Which organelle defect is associated with Tay-Sachs disease?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes

Question 46

How many hydrogen bonds are present in ONE molecule of water?

Accepted Answer

0

Question 47

What evidence supports the theory that all life on Earth shares a common ancestor?

Accepted Answer

All life forms use DNA as their genetic material.

Question 48

Which of the following statements about water's high specific heat is correct?

Accepted Answer

Water resists changes in temperature, which helps stabilize weather/temp

Arshitha's Bio 311C unit 1 test review

Questions 48

Arshitha's Bio 311C unit 1 test review

Questions 48