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Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
standard deviation
mean
median
range
2
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
sleep apnea and night terrors
interference with memory tasks
heightened manifest dream content
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
3
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
pitch of the tone
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
amplitude of the wave
4
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
eat a meal
make new friends
go for a run
pursue a romantic interest
5
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
delta waves
alpha waves
sleep spindles
beta waves
6
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
divergent thinking
belief perseverance
a mental set
low experiential intelligence
7
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
at what age can children reason abstractly
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
8
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
achievement
standardized
triarchic
9
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
health psychology
psychometrics
positive psychology
social psychology
10
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unhealthy attributional styles
unfulfilled needs
neurochemical imbalances
learned associations
11
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
frequency theory
difference threshold
sensory adaptation
absolute threshold
12
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
situational
dispositional
social
behavioral
13
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Alzheimer's disease
major depressive disorder
Parkinson's disease
autism
14
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
modeling
positive punishment
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
15
What is the purpose of the DSM
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
16
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
17
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
retroactive memory
episodic memory
recall
18
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
presence of an authority figure
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
placebo effect
19
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : punish
remove : decrease
add : decrease
remove : increase
20
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
antagonists
activation-synthesis
dissociation
tolerance
21
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
situational
fundamental
external
internal
22
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic chiasm
optic nerve
fovea
feature detectors
23
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
outliers
normally distributed
modes
variances
24
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
25
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
myelination of brain neurons
early gross motor practice
concrete operational exercises
secure attachment with parents
26
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
slightly above average
well below the average of 200
27
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
functional fixedness
inferiority complexes
repressed memories
archetypes
28
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate lacks object permanence
29
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
procedural memory
long-term memory
sensory memory
short-term memory
30
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
reciprocity norm
out-group homogeneity
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
31
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
approach-avoidance
theory Y
postconventional
James-Lange
32
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that language is a uniquely human skill
the importance of physical contact to development
that primates can make and use tools
33
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
environmental factors that influence intelligence
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
nonessential subjects like art and music
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
34
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
oral stage
latency period
phallic stage
anal stage
35
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
need for achievement
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
primary drives
36
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
environment
family
temperament
culture
37
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
group polarization
deindividuation
social facilitation
groupthink
38
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
sensory cortex
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
medulla
39
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
behavioral
cognitive
pharmacological
structuralist
40
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
bottom up processing
difference threshold
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
41
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
linear perspective
retinal disparity
convergence
closure
42
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
trait
cognitive
psychoanalytic
humanistic
43
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
dopamine
adrenaline
acetylcholine
44
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Yerkes-Dodson law
45
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
MRI
rTMS
PET
EEG
46
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
panic disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
47
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
48
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
conscious level and non conscious level
role theory and dissociation theory
manifest content and latent content
49
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
primary
partial
continuous
secondary
50
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
51
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
speaking aloud
understanding what was said to her
solving a logic problem
moving her left hand
52
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
relearning effect
leading questions
brain injury
proactive interference
53
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
lithium
SSRIs
L-Dopa
benzodiazepines
54
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
contralateral control
effective psychological environment
hemispheric lateralization
neuroplasticity
55
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
56
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the Oedipus complex
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
the self-serving bias
57
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
overconfidence
hindsight bias
self-serving bias
a theory
58
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
disinhibition
social facilitation
conformity
social roles
59
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sensory adaptation
detecting absolute threshold
hearing high frequencies
sound localization
60
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
confirmation bias
inattentional blindness
framing effects
61
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
high warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and low control
62
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of debriefing
violation of confidentiality
risk of psychological harm
lack of informed consent
63
the limbic system plays an important role in
planning for the future
regulating emotion
processing sensory information
maintaining balance
64
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
have been exposed to good, moral role models
be able to take another person's perspective
believe in God
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
65
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
object permanence
attachment
conservation
universal ethical principles
66
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
mid 30s
late 40s
early 20s
puberty
67
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
68
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
cognitive psychotherapist
psychoanalyst
psychiatrist
clinical psychologist
69
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
secondary central dispositions
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
unconditional positive regard
70
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
self-serving bias
cognitive dissonance
71
the somatic nervous system is part of the
central nervous system
autonomic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
72
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
achievement test
aptitude test
EQ test
IQ test
73
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
autism spectrum disorder
Down syndrome
fetal alcohol syndrome
mental retardation
74
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
in-group bias
self-serving bias
individualism
compliance strategies
75
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
motor development
parenting style
attachment
assimilation
76
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
cut with a knife
say a sentence
clap their hands
write with a pencil
77
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
78
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
the social role hypothesis
principle of continuity
linguistic relativity hypothesis
gender schema theory
79
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
circadian rhythm
sleep cycles
personalities
daily activities
80
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
out-group homogeneity
scapegoating
stereotyping
superordinate goals
81
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
dissociative identity disorder
major depressive disorder
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
82
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
deindividuation
group polarization
superordinate goals
diffusion of responsibility
83
which is an example of an implicit memory
recognizing a celebrity
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
describing the taste of a birthday cake
remembering how to tie your shoelace
84
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
inappropriate or flat affect
disconnection from reality and delusions
substance abuse and dependence
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
85
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
avoidance-avoidance
approach-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
approach-approach
86
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
William James
87
In people, rods, unlike cones,
have a lower absolute threshold for light
respond more quickly to colors
are located in the center of the retina
are unable to detect motion
88
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
hippocampus
corpus callosum
prefrontal cortex
medulla oblongata
89
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
mean
median
standard deviation
90
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
biological
psychoanalytic
humanistic
trait
91
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
92
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
displacement
reaction formation
sublimation
projection
93
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
sight
balance
touch
hearing
94
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
accommodation
habituation
discrimination
assimilation
95
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
holobase
phoneme
morpheme
grapheme
96
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
systematic desensitization
REBT
client-centered therapy
token economies
97
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
case study
naturalistic observation
correlation study
experiment
98
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
99
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
test-retest reliability
aptitude measures
standardization
construct validity
100
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
gestalt therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
free association
electro-convulsive shock therapy
101
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
his research wasn't representative of the population
102
light enters the eye through an opening in the
retina
fovea
iris
blind spot
103
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
counterconditioning
rational emotive behavior therapy
104
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
rooting
stepping
Moro
Babinski
105
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
episodic memory
eidetic memory
semantic memory
procedural memory
106
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
107
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
variable interval
fixed ratio
fixed variable
continuous
108
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
mirror neurons
modeling
sublimation
latent learning
109
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
dissociative
anixety
schizophrenic
personality
110
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a mean that is the same as the median
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a probability of chance less than 5%
111
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
112
which structure is part of the inner ear
basilar membrane
tympanic membrane
malleus (hammer)
auditory canal
113
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
schedules; punishers
learned responses; physiological reactions
114
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
cognitive-behavioral interventions
biomedical interventions
secondary preventions
talking to a patient
115
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
Barnum effect
just world bias
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
116
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
pens, pencils, and a computer
four legs and a seat
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
a desk and/or table
117
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
psychoanalyst
trait
humanist
social-cognitive
118
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
higher-order conditioning
behavior shaping
law of effect
token economy
119
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
serial position effect
phonemes and morphemes
language acquisition device
linguistic relativity hypothesis
120
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
id, ego, and superego
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
traits, the environment, and behavior
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
121
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
biological
humanistic
evolutionary
psychodynamic
122
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the reconstructive nature of memory
the serial position effect
123
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
specific changes in the brain
124
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
latent learning
the overjustification effect
social learning theory
the law of effect
125
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
rods
cornea
optic nerve
cones
126
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
performing a task and receiving food
movement and electrical shocks
punishment and aversion
nausea and food or drink
127
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
single blind study
double blind study
128
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Broca's area
hippocampus
Wernicke's area
Gage's area
129
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
major depressive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
130
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
unconscious conflicts
secondary drives and needs
parenting styles
genetics and nutrition
131
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reduce : stereotypes
assimilate : accomodate
reward : punishment
ignore : adaptation
132
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
sympathetic nervous system
serotonin system
endocrine system
somatic nervous system
133
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
hormones jump from one axon to the next
physical contact between dendrites
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
134
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they involve more research participants than other studies
135
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
responding to deindividuation among group members
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
increasing group polarization within different groups
136
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
psychoanalytic
behavioral
cognitive
evolutionary
137
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
50
95
84
68
138
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
social cognitive theroy
psychodynamic theory
trait theory
biological theory
139
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
pons
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
cerebellum
140
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
descriptive statistics
counterbalancing
inferential statistics
standard deviation
141
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
touch
hearing
sight
smell
142
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
achieving physiological homeostasis
143
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
144
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
social-cognitive study
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
developmental study
145
Which is most closely associated with creativity
contextual intelligence
hypothesis testing
divergent thinking
functional fixedness
146
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
hypothalamus
amygdala
cerebellum
147
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
terminal button
synaptic cleft
neurotransmiters
myelin
148
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
random sampling
assignment to conditions
representative assignment
149
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
split-half reliability
content validity
test-retest reliability
predictive validity
150
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
operant conditioning
observational learning
instrumental learning
classical conditioning
151
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
central route persuasion
deindividuation
mere-exposure effect
152
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
153
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
154
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
social facilitation theory
James-Lange theory
opponent process theory
155
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
evolutionary
humanistic
psychodynamic
cognitive
156
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
aptitude intelligence
multiple intelligences
157
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
semantic encoding
long-term potentiation
state-dependent memory
proactive interference
158
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
parenting style
traumatic childhood experiences
hormones released in the womb
masculine/feminine personality traits
159
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
a strong superego
high self-efficacy
an extraverted personality
low self-esteem
160
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
opponent-process theory
transduction theory
gate-control theory
frequency theory
161
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
extraversion
conscientiousness
neuroticism
openness
162
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
observational learning
latent learning
insight learning
counterconditioning
163
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
top-down and bottom-up processing
proximity and similarity
binocular and monocular cues